15 research outputs found
Food supplementation does not increase demographic rates in a passerine species of conservation concern
No full textVolume: 10Start Page: 25End Page: 4
The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relationship for SG Galaxies and the "Condensed" Baryon Fraction of Galaxies
No full textaccepted for publication in AJWe combine data from the Spitzer Survey for Stellar Structure in Galaxies (SG), a recently calibrated empirical stellar mass estimator from Eskew et al., and an extensive database of HI spectral line profiles to examine the baryonic Tully-Fisher (BTF) relation. We find 1) that the BTF has lower scatter than the classic Tully-Fisher (TF) relation and is better described as a linear relationship, confirming similar previous results, 2) that the inclusion of a radial scale in the BTF decreases the scatter but only modestly, as seen previously for the TF relation, and 3) that the slope of the BTF, which we find to be ( log log ), implies that on average a nearly constant fraction () of all baryons expected to be in a halo are "condensed" onto the central region of rotationally supported galaxies. The condensed baryon fraction, , is, to our measurement precision, nearly independent of galaxy circular velocity (our sample spans circular velocities, , between 60 and 250 km s, but is extended to km s using data from the literature). The observed galaxy-to-galaxy scatter in this fraction is generally a factor of 2 despite fairly liberal selection criteria. These results imply that cooling and heating processes, such as cold vs. hot accretion, mass loss due to stellar winds, and AGN driven feedback, to the degree that they affect the global galactic properties involved in the BTF, are independent of halo mass for galaxies with km/s and typically introduce no more than a factor of two range in the resulting . Recent simulations by Aumer et al. of a small sample of disk galaxies are in excellent agreement with our data, suggesting that current simulations are capable of reproducing the global properties of individual disk galaxies
Using distribution models to test alternative hypotheses about a species’ environmental limits and recovery prospects
No full textDistribution models are commonly used to generalise across species distributions, to project future potential range changes, and to identify potential areas for species reintroductions and recovery plans. Building several models that incorporate different potential causal factors is a useful way of formalising alternative hypotheses. We developed a series of models to test hypotheses about the factors influencing the distribution of a species of conservation importance – the hen harrier Circus cyaneus.
A climate-based model using continental distribution data was consistent with the continental distribution and observational studies in Britain. According to the climate-model the parts of Britain occupied by the hen harrier are the least climatically suitable.
Habitat-based models using detailed distribution data from seven Scottish areas explained the recent British distribution well, with birds largely confined to heather dominated areas. These patterns were inconsistent with historical data on the species’ distribution, its habitat use in other parts of its range and with the climate-based model.
Our burn intensity index of gamekeeper activity was highly correlated with climatic suitability within the best 25% of 10 km squares by modelled habitat suitability, negatively associated with the productivity data and associated with a decrease in abundances between 1998 and 2004. Gamekeeper activity may be keeping hen harriers out of the most climatically suitable areas with habitat similar to that which they currently occupy within Britain and or keeping the population numbers too low and isolated for the natural re-expansion of the species into parts of the range where it was historically extirpated
Development and implementation of guidelines for the management of depression: a systematic review
No full textObjective: To evaluate the development and implementation of clinical practice guidelines for the management of depression globally. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of existing guidelines for the management of depression in adults with major depressive or bipolar disorder. For each identified guideline, we assessed compliance with measures of guideline development quality (such as transparency in guideline development processes and funding, multidisciplinary author group composition, systematic review of comparative efficacy research) and implementation (such as quality indicators). We compared guidelines from low- and middle-income countries with those from high-income countries. Findings: We identified 82 national and 13 international clinical practice guidelines from 83 countries in 27 languages. Guideline development processes and funding sources were explicitly specified in a smaller proportion of guidelines from low- and middle-income countries (8/29; 28%) relative to high-income countries (35/58; 60%). Fewer guidelines (2/29; 7%) from low- and middle-income countries, relative to high-income countries (22/58; 38%), were authored by a multidisciplinary development group. A systematic review of comparative effectiveness was conducted in 31% (9/29) of low- and middle-income country guidelines versus 71% (41/58) of high-income country guidelines. Only 10% (3/29) of low- and middle-income country and 19% (11/58) of high-income country guidelines described plans to assess quality indicators or recommendation adherence. Conclusion: Globally, guideline implementation is inadequately planned, reported and measured. Narrowing disparities in the development and implementation of guidelines in low- and middle-income countries is a priority. Future guidelines should present strategies to implement recommendations and measure feasibility, cost-effectiveness and impact on health outcomes
White matter disturbances in major depressive disorder : a coordinated analysis across 20 international cohorts in the ENIGMA MDD working group
