1,721,001 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Desarrollo de un modelo murino in vivo de isquemia y reperfusión miocárdica. caracterización de la muerte celular y efecto de la obesidad en la inflamación y el remodelado ventricular
Full text linkLa muerte de células miocárdicas secundaria a una oclusión coronaria aguda es la responsable directa de la mayoría de las complicaciones que padecen los pacientes que ingresan en el hospital con un síndrome coronario agudo (SCA). Una vez que se produce una oclusión coronaria, la rápida reinstauración del flujo coronario o reperfusión es una condición indispensable para que no se produzca la muerte de los cardiomiocitos isquémicos. Sin embargo, las estrategias de revascularización de emergencia tienen limitada su eficacia como consecuencia una muerte adicional de cardiomiocitos que han sobrevivido a la isquemia previa causada por mecanismos desencadenados durante la reperfusión. Este fenómeno se conoce como daño letal por reperfusión y se produce principalmente durante los primeros minutos de la reperfusión en forma de muerte celular por necrosis. Junto a esta muerte celular inmediata, se ha sugerido la existencia de una muerte tardía de los cardiomiocitos como resultado de una respuesta inflamatoria al daño miocárdico y la activación de mecanismos apoptóticos. Esta muerte tardía contribuiría junto con otra serie de respuestas adaptativas a un patrón de remodelado ventricular adverso (RVA). Sin embargo, estudios recientes cuestionan la contribución de la apoptosis en la muerte de los cardiomiocitos y en la extensión final del tamaño del infarto. Por otro lado, la edad, la hipertensión, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM-2) o la obesidad actúan como potentes factores de riesgo independientes que provocan una mayor predisposición a padecer la enfermedad cardíaca, pero que también podrían modificar la tolerancia al daño letal por reperfusión y el RVA. Si bien la obesidad es un factor de riesgo principal asociado a la cardiopatía isquémica con una prevalencia en continuo aumento, diferentes estudios sugieren que los individuos con sobrepeso y los obesos presentan una mejor evolución de la enfermedad coronaria establecida. Este fenómeno controvertido y poco caracterizado se conoce como paradoja de la obesidad. La primera parte del trabajo experimental de esta tesis desarrolla un modelo de isquemia y reperfusión miocárdica in vivo en ratón. Este modelo con oclusión aguda transitoria de la arteria coronaria izquierda nos ha permitido reproducir la patología cardíaca con características funcionales y estructurales similares a las presentadas por los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM). Haciendo uso de este modelo experimental se han llevado a cabo dos estudios; En el primero de ellos, el modelo de isquemia y reperfusión miocárdica desarrollado ha sido aplicado a un ratón con doble deleción cardioespecífica de los genes para las caspasas efectoras 3 y 7, proteasas clave en el mecanismo apoptótico. Los resultados obtenidos nos han permitido concluir que la apoptosis no contribuye a la muerte celular de los cardiomiocitos, ni durante las primeras fases de la reperfusión, ni más tardíamente en el proceso de RVA, siendo esta muerte principalmente por necrosis y durante las primeras horas de reperfusión. En un segundo estudio se ha analizado el efecto de la obesidad en la tolerancia del miocardio al daño por IR. Para ello, por un lado se ha desarrollado y caracterizado un modelo de obesidad inducida por dieta alta en grasas en ratones BDF1, y por otro lado, usando nuestro modelo de IR, se ha determinado el efecto de la obesidad en la mortalidad y el remodelado ventricular adverso tras un episodio isquémico. Este estudio ha permitido obtener un modelo de ratón con obesidad inducida por dieta alta en grasas en ausencia de hipertensión arterial y otras comorbilidades asociadas que presenta una mayor tolerancia al daño por IR y confirma la existencia del fenómeno de la paradoja de la obesidad. Este efecto paradójico podría estar mediado por la sobreproducción de determinadas citoquinas, adipoquinas e insulina.Myocardial cell death secondary to acute coronary occlusion is directly responsible for most of the complications reported in patients with an acute coronary syndrome. After an acute coronary infarction, the rapid restoration of coronary flow or reperfusion is the most effective strategy to limit the death of ischemic cardiomyocytes. However, the effectiveness of emergency revascularization strategies is reduced due to the death of cardiomyocytes that survive to the previous ischemia by mechanisms triggered during the reperfusion. This phenomenon is known as lethal reperfusion injury and occurs by necrosis and mainly during the first minutes of reperfusion. Along with this immediate cell death, it has been suggested that there is a late cardiomyocyte death triggered by an inflammatory response to myocardial injury and the activation of apoptotic mechanisms. This late death and other adaptive responses would result in a progressive adverse ventricular remodeling (AVR). However, recent studies question the contribution of apoptosis to cardiomyocyte death and the final extent of infarct size. On the other hand, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM- 2) and obesity act as potent independent risk factors that lead to increased predisposition to heart disease, but could also change the tolerance to lethal reperfusion injury and AVR. Whereas obesity is a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease, different studies suggest that overweight/obese patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD) have a better evolution prognosis than do leaner patients with the same diseases. This controversial and poorly characterized phenomenon is known as the obesity paradox. An in vivo model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (IR) in mice was developed in the first part of this experimental work. This model with transient myocardial acute occlusion of the left coronary artery has allowed us to reproduce the coronary pathology with functional and structural characteristics similar to those presented by patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Two studies have been done using this experimental model: in the first one, myocardial IR was applied to transgenic mice with double cardiospecific deletion of the genes for the caspases 3 and 7, key proteases in the apoptotic mechanism of cell death. The results obtained demonstrate that apoptosis does not contribute to the death of cardiomyocytes during early reperfusion, nor to the process of AVR, and confirms that reperfusion-induced cell death is due to necrosis and occurs during the first hours of reperfusion. In a second study, after developing and characterizing a model of high fat diet induced obesity in BDF1 mice, the effect of obesity on the myocardial tolerance to IR injury was investigated. This study that yielded a mouse model of induced obesity in the absence of hypertension and hyperglycemia resulted in increased tolerance to IR injury, confirming the existence of the phenomenon of obesity paradox. This paradoxical effect could be mediated by the overproduction of cytokines, adipokines, and insulin
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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