177,328 research outputs found
International Comparisons of R&D Expenditure: Does an R&D PPP Make a Difference?
Full text linkPurchasing power parities (PPPs) for R&D expenditure in 19 manufacturing industries are developed for France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom relative to the United States for the years 1997 and 1987. These PPPs are based on R&D input prices for specific cost categories and differ substantially from current practice of comparing R&D expenditure using GDP PPPs and deflators. After taking into account differences in the relative price of R&D labor and materials, separate PPPs for other R&D cost categories are less essential, and a simpler version using GDP PPPs for these other categories should suffice. Our preferred PPPs are used to compare international R&D costs and intensity. The results suggest that the efforts devoted to R&D in each country are more similar across countries than is apparent using the nominal R&D intensities that are currently the norm.
La mesure de la production bancaire dans les comptes nationaux
No full textMeasurement of Bank Output in the National Accounts.
The measurement of the output of banks in current and constant prices as part of the National Accounts is a contentious topic, partly related to the conventions of the System of National Accounts. This paper provides an introduction to this topic and highlights the points of contention. Results from recent studies are presented that argue how bank output at current prices is overstated in the National Accounts, while real growth in Europe is biased relative to the United States, making cross-country growth comparisons hard to rely on.
Classification JEL : C82, E01, E44, O47.La mesure de la production bancaire à prix courants et constants dans le cadre des comptes nationaux est un sujet controversé, en partie à cause des conventions au sein du système des comptes nationaux. Cet article propose une introduction à cette question et souligne les points discutés. Y sont présentés les résultats d’études récentes qui soutiennent que la production bancaire à prix courants est surestimée dans les comptes nationaux, alors que la croissance réelle en Europe est faussée par rapport aux États-Unis, rendant les comparaisons de croissance entre les pays peu fiables.
Classification JEL : C82, E01, E44, O47.Inklaar Robert. La mesure de la production bancaire dans les comptes nationaux. In: Revue d'économie financière, n°106, 2012. Système financier et création de valeur. pp. 111-124
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Structure of Business R&D: Recent Trends and Measurement Implications
No full textThis work was supported by The National Science Foundation project “Internationally Comparable Science, Technology, and Competitiveness Indicators” (SRS00-99594) and the International Economic program of The Conference Board. Inklaar, McGuckin and van Ark are with The Conference Board and Growth and Development Center of the University of Groningen and Sean Dougherty is with the OECD. Thanks go to Shannon Mok, Jasminee Persaud, Tony Spera and Johanna von Braun for excellent research assistance at various stages of the project.R&D, research, development, innovation, BERD
Perspectives on Productivity and Business Cycles in Europe
Full text linkAnalyzes the prospects of the euro and the Lisbon agenda to increase European competitiveness. The cyclical co-movement across countries, as well as the underlying determinants, suggest that the economic costs of the euro are likely to be sustainable. Lagging European productivity growth relative to the U.S. is shown to be of structural, not cyclical, nature and partly related to the less extensive and efficient use of ICT in Europe. Greater regulatory flexibility, especially of labour markets are likely to stimulate productivity growth as well as cylical co-movement.
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Full text linkBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
THE SENSITIVITY OF CAPITAL SERVICES MEASUREMENT: MEASURE ALL ASSETS AND THE COST OF CAPITAL
Full text linkThe measurement of capital inputs is still a contentious issue: many choices have to be made that have potentially large effects on the resulting capital input series. This paper compares a large number of methodological choices and their impact on U.S. capital services at the industry and aggregate level. The results show that the set of capital assets covered and the choice for the rate of return matter substantially, while other choices are less important. I argue that land, inventories, and intangible capital should be included and that for pragmatic reasons, an external cost of capital is preferable to an internal rate of return because of its transparency and robustness to measurement error. Copyright 2010 The Author. Journal compilation International Association for Research in Income and Wealth 2010.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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