No full textAltres ajuts: The ENIGMA-Major Depressive Disorder working group gratefully acknowledges support from the NIH Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) award (U54 EB020403 to PMT) and NIH grant R01 MH116147 (PMT). LS is supported by an NHMRC MRFF Career Development Fellowship (APP1140764). We wish to acknowledge the patients and control subjects that have particiaped int the study. We thank Rosa Schirmer, Elke Schreiter, Reinhold Borschke and Ines Eidner for image acquisition and data preparation, and Anna Oliynyk for quality checks. We thank Dorothee P. Auer and F. Holsboer for initiation of the RUD study. We wish to acknowledge the patients and control subjects that have particiaped int the study. We thank Rosa Schirmer, Elke Schreiter, Reinhold Borschke and Ines Eidner for image acquisition and data preparation, and Anna Oliynyk for quality checks. We thank Dorothee P. Auer and F. Holsboer for initiation of the RUD study. NESDA: The infrastructure for the NESDA study (www.nesda.nl) is funded through the Geestkracht program of the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (Zon-Mw, grant number 10-000-1002) and is supported by participating universities (VU University Medical Center, GGZ inGeest, Arkin, Leiden University Medical Center, GGZ Rivierduinen, University Medical Center Groningen) and mental health care organizations, see www.nesda.nl. M-JvT was supported by a VENI grant (NWO grant number 016.156.077). UCSF: This work was supported by the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (formerly NARSAD) to TTY; the National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH085734 to TTY; K01MH117442 to TCH) and by the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (PDF-1-064-13) to TCH. Stanford: This work was supported by NIMH Grants R01MH59259 and R37101495 to IHG. MS is partially supported by an award funded by the Phyllis and Jerome Lyle Rappaport Foundation. Muenster: This work was funded by the German Research Foundation (SFB-TRR58, Projects C09 and Z02 to UD) and the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) of the medical faculty of Münster (grant Dan3/012/17 to UD). Marburg: This work was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, grant FOR2107 DA1151/5-1 and DA1151/5-2 to UD; KI 588/ 14-1, KI 588/14-2 to TK; KR 3822/7-1, KR 3822/7-2 to AK; JA 1890/ 7-1, JA 1890/7-2 to AJ). IMH-MDD: This work was supported by the National Healthcare Group Research Grant (SIG/15012) awarded to KS. Barcelona: This study was funded by two grants of the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, by the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM). The author is funded through 'Miguel Servet' research contract (CP16-0020), co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (2016-2019). QTIM: We thank the twins and singleton siblings who gave generously of their time to participate in the QTIM study. We also thank the many research assistants, radiographers, and IT support staff for data acquisition and DNA sample preparation. This study was funded by White matter disturbances in major depressive disorder: a coordinated analysis across 20 international. . . 1521 the National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (RO1 HD050735); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (Award 1U54EB020403-01, Subaward 56929223); National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (Project Grants 496682, 1009064). NIH ENIGMA-BD2K U54 EB020403 (Thompson); R01 MH117601 (Jahanshad/Schmaal). Magdeburg: M.L. and M.W. are funded by SFB 779. Bipolar Family Study: This study has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013). This paper reflects only the author's views and the European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. This work was also supported by a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award (104036/Z/14/Z). Minnesota Adolescent Depression Study: The study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH090421), the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, the University of Minnesota Graduate School, the Minnesota Medical Foundation, and the Biotechnology Research Center (P41 RR008079 to the Center for Magnetic Resonance Research), University of Minnesota, and the Deborah E. Powell Center for Women's Health Seed Grant, University of Minnesota. Dublin: This study was supported by Science Foundation Ireland through a Stokes Professorhip grant to TF. MPIP: The MPIP Sample comprises patients included in the Recurrent Unipolar Depression (RUD) Case-Control study at the clinic of the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, German. The RUD study was supported by GlaxoSmithKline.Alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, previous findings have been inconsistent, partially due to low statistical power and the heterogeneity of depression. In the largest multi-site study to date, we examined WM anisotropy and diffusivity in 1305 MDD patients and 1602 healthy controls (age range 12-88 years) from 20 samples worldwide, which included both adults and adolescents, within the MDD Working Group of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium. Processing of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data and statistical analyses were harmonized across sites and effects were meta-analyzed across studies. We observed subtle, but widespread, lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in adult MDD patients compared with controls in 16 out of 25 WM tracts of interest (Cohen's d between 0.12 and 0.26). The largest differences were observed in the corpus callosum and corona radiata. Widespread higher radial diffusivity (RD) was also observed (all Cohen's d between 0.12 and 0.18). Findings appeared to be driven by patients with recurrent MDD and an adult age of onset of depression. White matter microstructural differences in a smaller sample of adolescent MDD patients and controls did not survive correction for multiple testing. In this coordinated and harmonized multisite DTI study, we showed subtle, but widespread differences in WM microstructure in adult MDD, which may suggest structural disconnectivity in MDD
Cannabinoids for the control of experimental multiple sclerosis
No full textPhDThere have been numerous studies reporting that cannabinoids, both exogenous
