1,988 research outputs found
Restless legs syndrome—current therapies and management of augmentation
No full textIdiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) can severely affect quality of life and disturb sleep, so that pharmacological treatment is necessary, especially for elderly patients. Treatment guidelines recommend initiation of therapy with dopamine agonists (pramipexole, ropinirole or the rotigotine transdermal patch, all approved in most countries) or alpha-2-delta ligands (gabapentin enacarbil, approved in the USA and Japan), depending on the country and availability. Where approved, opioids (prolonged release oxycodone-naloxone, approved in Europe) are also recommended as a second-line therapy for severe RLS. Several iron formulations can be effective but are not yet approved for RLS therapy, whereas benzodiazepines and other anticonvulsants are not recommended or approved. Less is known about effective management of RLS that is associated with other conditions, such as uraemia or pregnancy. Furthermore, very little data are available on the management of RLS when first-line treatment fails or patients experience augmentation. In this Review, we summarize state-of-the-art therapies for RLS in the context of the diagnostic criteria and available guidelines, based on knowledge ranging from Class I evidence for the treatment of idiopathic RLS to Class IV evidence for the treatment of complications such as augmentation. We consider therapies, including combination therapies, that are used in clinical practice for long-term management of RLS, despite a lack of trials and approval, and highlight the need for practical long-term evaluation of current trials
Systematic-error-free wavefront measurement using an X-ray single-grating interferometer
No full textTakato Inoue, Satoshi Matsuyama, Shogo Kawai, Hirokatsu Yumoto, Yuichi Inubushi, Taito Osaka, Ichiro Inoue, Takahisa Koyama, Kensuke Tono, Haruhiko Ohashi, Makina Yabashi, Tetsuya Ishikawa, and Kazuto Yamauchi, "Systematic-error-free wavefront measurement using an X-ray single-grating interferometer", Review of Scientific Instruments 89, 043106 (2018), https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5026440.In this study, the systematic errors of an X-ray single-grating interferometer based on the Talbot effect were investigated in detail. Non-negligible systematic errors induced by an X-ray camera were identified and a method to eliminate the systematic error was proposed. Systematic-error-free measurements of the wavefront error produced by multilayer focusing mirrors with large numerical apertures were demonstrated at the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser. Consequently, wavefront aberration obtained with two different cameras was found to be consistent with an accuracy better than λ/12
KONFLIK BATIN TOKOH YUICHI TANABE PADA NOVEL 'KITCHEN' KARYA BANANA YOSHIMOTO
No full textManusia akan berusaha memutuskan pilihan terbaik dalam hidupnya. Namun pada kenyatannya manusia kerap kali menghadapi kebimbangan dalam menentukan mana keputusan yang baik atau buruk yang pada akhirnya memicu konflik batin dalam dirinya. Konflik batin sering terjadi pada diri tiap orang, contoh paling sederhana adalah ketika seseorang ingin melanjutkan tidurnya di pagi hari namun ia sadar ia harus bangun dan berangkat bekerja. Jika ia memilih tidur ia akan terlambat bekerja, jika ia memilih bangun ia akan bekerja dalam keadaan masih mengantuk. Dalam hal ini tidur disebut dengan gagasan menyenangkan sedangkan bangun untuk bekerja disebut dengan gagasan tidak menyenangkan. Gagasan mana yang akan dipilih ini tentunya memiliki konsekuensinya masing-masing. Penulis mengambil contoh konflik batin yang digambarkan secara mendetail melalui karya sastra berupa novel berjudul Kitchen karya Banana Yoshimoto. Penulis menemukan penggambaran konflik yang dialami oleh tokoh bernama Yuichi Tanabe pada novel ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data adalah studi literatur. Tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah menemukan bentuk dari konflik batin yang dialami Yuichi lalu pilihan mana yang akhirnya diputuskan Yuichi ketika mengalami konflik tersebut. Ditemukan 19 data berisi konflik batin yang dialami Yuichi, dan 14 di antaranya merupakan pilihan dengan sifat tidak menyenangkan. Hal ini disebabkan Yuichi punya pengalaman traumatik karena meninggalnya Eriko, ayah kandung Yuichi yang mengubah dirinya menjadi wanita. Pada akhirnya konflik batin yang dialami Yuichi sirna karena Yuichi membuka dirinya terhadap tokoh utama novel ini yaitu gadis bernama Mikage Sakurai.
