2,829 research outputs found
EntreviSta: Michael Ullman
No full textIn this issue of EntreviSta, we interview Dr. Michael Ullman, who received his BA in Computer Science from Harvard University (1988) and his PhD in Brain and Cognitive Sciences from MIT (1993). His main area of research is the relationship between language, memory, and the brain. Ullman is a Professor in the Department of Neuroscience at Georgetown University, and holds secondary appointments in the Departments of Neurology, Psychology and Linguistics. He is the director of the Brain and Language Lab, which investigates the neural and psychological bases of both first and second language, as well as the neurocognition of group and individual differences in language and memory (e.g., sex differences, handedness, and genetic variability). He and his colleagues use both behavioral and neuroimaging techniques (mainly EEG/ERPs and fMRI). His lab also works with developmental disorders (including developmental language and reading impairments, autism, Tourette syndrome, and ADHD) and acquired brain disorders (including aphasia, amnesia, and Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases). Together with Ingrid Finger (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), Kara Morgan-Short (University of Illinois at Chicago, USA) and Sarah Grey (Georgetown University), Ullman is the author of a recently published ground-breaking article, entitled Second language processing shows increased native-like neural responses after months of no exposure, which was widely featured in the press, including in the New York Times. A squib of this article has been included in this issue of Revista LinguiStica.</p
Disruption of the developmental programme of Trypanosoma brucei by genetic ablation of TbZFP1, a differentiation-enriched CCCH protein
No full textThe regulation of differentiation is particularly important in microbial eukaryotes that inhabit multiple environments. The parasite Trypanosoma brucei is an extreme example of this, requiring exquisite gene regulation during transmission from mammals to the tsetse fly vector. Unusually, trypanosomes rely almost exclusively on post-transcriptional mechanisms for regulated gene expression. Hence, RNA binding proteins are potentially of great significance in controlling stage-regulated processes. We have previously identified TbZFP1 as a trypanosome molecule transiently enriched during differentiation to tsetse midgut procyclic forms. This small protein (101 amino acids) contains the unusual CCCH zinc finger, an RNA binding motif. Here, we show that genetic ablation of TbZFP1 compromises repositioning of the mitochondrial genome, a specific event in the strictly regulated differentiation programme. Despite this, other events that occur both before and after this remain intact. Significantly, this phenotype correlates with the TbZFP1 expression profile during differentiation. This is the first genetic disruption of a developmental regulator in T. brucei. It demonstrates that programmed events in parasite development can be uncoupled at the molecular level. It also further supports the importance of CCCH proteins in key aspects of trypanosome cell function
O perfil dos alunos do curso de letras inglês da UFRGS : um estudo quantitativo
No full textTodo professor sabe que para que suas aulas sejam significativas, ele deve conhecer quem são seus alunos. Portanto, este Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso teve como objetivo traçar o perfil dos alunos matriculados nos Cursos de Letras/Inglês no semestre de 2021/1, dos currículos de Licenciatura e de Bacharelado, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, referente a seu processo de aprendizado do inglês anterior ao ingresso no Curso. A coleta de dados foi feita com participantes convidados que são alunos ingressantes no curso de Letras/Inglês da UFRGS em 2021/1. Os participantes responderam a um formulário digital adaptado do Questionário de Histórico da Linguagem, de Scholl e Finger (2013). Os resultados encontrados a partir desta pequena amostra de 13 participantes demonstram uma prevalência de estudantes do sexo feminino; com média de 20 anos de idade; que estão cursando a graduação pela primeira vez; têm interesse em literatura e filmes; escolhem mais o currículo duplo (Português-Inglês); estudam inglês desde a infância (10 anos de idade); possuem fluência intermediária; e têm pretensão de seguir a carreira de professor. Os resultados aqui encontrados podem ser utilizados para futuros planejamentos dos currículos do Curso de Letras, bem como para que haja um alinhamento de expectativas entre os alunos ingressantes e a instituição de ensino.Every teacher knows that in order for the classes to make sense for the students we must know who they are. Therefore, the objective of this research was to assess the students' profile in the Letras course from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) who began their studies in 2021/1, in both the teaching degree and the translator degree. The sample involved the students that were enrolled in the English disciplines in order to understand who they are and their experiences in English prior to the