and endogenous, have a potential beneficial function during incidences of
neurological damage. Using gene knockout mice and cannabinoid-selective agents,
this study demonstrates the diverse actions of cannabinoids with a particular focus
on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple
sclerosis. The results presented here report on the action of stimulators of
cannabinoid receptors in the nervous system (CNS) on; immune function, as a
mechanism of suppressing autoimmune attack of the central nervous system, as
agents to suppress neurodegenerative events leading to disease progression and as
agents that can control signs of disease that occur as the consequences of
autoimmune neurodegeneration such as spasticity. Tetrahydrocannabinol the
psychoactive component in cannabis and the CB1 cannabinoid receptor appears to
be central to many of the therapeutic actions of cannabis but also to the side-effect
potential of cannabinoid drugs. This study reports on methods to avoid
psychoactive side-effects of conventional brain-penetrant CB1 receptor agonists
whilst exploiting the therapeutic potential of the cannabinoid system in order to
control spasticity. This was achieved by targeting mechanisms of endocannabinoid
degradation, particularly using fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors. Furthermore,
this study also reports the development of novel cannabinoid compounds that are
excluded from the brain and inhibit spasticity and also demonstrates the
mechanism of exclusion of CNS-excluded cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists. This
study provides further evidence for the efficacy of cannabinoid compounds during
an ongoing CNS disease and also their efficacy for treating the consequences of
CNS autoimmune disease, which hopefully, will give additional impetus for further
clinical investigations of cannabinoid agents in not only multiple sclerosis but also
other neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS
Heel Pressure Ulcers: a study of wound healing
No full textBackground
Heels are a common location for pressure ulcers (PUs); they may be physiologically different to other PU sites and their healing is poorly understood.
Aim
To summarise the effects of support surfaces and identify prognostic factors in healing heel PUs.
Objectives
1. Review the effects of support surfaces for heel PU healing
2. Identify factors which independently impact on heel PU healing
3. Describe the characteristics of patients, current management practices and progress of heel PUs
Methods
Systematic review of the evidence of effectiveness for pressure relieving devices in the treatment of heel PUs.
Prospective cohort study of patients with heel PUs ≥ Grade 2 in an acute hospital and followed for 18 months or up till healed.
Results
Systematic review identified 467 potentially relevant articles, retrieved 70 for screening and included 1in a narrative synthesis. No recommendations for practice could be made.
Cohort study recruited 140 people with 183 heel ulcers. 77 (42%) ulcers healed, 88 (48%) did not heal due to death, 5 (3%) were on limbs subsequently amputated, 11 (6%) were unhealed at 18 months, 2 (1%) were lost to follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models identified 12 significant (p≤0.2) variables affecting time to healing in the univariate analysis. Eight entered the multivariate model: 2 reached significance (p≤0.1): severe (cf superficial) ulcers and the presence of (cf the absence) peripheral vascular disease (PVD) reduced the chance of healing.
Ulcer area did not change in a uniform manner. Treatments e.g. support surfaces and dressings were inconsistently used. Many patients experienced non-pressure ulcer related infections during the study.
Conclusion
It is not known if support surfaces aid heel PU healing. The severity of the PU and the presence of PVD are independent prognostic factors for healing. Further work is needed to explore prognostic factors which change over time
Myśli nocne, Treny, albo Myśli nocne o życiu, śmierci i nieśmiertelności, Sąd Ostateczny. Poema = The Complaint: or Night-Rhoughts on Life, Death & Immortality. Poem on the Last Day
No full textThe present volume offers the Polish reader the most representative poetic works of Edward Young (1683-1765), presented in a critical edition, with footnotes and scholarly commentaries. Thereby, by reintroducing the masterpieces that are often compared with James Macphersons The Works of Ossian, the editors fill in a significant gap in the history of pre-Romanticism in Poland. The volume includes the following works by Young in the rendition of Fortunat Rydzewski: Myśli nocne o życiu, śmierci i nieśmiertelności; Poemat o Sądzie Ostatecznym, Listy moralne o rozkoszy and Modlitwę rozpustnego libertyna, which, in fact, are Polish translations of the French paraphrases of the originals, Les nuits d'Young, by Pierre Letourneur (1737-1788). Additionally, it features the Polish translations of Poem on the Last Day and the first book of Night Thoughts, both made by Franciszek Ksawery Dmochowski. The second part of the volume comprises the English versions of Young’s poems in their original forms (The Complaint, or Night-Thoughts on Life, Death & Immortality and Poem on the Last Day). The texts in Polish were prepared and edited by Łukasz Zabielski, PhD, a researcher at Książnica Podlaska Library in Białystok; the English versions were prepared and edited by Jacek Partyka, PhD, a researcher and Assistant Professor at the Institute of Modern Languages, the university of Białystok. The introductory notes were written by Professor Mikołaj Sokołowski, a researcher in Romanticism, and Polish-Italian as well as Polish-English literary relations, director of the institute of Literary studies, Polish Academy of sciences, and by Łukasz Zabielski. The edition of the whole volume was supervised by Professor Emeritus Halina Krukowska, a researcher in romanticism, who initiated the scholarly series ‘Dark romanticism’ and was its first editor-in-chief, and by Jarosław Ławski, a researcher in the imagination of eighteenth- and twenty-first century culture, Head of Chair in Philological Studies ‘East- West’, the University of Białystok.
