224 research outputs found
Paleo-tsunami history along the northern Japan Trench: evidence from Noda Village, northern Sanriku coast, Japan
No full textAbstract Throughout history, large tsunamis have frequently affected the Sanriku area of the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region, Japan, which faces the Japan Trench. Although a few studies have examined paleo-tsunami deposits along the Sanriku coast, additional studies of paleo-earthquakes and tsunamis are needed to improve our knowledge of the timing, recurrence interval, and size of historical and pre-historic tsunamis. At Noda Village, in Iwate Prefecture on the northern Sanriku coast, we found at least four distinct gravelly sand layers based on correlation and chronological data. Sedimentary features such as grain size and thickness suggest that extreme waves from the sea formed these layers. Numerical modeling of storm waves further confirmed that even extremely large storm waves cannot account for the distribution of the gravelly sand layers, suggesting that these deposits are highly likely to have formed by tsunami waves. The numerical method of storm waves can be useful to identify sand layers as tsunami deposits if the deposits are observed far inland or at high elevations. The depositional age of the youngest tsunami deposit is consistent with the AD 869 Jogan earthquake tsunami, a possible predecessor of the AD 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami. If this is the case, then the study site currently defines the possible northern extent of the AD 869 Jogan tsunami deposit, which is an important step in improving the tsunami source model of the AD 869 Jogan tsunami. Our results suggest that four large tsunamis struck the Noda site between 1100 and 2700 cal BP. The local tsunami sizes are comparable to the AD 2011 and AD 1896 Meiji Sanriku tsunamis, considering the landward extent of each tsunami deposit
Taiga Ikeno’s Utilization of Illustrated Books
Get PDFJapanese nanga emerged in the eighteenth century or the mid-Edo Period. The early nanga painters could seldom have opportunities to see actual Chinese Southern-school paintings. It is said that they produced Chinese-like works by referring to books with painting reproductions and books on painting methods like Pa-chung-hua-p’u and Chiehtzŭ-yüan-hua-chuan which were published at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Ch'ing Dynasty. But comparatively few concrete studies have been conducted as to what paintings were made after this kind of books. The present author attempts to carefully analyze the works by Taiga IKENO (1723-1776) from this point of view to shed new light on the artist's manner of performance.
Taiga referred to the following books. His use of Pa-chung-hua-p'u is known from literary sources and the number of the works based on this book is the greatest. As for Chieh-tzŭ-yüan-hua-chuan, many people have noticed that he learned such details as a variety of representations of trees, textural strokes, and the depictions of figures. Not only that, several cases can be pointed out where the whole compositions are borrowed from Vol. 5 of the first edition. Also, the influence of the colouring of the polychrome plates in this manual should not be overlooked. His utilization of Lieh-hsiench'üan-chuan is seen in several examples from a specific phase of his twenties. Some Taiga works based on K'u-shih-hua-p'u can be pointed out, though the relationship between Taiga and this book has been neglected heretofore.
The three books of Pa-chung-hua-p'u, Chieh-tzŭyüan-hua-chuan and K'u-shih-hua-p'u were repeatedly used in his early twenties. On the other hand, there are a few paintings related to each of Sants'ai-t'u-hui, Kêng-chih-t'u and Ming-shan-shêngkai-chi.
He also had access to similar Japanese books. Works which seem to be based on Wakan Meishō Gazu, Ehon Tekagami and Honchō Gaen were found.