undergraduation course. The participants were invited to answer a series of questions in an online form that was adapted from the Language Background Questionnaire (Scholl and Finger, 2013). A total of 13 undergraduates answered the questions and the results indicated that the sample was mostly formed by female students; their average age was approximately 20 years old; most students are starting their first and only undergraduate course; they show a strong interest in literature and movies; are enrolled in the Portuguese-English curriculum; have been studying English since childhood (10 years old); have an intermediary level of L2 proficiency, and want to pursue the teaching career. The importance of this research was to provide a guide to future changes in the course and to demonstrate the interests and experiences that characterize the group of Letras’ students. Thus, the University and its upcoming students can better understand what is offered and expected
Bilinguismo, biliteracia e alfabetização bilíngue
No full textThe present article aims to contribute to the reflection on the processes of literacy development in children immersed in bilingual educational contexts, based on findings arising from studies on the Psycholinguistics of Bilingualism. To this end, we begin with a brief review of current conceptions of bilingualism, then presenting information related to what we know today about the bilingual brain and mind, more specifically, about linguistic coactivation, and the implications of the coactivation effects of languages in bilingual individuals. Next, we address how the Four Levels of Literacy Model (Alves; Finger; Brentano, 2021; Alves, Finger, 2023), explains the development of reading and writing skills in monolingual and bilingual children. Finally, we approach how findings on linguistic coactivation can inform the processes of shared knowledge, skills and biliteracy and literacy strategies in bilingual children.O presente artigo tem como objetivo contribuir com a reflexão sobre os processos de desenvolvimento da literacia em crianças inseridas em contextos bilíngues de ensino, a partir dos achados advindos dos estudos da Psicolinguística do Bilinguismo. Para isso, iniciamos com uma breve retomada das concepções atuais de bilinguismo, apresentando a seguir informações relacionadas ao que sabemos hoje sobre o cérebro e a mente bilíngue, principalmente a coativação linguística, e as implicações dos efeitos de coativação das línguas em indivíduos bilíngues. Na sequência, tomamos como base o Modelo dos Quatro Níveis de Literacia (Alves; Finger; Brentano, 2021; Alves, Finger, 2023), abordando de que forma ele explica o desenvolvimento das habilidades de leitura e escrita em crianças monolíngues e bilíngues. Por fim, tratamos de como os achados sobre coativação linguística podem informar os processos de compartilhamento de conhecimentos, habilidades e estratégias de biliteracia e alfabetização em crianças bilíngues
Bilingualism, literacy acquisition and biliteracy
No full textO presente artigo tem como objetivo contribuir com a reflexão sobre os processos de desenvolvimento da literacia em crianças inseridas em contextos bilíngues de ensino, a partir dos achados advindos dos estudos da Psicolinguística do Bilinguismo. Para isso, iniciamos com uma breve retomada das concepções atuais de bilinguismo, apresentando a seguir informações relacionadas ao que sabemos hoje sobre o cérebro e a mente bilíngue, principalmente a coativação linguística, e as implicações dos efeitos de coativação das línguas em indivíduos bilíngues. Na sequência, tomamos como base o Modelo dos Quatro Níveis de Literacia (Alves; Finger; Brentano, 2021; Alves, Finger, 2023), abordando de que forma ele explica o desenvolvimento das habilidades de leitura e escrita em crianças monolíngues e bilíngues. Por fim, tratamos de como os achados sobre coativação linguística podem informar os processos de compartilhamento de conhecimentos, habilidades e estratégias de biliteracia e alfabetização em crianças bilíngues.The present article aims to contribute to the reflection on the processes of literacy development in children immersed in bilingual educational contexts, based on findings arising from studies on the Psycholinguistics of Bilingualism. To this end, we begin with a brief review of current conceptions of bilingualism, then presenting information related to what we know today about the bilingual brain and mind, more specifically, about linguistic coactivation, and the implications of the coactivation effects of languages in bilingual individuals. Next, we address how the Four Levels of Literacy Model (Alves; Finger; Brentano, 2021; Alves, Finger, 2023), explains the development of reading and writing skills in monolingual and bilingual children. Finally, we approach how findings on linguistic coactivation can inform the processes of shared knowledge, skills and biliteracy and literacy strategies in bilingual children
Tension strength capacity of finger joined beech lamellas