The present volume does not include the French versions of Young’s both poems - as it has been confirmed by philological examination, they correspond to Fortunat Rydzewski’s renditions. The Trinitarian from Lublin made a faithful translation of Letournurs paraphrases. Therefore, instead of doubling contents, the editors of the volume have decided to offer the read- er a much broader (and more interesting) perspective on the phenomenon of Young’s writings in the context of the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century. Published as fragments from 1742 to 1745 (the first complete Polish version came out in 1785), Night Thoughts immediately made the big time, remaining an artistic inspiration in the whole Europe for the years to come. The editors of the Scholarly Publishing Series ‘Dark Romanticism’ hope that the present bilingual edition will initiate the process of regaining Edward Young for the Polish literature and culture, and will reintroduce Night Thoughts (and other works of the poet) into the mainstream twenty-first century academic reflection.Praca naukowa finansowana w ramach programu Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego pod nazwą „Narodowy Program Rozwoju Humanistyki” w latach 2012-2017.Grant Narodowego Programu Rozwoju Humanistyki, projekt pn. Krytyczna edycja wybitnych, zapomnianych dzieł XIX-wiecznej polskiej literatury romantycznej w Naukowej Serii Wydawniczej „Czarny Romantyzm” (grant 0003/NPRM2/H11/81/2013).Łukasz Zabielski: [email protected] YOUNG (1683-1765) to angielski poeta, teoretyk i krytyk literacki, teolog protestancki, kaznodzieja. Urodził się w 1683 roku w Upham nieopodal Winchester w wielkiej Brytanii jako syn Edwarda Younga (zm. 1705), późniejszego dziekana katedralnego kościoła w salisbury (wiltshire, Anglia). Kształcił się najpierw w winchester College (Hampshire), Corpus Christi College (Oxford) i New College (Oxford), a następnie - dzięki protekcji Arcybiskupa Thomasa Tenisona (1636-1715) - w All Souls College (Oxford), gdzie w 1719 roku zdobył stopień Doctor of Canon Law (doktor prawa kanonicznego).
Za debiut literacki Younga uznaje się List do Lorda Lansdownea (wyd. 1713; adresat listu to George Granville [1667-1735]). Rozgłos przyniósł mu Poemat o Sądzie Ostatecznym (1713), dedykowany królowej Annie (1665-1714). Wkrótce ukazują się jego kolejne dzieła: Siła religii, albo Miłość rozgromiona (The Force of Religion: or Vanquished Love, 1714) - poemat o egzekucji Lady Jane Grey (1536-1554) i jej męża, dedykowany Księżnej Salisbury; listy do Josepha Addisona (1762-1719) pt. Na późną śmierć Królowej i wstąpienie na tron Jego Wysokości (On the late Queens Death and His Majestys Accession to the Throne, 1714). W 1719 roku wystawiono jego sztukę Busiris, a w 1721 Revenge (Zemsta) - obie na deskach Królewskiego Teatru Drury Lane.
W tym czasie mecenasem Younga został książę Philip Wharton (1698-1731), który miał mu umożliwić członkostwo w Izbie Gmin (House of Commons) w Cirencester. Nadzieje związane z wyborami spełzły na niczym, co dla poety okazało się dotkliwym ciosem tym bardziej, że - pewny sukcesu wyborczego - zrezygnował z proponowanych mu posad na Oxfordzie, a także z dożywotniej pensji, ofiarowanej przez Markizę Exeter w zamian za objęcie funkcji osobistego nauczyciela jej syna. W latach 1725-1728 opublikował Young serię siedmiu satyr Pasja uniwersalna (The Universal Passion), które ukazały się również w wydaniu jednotomowym jako Miłość sławy, Pasja uniwersalna (Love of Fame, the Universal Passion, 1728).