Such utilization of the illustrated books by Taiga does not infer a scarcity of originality by Taiga. Now that we recognize many excellent Taiga works derived from mediocre compositions in illustrated books, the essence of his individuality and creativity should be understood in this kind of production mechanism. Those illustrated books were indispensable in that they often served as starting points of his aspiraiton.journal articl
Two Visions of the Orchid Pavilion Gathering: A Reconsideration of the Socio-Political Significance of the Paintings by Kano Sansetsu and Ikeno Taiga in the Tokugawa Period (1615 - 1868)
Get PDFThis is a comparative study that focuses on two Tokugawa-era Japanese paintings by Kano Sansetsu (1590-1651) and Ikeno Taiga (1723-1776), both of whom depicted the theme of Rantei (Lanting in Chinese, meaning the Orchid Pavilion Gathering), a popular subject based on the refined pastimes of Chinese literati. Although these paintings illustrate the same theme, they are clearly distinct: the work of Sansetsu exemplifies the orthodox Kano School, while that of Taiga represents the heterodox Nanga School. This paper uses an analysis of these paintings to investigate how the different visualizations of political identity were between the "ruling" samurai and the "ruled" commoners classes. The Kano School, patronized by the Tokugawa regime, employed its heavily japanized kanga (Chinese painting) style as a perfect vehicle of the japanized Chinese Neo-Confucianism to propagate its authority of rulership. The Nanga School developed among the commoners while they were establishing their own cultural identity during a quest for a new social order. Based on the heterodoxical Confucian teaching, it manifested rebellion against the Tokugawa militarism. In doing so, Nanga artists deliberately avoided the Kano style but directly pursued the artistic inspiration after the Chinese scholarly tradition. This paper concludes that these two versions of the Rantei paintings reflect two social visions: a Kano social order in which the samurai tradition justified the hereditary right to power, wealth, and their ruling status; and a Nanga society in which commoners --- through education --- could be part of the ruling class.M.A
Snowmobile and reindeer in the appropriation of the taiga space
No full textРассмотрена стратегия освоения таежного пространства чириндинскими диковщиками.The article discusses how the snowmobile allows the groups of taiga hunters who gave up reindeer herding to master vast geographical distances. It would seem that mechanical transport poorly compares poorly with reindeer because it requires continuous refuel which is impossible to produce in taiga. The source from outside is necessary. Nevertheless, the author shows that reindeer hunters from the settlement of Chirinda cover longer distances on snowmobiles during the hunting expeditions, than reindeer herders from the settlement of Sovrechka cover during of their annual migration. Chirinda people’s spatial strategy consists of hunting on remote territories with a large supply of gasoline and spare parts for the snowmobile with them. It permits them to refuel in other settlements on their way back while they are far from home. It is possible only on condition of the regular sales of the hunting products, which allows hunters getting necessary components in abundance
Qualifying work: improving imagination in 5-7 year olds by introducing them to literature
No full textKvalifikācijas darbs: 5-7 gadīgu bērnu iztēles sekmēšana literāro darbu iepazīšanas procesā pirmsskolā. Darba autore: Taiga Freimane Zinātniskā vadītāja: Gunta Siliņa – Jasjukeviča Darba apjoms: 49 lpp, 33 bibliogrāfiskie nosaukumi, 10 tabulas, 6 pielikumi. Darbs izstrādāts 5-7 gadīgu bērnu iztēles rosināšanai literāro darbu iepazīšanas procesā. Iztēle kā izziņas procesa sastāvdaļa. Literāro darbu nozīme iztēles rosināšanā. Metodes un paņēmieni iztēles rosināšanā divās X pirmsskolas grupās. Darba procesā parādīts, ka ar literāro darbu palīdzību var rosināt pirmsskolas vecuma bērniem radoši attīstīt iztēli ( zīmējot, aplicējot, veidojot, attēlojot kustībā.) Atslēgas vārdi : iztēle, literārie darbi pirmsskolā, bērnu radošā darbība pirmsskolā. Pētījuma mērķis: teorētiski un praktiski pētīt pirmsskolas vecuma bērnu iztēles attīstīšanas iespējas literāro darbu iepazīšanas procesā. Pētījuma metodes: teorētiskā analīze, pedagoģiskā novērošana, skolotāju intervijas, bērnu iztēles izpēte radošajos darbos, darba pieredzes apkopošana un analizēšana. Pētījuma bāze: X pirmsskolas 5-7 gadīgo bērnu grupiņās.Qualifying work: improving imagination in 5-7 year olds by introducing them to literature. Author: Taiga Freimane Scientific supervisor: Gunta Siliņa- Jasjukeviča Volume: 49 pages, 33 bibliographical terms, 10 tables, 6 annexes. Purpose for this research is to animate imagination in the process of familiarising literature to preschool children. 1. Imagination as a part of cognitive processes 2. Literatures significance in stimulating imagination. 3. Techniques and methods used in two X preschool group's to encourage creativity. Research reveals that by introducing literature to preschool pupils it can improve and help develop their creative thinking and imagination. Key words: imagination, literary works at preschool, kids creative at preschool. Main goal: to examine in theory and practically possibilities of imagination improvements. Research methods: theoretical analysis, observations in classroom, interviews with teachers, analysing imagination in children's creative works, reviewing and reflecting acquired experience. Research subjects: X preschool 5-7 year old pupils
Studies on cooperative breeding of the cichlid Neolamprologus meeli inhabiting sandy bottom in Lake Tanganyika with a discussion of individual recognition in fish
No full textA review of exotic earthworm observations in the Canadian boreal forest and taiga zones
