11 research outputs found
Decommissioning of Large Nuclear Power Plants with LWRs in the Federal Republic of Germany
No full textParâmetros de avaliações físicas e proposta de intervenção para a prevenção da lesão de LCA
No full textIntrodução: A ruptura do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) é a lesão ligamentar mais frequente da articulação do joelho, onde seu mecanismo de lesão ocorre por contato e por não-contato. Objetivos: Pesquisar os melhores métodos de intervenção de prevenção e recondicionamento pós lesão de LCA. Métodos: Tratou-se de uma revisão sistemática no qual foram incluídos estudos experimentais observacionais encontrados na base de dados do Google Acadêmico, Scielo Brasil, Sci-Hub, Google Acadêmico e Pubmed que atendessem aos critérios estabelecidos, onde 37 estudos foram incluídos para a análise final. Desses estudos foram retirados as características e os resultados por meio de um formulário padronizado contendo: autor (es), ano, amostra, resultado e conclusão. Resultado: Os parâmetros de avaliações físicas foram: dinamometria isocinética a angulação de 60º/s na fase concêntrica o membro saudável precisa ficar acima de 3.40 N.m.kg e na fase excêntrica acima de 4.0 N.m.kg, já na velocidade de 300º/s o valor absoluto deve ser maior que 160 N.m e o pico de torque dos extensores acima de 300 N.m e de 155 N.m para os flexores. No Hop-Test, a distância necessária é acima de 198 cm. O teste de sentar e alcança do banco de Wells o resultado deve estar na margem entre a excelência e média perante a tabela Canadian Standardized Teste of Fitness. No teste de senso posicional o resultado deve ser abaixo de 1.21 graus. E a amplitude de movimento na de rotação interna e externa do quadril precisa estar entre 80º e 90º. Discussão: Com o resultado das avaliações, foi viável estruturar um treinamento de prevenção de lesão de LCA divido entre aquecimento, pliometria, fortalecimento, propriocepção e flexibilidade. Conclusão: Para prevenção de lesão de LCA, o programa de treinamento, auxiliará no objetivo de melhora na conscientização e controle das articulações do quadril, joelhos e tornozelos. Sendo assim, a formação preventiva deve, portanto, ser introduzida naturalmente dos programas de treinamento esportivo para os atletas (sic).Introduction: ACL rupture is the most frequent ligament injury of the knee joint, where its mechanism of injury occurs through contact and non-contact. Objectives: To search for the best methods of intervention for prevention and reconditioning after ACL injury. Methods: This was a systematic review in which observational experimental studies were found in the database of Google Scholar, Scielo Brazil, Sci-Hub, Google Scholar and Pubmed that met the established criteria, where 37 studies were included for the analysis Last. From these studies the characteristics and results were extracted through a standardized form containing: author (s), year, sample, result and conclusion. Results: The physical evaluation parameters were: isokinetic dynamometry at 60º/s angulation in the concentric phase, the healthy limb needs to be above 3.40 N.m.kg and in the eccentric phase above 4.0 N.m.kg, already at 300º/s absolute value should be greater than 160 N.m and the torque peak of the extensors above 300 N.m and of 155 N,m for the flexors. In the Hop-Test, the required distance is over 198 cm. The sit-and-reach test at Wells Bank results should be on the margin between excellence and average before the Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness table. In the positional sense test the result should be below 1.21 degrees. And the range of motion in the inner and outer rotation of the hip must be between 80 ° and 90 °. Discussion: With the results of the evaluations, it was feasible to structure an ACL injury prevention training divided between warm-up, plyometry, strengthening, proprioception and flexibility. Conclusion: For prevention of ACL injury, the training program will assist in the projection of improvement in the awareness and control of hip, knee and ankle joints. Therefore, preventive training should therefore be introduced naturally from athletic training programs for athletes (sic)
Silicification, flow pathways, and deep-seated hypogene dissolution controlled by structural and stratigraphic variability in a carbonate-siliciclastic sequence (Brazil)
No full textFractured and karstified carbonate units are key exploration targets for the hydrocarbon industry as they represent important reservoirs. Furthermore, large water reserves and geothermal systems are hosted in carbonate aquifers. This paper documents the relationships between stratigraphy, structural patterns, silicification, and the spatial-morphological organization of a 3D multistorey cave system developed in a Neoproterozoic mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sequence. We found that the combination of lithology, silicification, fracture patterns (controlled by lithostratigraphic variability), and petrophysical properties control the formation of high or low permeability zones; their distribution was fundamental for the spatial organization of dissolution and the compartmentalization of the resulting conduit system in different speleogenetic storeys. We propose a deep-seated hydrothermal origin for the fluids involved in the main phases of karst formation. Warm and alkaline hydrothermal fluids caused silica dissolution, followed by chalcedony and quartz reprecipitation in pore space and fractures. Rising fluids concentrated along through-going vertical fracture zones in the lower storey, whereas sub-horizontal bedding-parallel fluid flow was focused on sedimentary packages containing highly silicified dolostones (SiO2>80 wt%) characterized by high permeability. The Calixto Cave is an enlightening example for the complex speleogenetic history affecting a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic succession where the combined effect of silicification and hydrothermal karst dissolution can potentially generate high-quality reservoirs.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Applied Geolog