W 1728 roku zdobył Young oficjalny tytuł kapelana królewskiego, a od 1730 roku zamieszkał na stałe w welwyn (Hertfordshire). Ożenił się z Lady Elizabeth Lee (1693-1739), córką Edwarda H. Lee (1663-1716; pierwszy earl Lichfield), wdową po pułkowniku Francisie Lee. Jej córka (pasierbica Younga) wyszła za mąż za Henry’ego Temple, syna pierwszego wicehrabiego Palmerston. Pani Temple zmarła w roku 1736 w Lyonie - w trakcie odbywanej wraz ze swoim ojczymem podróży do Nicei - i tu została pochowana. Jej mąż oraz Lady Elizabeth zmarli niedługo potem (około roku 1740). Z tych bolesnych dla Younga wydarzeń zrodził się poemat Treny, albo Myśli nocne o życiu, śmierci i nieśmiertelności (The Complaint, or Night Thoughts on Life, Death and Immortality, 1742-1745). Dzieło to uczyniło poetę-kaznodzieję sławnym nie tylko w Anglii, ale całej Europie. Przetłumaczono je na kilkanaście języków, w tym na: niemiecki, francuski, włoski, hiszpański, portugalski, szwedzki, rosyjski i polski.
Bohaterowie Myśli nocnych, zgodnie z wyjaśnieniami Younga oraz ustaleniami badaczy, mają być wzorowani na postaciach historycznych. Narcyza to Pani Temple, a więc pasierbica Younga. Filander to albo Pan Temple, albo Thomas Tickell (1685-1740), bliski przyjaciel poety, który zmarł trzy miesiące po pogrzebie Lady Elizabeth Lee (w poemacie jako Lucja). Najbardziej zagadkową jest postać Lorenza, za którego początkowo uznawano syna Younga, Fredericka, lecz ten w momencie wydania Myśli nocnych miał zaledwie 8 lat.
Choć dzięki poematowi o nocy zyskał Young międzynarodową sławę, do końca życia unikał ludzi i odrzucał ofiarowywane mu godności. Poróżnił się też ze swym synem, który wbrew nakazom ojca-pastora prowadzić miał życie dalekie od protestanckiej normy moralnej. Do zgody pomiędzy mężczyznami doszło bezpośrednio przed śmiercią Younga.
Sukces Myśli nocnych zmotywował poetę do intensywnej pracy. W roku 1753 na deskach Drury Lane wystawiono jego sztukę Bracia (Brothers). Szybko pojawiły kolejne dzieła: Niezmyślony Centaur: pięć listów do przyjaciela (The Centaur not Fabulous; in Five Letters to a Friend, 1755) oraz kazanie wygłoszone przed królem Argument potwierdzający Prawdziwość Jego [Chrystusa] Religii (An Argument for the Truth of His [Chrisfs] Religion, 1758). W 1759 roku ukazuje się głośny traktat teoretycznoliteracki Propozycje dotyczące oryginalnej twórczości w liście do autora „Sir Charlesa Grandisona” (Conjectures on Original Composition in a Letter to the Author of „Sir Charles Grandison”). Ostatnim dziełem Younga był poemat Rezygnacja (Resignation, 1762), który jednak nie spotkał się z uznaniem czytelników i krytyków literackich.
Edward Young zmarł 5 kwietnia 1765 roku w swojej parafii w Welwyn, gdzie został też pochowany.Aleksandrowska E., Elizabeth Rowe. Prekursorka europejskiego preromantyzmu na łamach Monitorowych i jej tłumacz, „Pamiętnik Literacki” 1972, z. 4.Bystydzieńska G., Edward Young’s „Night Thoughts”, Gdańsk 1995.Bystydzieńska G., Między Oświeceniem a Romantyzmem. Studium o twórczości Edwarda Younga, Lublin 1982.Bystydzieńska G., Poetyka przestrzeni w „Myślach nocnych” Edwarda Younga, [s:] Z problemów poetyki historycznej, red. L. Ludorowski, Lublin 1984.Bystydzieńska G., Wizja końca świata w poemacie „Sąd Ostateczny” Edwarda Younga, [w:] Studia z literatury polskiej i obcej, Lublin 1988.Europejskie źródła myśli estetyczno-literackiej polskiego Oświecenia. Antologia wypowiedzi pisarzy francuskich, niemieckojęzycznych i angielskich 1674–1810, oprac. T. Kostkiewiczowa i Z. Goliński, Warszawa 1997.Grabowski T., Krytyka literacka w Polsce w epoce pseudoklasycyzmu, Kraków 1918.Kasperski E., Romantyzm i poprzednicy. Wokół dyskursów prefundacyjnych, „Świat Tekstów. Rocznik Słupski” 2012, nr 10.Kostkiewiczowa T., Polski wiek świateł. Obszary swoistości, Wrocław 2002.Krasicki I., Zbiór potrzebniejszych wiadomości porządkiem alfabetu ułożonych, t. II , Warszawa–Lwów 1781.Krukowska H., Noc romantyczna. Mickiewicz, Malczewski, Goszczyński. Interpretacje, wyd. II , Gdańsk 2011.Kuczkowski B., Youngizm, [hasło w:] Słownik polskiej krytyki literackiej 1764–1918. Pojęcia – terminy – zjawiska – przekroje, red.