Get PDFIn the last decades, concerns have emerged that boreal forests could convert from a carbon sink to a carbon source, thus accentuating climate change. Although forest fire is generally mentioned as the main factor that could cause the boreal forest to transition to a carbon source, other factors, such as exotic earthworm activity, could also play an important role. Invasive exotic earthworms can also affect nutrient cycling, biodiversity and forest dynamics. In this context, a better knowledge of the distribution of exotic earthworms can help understand the likely changes in the ecosystems that they have colonized. Here we report the results of an exhaustive literature review of the presence of exotic earthworms in the Canadian boreal forest and taiga zones. We identified 230 sectors containing 14 earthworm species (11 exotic, 2 native and 1 putative native) in 6 provinces and 3 territories across Canada’s boreal forest and taiga zone. We also report 23 as-yet unpublished observations from the province of Quebec. We note the presence of earthworms in environments (acid soils, harsh climate) that were historically considered inadequate for their survival. This suggests that the portion of Canada’s boreal forests suitable for their presence or colonization is larger than what was previously believed. This study represents the first compilation of exotic earthworm presence in this large northern area. Factors that could affect their distribution and potential effects on boreal ecosystems are also discussed. Globally, several earthworm species seem to be overcoming the previously assumed limitation by temperature and pH.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Everyday Life at a Provincial School in the 1930s: The Stalinist Way Newspaper in the Town of Taiga, West Siberia
Get PDFThe article describes the school education in the town of Taiga, West Siberia, during the accelerated construction of socialism in the 1930s. The research relied on a local newspaper called The Stalinist Way. The author used the historical and anthropological approach based on the principles of total history. The key task was to reconstruct the everyday life of the local community in the context of the Soviet cultural revolution. The analysis made it possible to summarize the unique testimonies of ordinary people about various aspects of school life, teachers, their role in the community, and relations with the local authorities. The findings expand the understanding of the regional history of Western Siberia in the XX century and the all-Russian processes at the local level. This article contributes to the domestic theory and methodology of everyday life studies. It also adds a new, heuristic value to the Soviet periodical press as a historical source, as well as reveals new prospects for anthropological criticism
Natural reduced water suppressed anxiety and protected the heightened oxidative stress in rats
No full textKoji Masuda, Yoshihiro Tanaka, Masayuki Kanehisa, Taiga Ninomiya, Ayako Inoue, Haruka Higuma, Chiwa Kawashima, Mari Nakanishi, Kana Okamoto, Jotaro Akiyoshi Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-Machi, Oita, Japan Background: In Japan, the effects of reduced water, such as hydrogen-rich electrolyzed reduced water and natural reduced water, like Hita Tenryosui water®, have been examined. The purpose of the present study was to identify the role of natural reduced water in anxiety and blood biochemical analysis.Materials and methods: Natural reduced water and distilled water were administered to rats for 180 consecutive days, and their effect on anxiety-like behavior and depression was examined by using elevated plus maze, light/dark, forced swimming, and conditioned fear tests. Before and after administration of natural reduced or distilled water, we performed blood and urine analyses.Results: Natural reduced water exhibited anxiolytic-like effects in the conditioned fear and elevated plus maze tests. The mean levels of urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the natural reduced water were significantly lower than the distilled water group. Natural reduced water group also showed decrease in blood–urea nitrogen levels compared with the distilled water group.Conclusion: These results indicate that natural reduced water may decrease anxiety-related behaviors and prevent heightened oxidative stress. Keywords: urea nitrogen, depression, Hita Tenryosui, conditioned fear, elevated plus maze, 8-OHd
Condition-dependent sex allocation by clones of a galling aphid
Get PDFLocal mate competition (LMC) has been postulated to be the primary factor of female-biased sex allocation. In animals such as aphids that exhibit seasonal alternations of clonal and sexual reproduction, there is a high possibility of intra-clonal mating and LMC. This possibility is more plausible for more fecund clones, but out-breeding is predicted for less fecund clones. We hypothesize that clones that are more fecund will gain higher fitness returns by reducing investment in males because of more intense LMC among clonal males. We tested this hypothesis by elucidating the clonal sex allocation patterns of the galling aphid Kaltenbachiella japonica, in which inbreeding and LMC appear to be common. Winged mothers that emerge from a gall, belonging to the same clone, produced males and sexual females asexually on a branch, without dispersing to other trees. The heavier the gall, the more winged mothers were produced from the gall. Individual mothers produced a constant number of males and a variable number of females. The clonal sex allocation to males was 39.8%, on average, and decreased with increasing gall weight. This result showed that clones that were more fecund exhibited more female-biased sex allocation and thus supported our hypothesis. Furthermore, our results corroborated Stubblefield and Seger's hypothesis for sex allocation in patch structure rather than Yamaguchi's constant male hypothesis. We conclude that K. japonica clones are able to adjust their sex allocation patterns adaptively depending on the quality of resources in the galls
- …