The influence of subseismic-scale fracture interconnectivity on fluid flow in fracture corridors of the Brejões carbonate karst system, Brazil
No full textThe present study used a multitool approach to characterize fractures of several orders of magnitude in large fracture corridors, caves, and canyons to investigate their impact on fluid flow in carbonate units. The study area is the Brejões carbonate karst system that is located in the Neoproterozoic Salitre Formation in the Irecê Basin, São Francisco Craton, Brazil. The approach included satellite imagery, used for interpreting the regional structural context, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and ground-based Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) imagery, used for detailed structural interpretation. Regional interpretation revealed that fracture corridors, caves and canyons occur along a N–S-oriented anticline hinge. An advanced stage of karstification caused fracture enlargement and intrabed dissolution, and the formation of caves and canyons. A river captured by the highly fractured zone along the anticline hinge played an important role as an erosive agent. Detailed characterization of fracture corridors comprised structural analysis, topological studies, persistence estimations, power-law fitting of fracture trace length distributions, and identification of network backbones. Our results indicate that fracture corridors comprise four subvertical fracture sets: N–S and E-W and a conjugate pair, NNE-SSW and NW-SE. Fractures observed in the caves show the same dominant directions. Fracture directions are consistent with a common origin associated with the anticline folding. Fracture traces range from 1.0 m to 300 m, comprising both subseismic (<50 m) and seismic scale fractures (>50 m). Networks have dominance of node terminations Y and X (notably Y), CB values higher than 1.8, high P20 and P21 persistence values, and highly interconnected backbones. Fracture network connectivity is associated with power-law exponents greater than 2.5 for the fracture trace distributions, indicating large influence of subseismic-scale fractures on fluid flow. As the final result of folding and karstification, large volumes of secondary macroporosity were created, particularly in the zone of maximum fracture intensity around the hinge zone of the anticline. This scenario can be used to understand better oil reservoirs formed in similar structural controls in near-surface conditions.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Applied Geolog
Práticas de ensino de ciências na interlocução entre a abordagem CTS e a perspectiva freireana
No full textNessa pesquisa temos por objetivo desenvolver metodologias de ensino de ciências com enfoque CTS numa perspectiva freireana para ser aplicada no nono ano do ensino fundamental II (9º ano do EF II). Como cenário da pesquisa tomamos o contexto da Escola Municipal Altivo César, no município de Niterói (RJ), onde a autora atua como docente. Assim, o produto educacional resultante, apesar de elaborado a partir deste contexto, pode ser adaptado para qualquer escola, pública ou privada, de qualquer região do Brasil. De cunho qualitativo, buscamos apoio em autores como Santos, Mortimer, Auler, Delizoicov, entre outros, que discutem a abordagem CTS no ensino de ciências e também em algumas das obras de Freire para tecer reflexões teóricas e compreender as interlocuções entre o ensino CTS e a pedagogia freireana, para pensar a construção de nossa metodologia de ensino. Como resultado foram elaboradas sequências didáticas (SD) com temas extraídos da realidade concreta dos estudantes e da comunidade escolar. Com a aplicação parcial da primeira sequência, que foi interrompida pela pandemia do COVID-19, fomos capazes de refletir sobre nossa prática a partir da teoria para então, traçar estratégias que contribuem para tornar o ensino de ciências significativo e capaz de promover as reflexões e críticas necessárias ao modelo técnico-científico de ensino praticado, buscando uma educação técnico-científica humanística. O produto educacional resultante é integrado por quatro SD para o ensino de ciências no nono ano de escolaridade, numa perspectiva CTS com abordagem freireana. Nessas sequências são trabalhados os objetos de conhecimento referentes à unidade temática matéria e energia da BNCCIn this research, we aim to develop science teaching methodologies with a CTS approach in a freirean perspective to be applied in the ninth year of elementary school II (9th year of ES II). As a research scenario, we take the context of the Altivo César Municipal School, in Niterói city (RJ), where the author works as a teacher. Thus, the educational product result, despite being elaborated from this context, can be adapted to any public or private school, in any region of Brazil. By qualitative nature, we sought support from authors such as Santos, Mortimer, Auler, Delizoicov, among others, who discuss