J. Bachórz, G. Borkowska, T. Kostkiewiczowa, M. Rudkowska i M. Strzyżewski, t. 2: N–Z, Toruń–Warszawa 2016, s. 791-798Lovejoy A.O., Wielki łańcuch bytu. Studium historii pewnej idei, przeł. A. Przybysławski, Gdańsk 2009.O poezji i poetach angielskich. Z dziennika „Reve Encyclopedique”, „Pamiętnik Warszawski” 1822, t. I, s. 24-35.Pietraszko S., Franciszek Ksawery Dmochowski. Wśród preromantyków. Nad Youngiem, [w:] tenże, Doktryna literacka polskiego klasycyzmu, Wrocław 1966.Pietraszko S., Wstęp, [w:] F. Dmochowski, Sztuka rymotwórcza, Wrocław 1956.Piwińska Marta, Rozpaczający Starzec, „Teksty. Teoria literatury, krytyka, interpretacja” 1979, nr 1(43), s. 65-84.Piwińska Marta, Złe wychowanie, Gdańsk 2005.Płuciennik J., Nowożytny indywidualizm a literatura. Wokół hipotez o kreacyjności Edwarda Younga, Kraków 2006.Sinko Z., Główne drogi i tendencje recepcji piśmiennictwa zachodnioeuropejskiego w literaturze oświecenia polskiego, [w:] Problemy literatury polskiej okresu oświecenia, red. Z. Goliński, Wrocław–Warszawa–Kraków–Gdańsk 1973, s. 107-185.Sinko Z., Youngizm, hasło w: Słownik literatury polskiego Oświecenia, red. T. Kostkiewiczowa, Wrocław–Warszawa–Kraków–Gdańsk 1977.Sinko Z., Z zagadnień preromantyzmu angielskiego (termin i zjawisko), „Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny” 1977, z. 4.Sinko Z., Z zagadnień recepcji „Sądu Ostatecznego” i „Myśli nocnych” Edwarda Younga, „Pamiętnik Literacki” 1972, z. 2.Sokołowski M., Techniki asocjacyjne. Angielskojęzyczne „poematy o wzroście ludzkiego umysłu” od XVIII do XX wieku, Warszawa 2007.Szyjkowski M., Edwarda Younga „Myśli nocne” w poezji polskiej, Kraków 1916.Wstęp do tłumaczenia „Nocy II” Younga, „Dziennik Wileński” 1822, t. 2, nr 8, s. 438-439.Żbikowski P., Klasycyzm postanisławowski. Zarys problematyki, Warszawa 1999.Aubin R. A., Three Notes on „Graveyard” Poetry, „Studies in Philology” 1935, vol. 32.Bach S., Degenring F., From Shakespearean Nights to Light Pollution. (Artificial) Light in Anglophone Literature, [w:] Urban Lighting, Light Pollution and Society, ed. J. Meier, U. Hasenöhrl, K. Krause, M. Pottharst, New York 2015.Baker J., ‘Strange Contrary’s’. Figure of Melancholy in Eighteenth-Century Poetry, [w:] Melancholy Experience in Literature of the Long Eighteenth Century. Before Depression 1660–1800, ed. A. Ingram, S. Sim et al., Palgrave Macmillan UK , 2011.Baldensperger F., Young et ses „Nuits” en France, [w:] Études d’histoire littéraire, Paris 1907.Brönnimann W., Edward Young’s Estranged Readers, [w:] On Strangeness, ed. M. Bridges, Tübingen 1990.Brown S., A letter from Edward Young to Caroline Lee Haviland. Some Biographical Implications, “Philological Quarterly” 1989, vol. 68 (2).Courthope W. J., A History of English Poetry, t. 5, London 1919.Davison C. M., Gothic Literature 1764–1824, University of Wales Press, Cardiff 2009.Dewey N., The Masks of Melancholy, „The Yale University Library Gazette” 1972, vol. 46.Dolan J., Gray to Cowper: Cat to Cast-away via ‘Night Thoughts’, [w:] Poetic Occasion from Milton to Wordsworth,
„Early Modern Literature in History” 2000.Draper J. W., The Funeral Elegy and the Rise of English Romanticism, London 1967.Forster H., Edward Young. The Poet of the „Night Thoughts” 1683–1765, Alburgh Harleston Norfolk 1986.Groot H.B. de, The Ouroboros and the Romantic. A renaissance emblen in Blake, Coleridge and Shelly, „English Studies” 1969, vol. 50.Guthke K.S., Nightmare and Utopia. Extraterrestrial Worlds From Galileo To Goethe, „Early Science and Medicine” 2003, vol. 8, Issue 3.Hall M. S., On Light in Young’s “Night Thoughts”, “Philological Quaterly” 1969, vol. XLVIII , Nr 4.Helmstadter T. H., Blake’s Night Thoughts. Interpretations of Edward Young, „Texas Studies in Literature and Language” 1970, vol. 12.Irlam Sh., Elations. The poetics of enthusiasm in eighteenth-century Britain, Stanford 1999.John Bliss I. St., Edward Young, New York 1969.Keith J., ‘Pre-Romanticism’ and the ends of eighteenth-century poetry, [w:] The Cambridge Companion to Eighteenth-