No full textBeech wood has high mechanical properties, therefore the production of high quality beech glulam beams is one of our main objectives. Finger joints with standard geometries and adhesives used for joining coniferous wood are not sufficient in terms of strength when gluing beech wood. A hybrid glulam beam was produced and tested in a standard four point bending test. The beam was produced from finger joined beech lamellas on the outer sides and finger joined spruce lamellas in the middle. The results from the bending test showed a lack of tensile strength of the finger joints of beech lamellas on the bottom middle part of the beam, where the rupture occurred. We prepared a numerical model of finger joined beech lamellas and simulations of tension tests, parallel to the lamella. We performed parametric studies with multiple variables referring to geometrical properties of finger joints and two different types of applied adhesives. The results showed a high influence of the finger joint geometrical parameters. Experimental tests on the tension strength of the finger joints were performed. Two finger joint lengths were tested, 10 and 20 millimetres. The results showed a clear influence of the finger joint geometry where highest strengths were obtained with longer and thinner fingers
Do rules control power? GATT articles and arrangements in the Uruguay Round
No full textMany complain and offer evidence that in recent years the GATT system has become more power-oriented, less stable, and less equitable. A concern to reverse this drift was one of the motives that brought the international community to agree to undertake the Uruguay Round. Rules control power, assumed the signers of the Punte del Este declaration, therefore elaborating and extending GATT rules would move the international community toward a fairer, more stable international trading system. Finger and Dhar contend that the opposite is true. Particularly in the 1980s, the elaboration and application of GATT rules has been an exercise in the application of economic and political power, not in its control. GATT rules, in theory, are there to limit national trade restrictions. Finger and Dhar contend that in fact things work the other way around: national practice comes first, and determines what the GATT rules mean. GATT's rules do not put limits on national practices, but provide international santion for these practices. Such rules are not part of the thereforelution but are part of the problem. Theirs is a situation-specific argument, say Finger and Dhar, not a generic one. Their target is not"rules", nor is it"GATT". Rather, it is the GATT rules.Rules of Origin,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Common Carriers Industry,Transport and Trade Logistics,Trade Policy
Comparing the Active, Functional, and Passive Range of Motion of Finger Joints Using Dynamic Measurement
No full textStudies on finger kinematics, especially the range of motion (RoM) measurements, are essential to understand the use of finger joints and the pathology of related disease. Limited literatures compared the active RoM (A-RoM) of finger joints with either their functional RoM (F-RoM) or passive RoM (p-RoM) using different measuring protocols and tools. This study aims to provide an overall comparison including all three types of RoMs. We measured A-RoM, F-RoM, and P-RoM, using a dynamic measurement system. Our goal is to investigate the relationships among the three RoMs by comparing their extreme rotation angles. The results suggested that P-RoM was the largest motion range, and F-RoM can exceed their A-RoM. The F-RoM of distal-interphalangeal joints may rotated 8–20° more than their A-RoM, mainly during precise and power manipulations. Besides to A-RoM, knowledge of F-RoM and P-RoM are also important for a comprehensive understanding for clinical practice, and thus, to support the optimization and evaluation of treatment devices for finger joint, such as implant replacement.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Human-Centered DesignApplied Ergonomics and Desig
CamPressID: Optimizing Camera Configuration and Finger Pressure for Biometric Authentication
No full textTo protect sensitive information on smartphones, state-of-the-art (SoA) studies exploit the built-in camera to capture PPG signals from fingertips as a hard-to-forge biometric. However, those studies do not provide a comprehensive analysis to optimize the camera parameters and finger pressure, leading to distorted and unstable PPG signals that degrade the authentication performance. To overcome these limitations, we propose the CamPressID framework. First, we analyze various camera parameters and optimize their configuration to obtain PPG signals with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Second, we investigate different finger pressures to identify the best pressure for every subject, in order to avoid signal distortion. To evaluate the performance of CamPressID, we collect a diverse dataset with 58 subjects. Our evaluation results show that CamPressID can improve the average balanced accuracy (BAC) by 10%. Moreover, the BAC reaches 90%, which is similar to the accuracy reported in the SoA using a dedicated PPG sensor for authentication.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Embedded SystemsWeb Information System
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