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Humans will try to decide the best choice in life. But in reality, humans often face indecision in determining which decision is good or bad, which in turn triggers inner conflict within themselves. Inner conflict often occurs in everyone, the simplest example is when someone wants to continue sleeping in the morning but he realizes he has to get up and go to work. If he chooses to sleep he will be late for work, if he chooses to wake up he will work while still sleepy. In this case sleeping is called a pleasant idea while getting up for work is called an unpleasant idea. Which idea to choose has its own consequences. The author takes an example of inner conflict that is described in detail through a literary work in the form of a novel entitled Kitchen by Banana Yoshimoto. The author finds the depiction of conflict experienced by a character named Yuichi Tanabe in this novel. The method used in data collection is literature study. The purpose of writing this paper is to find the form of inner conflict experienced by Yuichi and then which choice Yuichi finally decided when experiencing the conflict. Found 19 data containing inner conflict experienced by Yuichi, and 14 of them are choices with unpleasant properties. This is because Yuichi had a traumatic experience due to the death of Eriko, Yuichi's biological father who turned into a woman. In the end, the inner conflict experienced by Yuichi disappeared because Yuichi opened himself to the main character of this novel, a girl named Mikage Sakurai
Analysis of Amae's Behavior Reflected in the Characters of Mikage and Yuichi in the Novel "Kitchen" Works Yoshimoto Banana
No full textJapan has a unique culture called "Amae" which describes the behavior of a person's dependence on others for attention and affection. This concept is explored in the novel "Kitchen" by Yoshimoto Banana. The research theory used is the moral approach and sociological aspects in the novel. In this research, the author specializes in describing amae behavior as reflected in the characters Mikage and Yuichi in the novel Kitchen and describes the lives of Mikage and Yuichi with the concept of amae. The results of the research show that amae's behavior is reflected in the characters Mikage and Yuichi and explains the lives of the characters Mikage and Yuichi with the concept of amae used by the author in the novel "Kitchen" through three sub-concepts, namely kuyami (feeling regret), toriiru (attracting attention), and tanomu (relying on oneself). These concepts show that good relationships can provide motivation and survival for the characters Mikage and Yuichi. In the novel, the concept of amae is a real example of how Japanese society interacts, influences and relates to its social environment.48 pagesSkripsi Sarjan
Paleo-tsunami history along the northern Japan Trench: evidence from Noda Village, northern Sanriku coast, Japan
No full textAbstract Throughout history, large tsunamis have frequently affected the Sanriku area of the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region, Japan, which faces the Japan Trench. Although a few studies have examined paleo-tsunami deposits along the Sanriku coast, additional studies of paleo-earthquakes and tsunamis are needed to improve our knowledge of the timing, recurrence interval, and size of historical and pre-historic tsunamis. At Noda Village, in Iwate Prefecture on the northern Sanriku coast, we found at least four distinct gravelly sand layers based on correlation and chronological data. Sedimentary features such as grain size and thickness suggest that extreme waves from the sea formed these layers. Numerical modeling of storm waves further confirmed that even extremely large storm waves cannot account for the distribution of the gravelly sand layers, suggesting that these deposits are highly likely to have formed by tsunami waves. The numerical method of storm waves can be useful to identify sand layers as tsunami deposits if the deposits are observed far inland or at high elevations. The depositional age of the youngest tsunami deposit is consistent with the AD 869 Jogan earthquake tsunami, a possible predecessor of the AD 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami. If this is the case, then the study site currently defines the possible northern extent of the AD 869 Jogan tsunami deposit, which is an important step in improving the tsunami source model of the AD 869 Jogan tsunami. Our results suggest that four large tsunamis struck the Noda site between 1100 and 2700 cal BP. The local tsunami sizes are comparable to the AD 2011 and AD 1896 Meiji Sanriku tsunamis, considering the landward extent of each tsunami deposit
Shortcomings of a parametric VaR approach and nonparametric improvements based on a non-stationary return series model
No full textA non-stationary regression model for financial returns is examined theoretically in this paper. Volatility dynamics are modelled both exogenously and deterministic, captured by a nonparametric curve estimation on equidistant centered returns. We prove consistency and asymptotic normality of a symmetric variance estimator and of a one-sided variance estimator analytically, and derive remarks on the bandwidth decision. Further attention is paid to asymmetry and heavy tails of the return distribution, implemented by an asymmetric version of the Pearson type VII distribution for random innovations. By providing a method of moments for its parameter estimation and a connection to the Student-t distribution we offer the framework for a factor-based VaR approach. The approximation quality of the non-stationary model is supported by simulation studies. --heteroscedastic asset returns,non-stationarity,nonparametric regression,volatility,innovation modelling,asymmetric heavy-tails,distributional forecast,Value at Risk (VaR)
Partial endorsement of “Treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline” by the World Sleep Society
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