Century Poetry, ed. Sitter J., Cambridge 2001.Kind J. L., Edward Young in Germany. Historical Surveys, Influence Upon German Literature, Bibliography, Columbia University Press 1906.Krebs A., Edward Young als Dramatiker, Königsberg 1905.Les beautés poétiques d'Édouard Young, traduites en français avec le texte anglais en regard, par Bertrand Barére (...) avec une Notice sur Édouard Young, par J. Evans, Paris 1804.Levin Y., English Literature in Eighteenth-Century Russia, „The Modern Language Review” 1994, vol. 89, Nr 4.Lowry N., Night Thoughts on the gothic novel, „Yale Review” 1962, vol 52.May J., An Unpublished Letter from Edward Young to Mrs Montagu, “Notes and Queries” 1992, vol. 39 (1).May J., Extensive Borrowings from Edward Young in Joseph Mitchell’s Jonah, “Notes and Queries” 1990, vo. 37 (3).May J.E., Edward Young: The Poete of the “Night Thoughts” 1683–1765, “Eighteenth-Century Studies” 1988, vol. 21 (4).May J.E., Threats to Bibliographical and Textual Studies, [w:] Textual Studies and the Enlarged Eighteenth Century: Precision as Profusion, ed. Kevin L. Cope and Robert C. Leitz III, Lewisburg 2012.Mitford J., The Life of Edward Young, [w:] The Poetical Works of Edward Young, t. 1, London 1852.Odell D.W., The Argument of Young’s „Conjectures”, „Studies in Philology” 1981.Oeuvres diverses du docteur Young, traduites de l’anglois par M. Le Tourneur, t. 1, Amsterdam 1772.Pettit H., Edward Young. The Poet of the „Night Thoughts” 1683–1765, Alburgh Harleston Norfolk 1986.Pettit H., The dating of Young’s „Night Thoughts”, „Modern Language Notes” 1940, march.Ripley W. C., „An Age More Curious, Than Devout”. The Counter-Enlightenment Edward Young, „Eighteenth-Century Studies” 2016, vol. 49, Nr 4.Schoeffler H., Die Grabes und Nachtpoesie, [w:] Protestantismus und Literatur, Goettingen 1957.Sena J. F., Melancholic Madness and the Puritans, „Harvard Theological Review” 2011, vol. 656, Issue 3.Shelley H.C., The Life and Letters of Edward Young, Boston 1914.Steinke M.W., Edward Young’s “Conjectures on original composition” in England and Germany, New York 1917.The Complete Works, Poetry and Prose, of the rev. Edward Young LL.D., formerly rector of Welwyn, Hertfordshire, &C., revised and collated with the earliest editions to which is prefixed A Life of the Author, by John Doran, LL .D., London 1854.Thomas W., Le poéte Edward Young (1683–1765), Paris 1901.Van Tieghem P., La Poésie de la nuit et des tombeaux, [w:] Le Préromantisme, t. 2, Paris 1948.Villa-Jimé R., The ‘Graveyard School’: Religious Melancholy in James Hervey’s ‘Meditations among the Tombs’, „IPES. International Papers on English Studies” 2014, vol. 1; podrozdział: Devotional Poetry in the Post-Augustian Age.Wanko Ch., The making of a minor poet: Edwar Young and literary taxonomy, “English Studies” 1991, vo. 72(4).Wickman M., Imitating Eve, Imitating Echo, Imitating Originality. The Critical Reverberations of Sentimental Genius in the Conjectures on Original Composition, “ELH ” 1998, vol. 65 (4), s. 899-928.Евстигнеева М.В., Бутыркина И.С., Лингвистические особенности темы «Жизнь – Смерть» в поэме Эдварда Юнга «The Complaint; Or Night Thoughts On Life, Death And Immortality» («Жалоба, или Ночные Думы О Жизни, Смерти И Бессмертии»), „Современные Тенденции Развития Науки И Технологий” 2015, Nr 1-3.Заборов П. Р., “Ночные размышления”Юнга в ранних русских переводах, [w:] Русская литература XVIII века: Эпоха классицизма. М.; Л., 1964.Строилова А. Г., Опыты первых переводов поэзии Э. Юнга в России, „Текст. Книга. Книгоиздание” 2015, Nr 1 (8)
Web 2.0, PC e EFA: impactes de uma oficina de formação de professores
No full textDoutoramento em Multimédia em EducaçãoAs competências em Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) e o
Pensamento Crítico (PC) são duas das linhas orientadoras da Aprendizagem
ao Longo da Vida (ALV) que reconhecendo que todos os contextos (informais,
não-formais e formais) podem ser de aprendizagem, assumiram no quadro da
Educação e Formação de Adultos (EFA), em Portugal, uma expressividade
plasmada no Referencial de Competências-Chave de Educação e Formação
de Adultos, nível secundário (EFA-NS). Contudo a orientação PC/TIC não tem
sido explicitamente conciliada nas práticas de educação e formação de
adultos.