the CTS approach in science teaching and also in some of Freire's works to weave theoretical reflections and understand the interlocutions between CTS teaching and Freirean pedagogy, to think about the construction of our teaching methodology. As a result, didactic sequences (DS) were elaborate on themes extracted from the concrete reality of the students and the school community. With the partial application of the first sequence, which was interrupted by the pandemic of COVID-19, we could reflect on our practice from the theoretical point of view and then draw strategies that contribute to making science teaching meaningful and able to promote the necessary reflections and criticisms of the technical-scientific model of teaching practice, seeking a humanistic technical-scientific education. The resulting educational product is integrated by four SD for science teaching in the ninth grade, in a CTS perspective with a freirean approach. It is worked in these sequences the objects of knowledge referring to the thematic unit matter and energy of BNCC93 f
A time-domain boundary elements method for the seakeeping analysis of offshore systems.
No full textEsta tese apresenta o desenvolvimento de um método de elementos de contorno (BEM) no domínio do tempo baseado em fontes de Rankine para analise linear de comportamento no mar de sistemas oceânicos. O método e formulado por dois problemas de valor inicial de contorno definidos para os potenciais de velocidade e aceleração, sendo este ultimo utilizado para calcular de maneira acurada a derivada temporal do potencial de velocidades. Testes de verificação são realizados para a solução dos problemas de difração, radiação e de corpo livre para flutuar. Uma vez verificada, a ferramenta e aplicada em dois problemas multicorpos considerados no estado-da-arte em termos de modelagem hidrodinâmica utilizando BEM. O primeiro trata do problema envolvendo duas embarcações atracadas a contrabordo. Este é um caso no qual os códigos baseados na teoria de escoamento potencial são conhecidos por apresentarem dificuldades na determinação das soluções, tendendo a superestimar as elevações de onda no vão entre as embarcações e a apresentar problemas de convergência numérica associados a efeitos ressonantes de onda. O problema e tratado por meio do método de damping lid e a convergência das series temporais e investigada avaliando diferentes níveis de amortecimento. Os resultados são comparados com dados experimentais. O segundo problema se refere a analise de sistemas multicorpos com grandes deslocamentos relativos. Neste problema, ferramentas no domínio da frequência nao podem ser utilizadas, por considerarem apenas malhas fixas. Deste modo, o presente método e estendido para considerar um gerador de malhas de paineis e um algoritmo de interpolação de ordem alta no laco de tempo do código, possibilitando a mudança de posições relativas entre os corpos durante a simulação. Os resultados são comparados com dados de experimentos executados especificamente para fins de verificação do código, apresentando uma boa concordância. De acordo com o conhecimento do autor, esta e a primeira vez que certas questões relativas a modelagem numérica destes dois problemas multicorpos são relatadas na literatura especializada em hidrodinâmica computacional.The development of a time domain boundary elements method (BEM) based on Rankine\'s sources for linear seakeeping analysis of offshore systems is here addressed. The method is formulated by means of two Initial Boundary Value Problems defined for the velocity and acceleration potentials, the latter being used to ensure an accurate calculation of the time derivatives of the velocity potential. Verification tests for solving the difraction, radiation and free floating problems are presented. Once verified, the code is applied for two complex multi-body problems considered to be in the state-of-the-art for hydrodynamic modelling using BEM. The first is the seakeeping problem of two ships arranged in side-by-side, a problem in which all potential flow codes are known to have a poor performance, tending to provide unrealistic high wave elevations in the gap between the vessels and to present numerical convergence problems associated to resonant effects. The problem is here addressed by means of a damping lid method and the convergence of the time series with different damping levels is investigated. Results are compared to data measured in an experimental campaign. The second problem refers to the analysis of multi-body systems composed of bodies undergoing large relative displacements. This is a case that cannot be properly analyzed by frequency domain codes, since they only consider fixed meshes. For this application, the present numerical method is extended to consider a panel mesh generator in the time loop of the code, enabling the change of body relative positions during the computations. Furthermore, a higher order interpolation algorithm designed to recover the solutions of a previous time-step was also implemented, enabling the calculations to progress with reasonable accuracy in time. The numerical results are compared to data of experimental tests designed and executed for verification of the code, and presented a very good agreement. To the author\'s knowledge, this is the first time that certain issues concerning the numerical modelling of these two complex multi-body problems are reported in the literature specialized in hydrodynamic computations
Facing future climate change: is the past relevant?