Neste contexto desenvolveu-se uma Oficina de Formação para
professores/formadores de cursos EFA-NS, na qual se trabalhou a integração
de ferramentas da Web 2.0 com a infusão de PC em materiais/atividades para
cursos EFA-NS. No desenvolvimento da Oficina foram consideradas três
vertentes. Primeira, conceções dos professores sobre EFA/TIC e EFA/PC.
Segunda, a formação sobre PC/TIC. Terceira, produção e implementação de
materiais/atividades com orientação PC/TIC. A componente de trabalho
autónomo da Oficina passou essencialmente pela dinâmica de uma
comunidade online de nome EF@. O grupo de formação era constituído por 17
professores do ensino secundário, e pela investigadora/formadora, autora
deste estudo. Acrescente-se que no conjunto das 10 sessões de trabalho
presencial a investigadora/formadora foi coadjuvada por mais três formadores.
Estudar os impactes da Oficina no desenvolvimento profissional dos
professores, conjuntamente com a avaliação da influência dos
materiais/atividades produzidos (na Oficina) no nível de PC dos alunos,
assumiram-se como as duas questões de investigação a que este estudo
pretendeu dar resposta. Neste sentido estudámos o grupo de professores em
formação – estudo de caso – e o grupo de alunos – plano quasi experimental
do tipo grupo de controlo/experimental, pré/pós-teste, pelo que o
enquadramento da metodologia num estudo misto, predominantemente de
natureza qualitativa, foi a adotada. A recolha e o tratamento de dados foram
feitos mediante várias técnicas – observação, inquérito, análise e testagem –
associadas a diferentes instrumentos: dois questionários, diário de investigador
e Teste de Pensamento Crítico – Cornell (Nível X).
A análise dos dados recolhidos possibilitou a compreensão de como a Oficina
contribui para a reflexão: (i) nas práticas anteriores dos professores; (ii) nas
competências adquiridas na Oficina e (iii) nas práticas implementadas. Ao nível
do PC dos alunos, podemos dizer que os materiais/atividades produzidos na
Oficina influenciaram o nível de PC dos alunos, já que os resultados da média
do PC do pós-teste foram estatisticamente significativos para o grupo
experimental, quando comparado com a média do PC no grupo de controlo.Skills in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Critical
Thinking (CT) are two of the guidelines of Lifelong Learning (LLL)
acknowledging that all learning contexts (informal, formal and non-formal)
learning can be assumed under Adult Education (AE), in Portugal, an
expression enshrined in the Guidelines to Key Competencies for Adult
Education, secondary level. However, the CT/ICT guidance has not explicitly
been accommodated in the practice of adult education.
In this context a training workshop was developed for AE teachers/trainers,
which worked on the integration of Web 2.0 tools with the infusion of CT
activities for AE courses. In developing the workshop three aspects were
considered. First, teachers' conceptions on AE/ICT and AE/CT. Second,
training in CT/ICT. Third, production and implementation of CT/ICT oriented
activities. The autonomous component of the workshop passed mainly through
a dynamic online community with the name EF@. The training group consisted
of 17 secondary school teachers, and the trainer/researcher author of this
study. We underline that in the 10 work sessions the trainer/researcher was
assisted by three trainers.
Studying the impacts of the Workshop in the professional development of
teachers together with assessing of the influence of the activities produced (in
the workshop) at the level of CT students were the two research questions that
this study intended to answer. So we studied the group of teachers – case
study – and the group of students – a quasi-experimental type
control/experimental group, pre/post-test plan. The mixed study methodology,
predominantly qualitative, was the one that seemed most appropriate. The
collection and processing of data were obtained by various techniques -
observation, investigation, analysis and testing – associated with different
instruments: two questionnaires, researcher diary and the Cornell Critical
Thinking Test (Level X).
The analysis of data collected allowed us to understand how the workshop
contributed to the debate: (i) in the previous practices of teachers, (ii) the skills
acquired in the workshop and (iii) implemented in practice. At the level of CT of
the students, we can say that the activities produced in the workshop
influenced the students’ level of CT, since the results of the average CT post
test were statistically significant for the experimental group when compared
with the average of the CT in the control group