No full textFrom a socio-economic perspective, the ‘sharp end’ of climate research is very much about looking forward in time. As far as possible, we need to know what to expect and approximately when to expect it. However, it is argued here that our approach to climate change (including its scientific basis and its policy implications) is firmly linked to our understanding of the past. This is mainly due to the role played by palaeoclimate reconstructions in shaping our expectations of the climate system, in particular via their ability to test the accuracy of our climate models. Importantly, this includes the intuitive models that each of us carries around in our mind, as well as the more complex numerical models hiding inside supercomputers. It is through such models that palaeoclimate insights may affect the scientific and political judgements that we must make in the face of persistent and ultimately irreducible predictive uncertainty. Already we can demonstrate a great deal of confidence in our current understanding of the global climate system based specifically on insights from the geological record. If further advances are to be made effectively, climate models should take advantage of both past and present constraints on their behaviour, and should be given added credence to the extent that they are compatible with an increasingly rich tapestry of past climatic phenomena. Furthermore, palaeoclimate data should be accompanied by clearly defined uncertainties, and organized in arrays that are capable of speaking directly to numerical models, and their limitations in particular
Efeito de diferentes intensidades de manejo simuladas sobre diversidade genética de uma população natural de palmiteiro (Euterpe edulis martius)
No full textUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais
Флюоресцентная диагностика и фотодинамическая терапия – обоснование применения и возможности в онкологии
No full textThis article is dedicated to current research of domestic photosensitizers of different classes carried out by Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute. Results of research in tissue distribution kinetics of Photogem, Photosense, Chlorine e6 based photosensitizers and 5-ALA induced protoporphyrine IX (PPIX) in cancer patients are represented. These results have been used for development of medical techniques in fluorescence diagnostics (FD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). This article summarizes Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute results of 20 years experience of PD and PDT in patients with different cancer diseases. The most recent data on the efficacy of radical and palliative PDT, anti-relapse intra-operative PDT, prolonged PDT, and PDT combined with chemotherapy are given. Data on sensitivity and specificity of FD in patients with different tumor localizations are represented. The author outlines achievements and challenges of novel FD and PDT methods in clinical practice and defines the main directions of the further FD and PDT development.Статья посвящена исследованиям отечественных фотосенсибилизаторов различных классов, проводимых в МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена. Приведены результаты изучения кинетики тканевого и внутритканевого распределения препаратов фотогем, фотосенс, препаратов на основе хлорина е6 и аласенс-индуцированного протопорфирина IX (ППIX) у онкологических больных, послужившие основой для разработки медицинских технологий флюоресцентной диагностики (ФД) и фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ). В статье обобщены результаты 20-летнего применения в МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена ФД и ФДТ у пациентов с различными онкологическими заболеваниями. Приведены последние данные по эффективности радикальной и паллиативной ФДТ, интраоперационной противорецидивной ФДТ, пролонгированной ФДТ, а также сочетанной с химиотерапией ФДТ. Представлены данные по специфичности и чувствительности ФД у пациентов с опухолями различной локализации. Автором отмечены достижения и существующие проблемы применения современных методов ФД и ФДТ в клинической практике, намечены основные направления их дальнейшего развития.
