180 research outputs found
Spiegel, Spiel und Gabe
No full textWährend sich die globalen Notwendigkeiten von Flucht und Migration weiter zuspitzen, bleibt eine nicht an die Herkunft gebundene Teilhabe weiterhin aus. Am Beispiel langjähriger Forschungsbeziehungen zu jungen geflüchteten Menschen informiert Ingmar Zalewski über zivilgesellschaftliche Praktiken der Partizipation. In der Verbindung von Ethnografie und starker Reflexivität arbeitet er emotionale Formen des Austauschs heraus, in denen die gelebte Beziehung die Möglichkeit bietet, Asymmetrien auszuhandeln und Migrationsgeschichte(n) gemeinsam zu überschreiten. Der ethnopsychoanalytische Ansatz macht Beziehung somit zur Methode einer stark reflexiven Migrationsforschung
Criminal Biology: On the Proper Place of Science in Explaining the Origin of Crime
No full textThe aim of the paper is to investigate how the influence of biology on human behaviour can be explained in terms of criminal law today. Wojciech Zalewski begins the article by introducing and explaining the grounds for criticism of criminal biology at the beginning of the 20th century. The paper then goes on to outline the criticism of criminal anthropology and the biological approach in Poland. To this end, the author extensively discusses the research of Prof. Adam S. Ettinger and other prominent researchers who rejected entirely endogenous sources of crime. The author also draws our attention to the interest in criminal biology by the leaders of the National Socialist party in Germany in the first half of the 20th century. The paper also discusses the issue of eugenics and the use of its principles worldwide. Moreover, the author discusses the contemporary state of the criminological debate, suggesting that the 20th century should be considered as dominated by the sociological approach in criminology and by a failure of criminological views to influence politicians and penal legislation. In conclusion, Zalewski highlights the contribution of the pioneers of the anthropological approach in criminology and points out that research into the biological causes of crime should be handled with scientific objectivity and, in particular, the influence of the social environment should be taken into account.Celem opracowania jest znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak można współcześnie w kategoriach prawnokarnych wyjaśnić wpływ biologii na zachowanie człowieka. Autor tekstu rozpoczyna artykuł od przybliżenia i wyjaśnienia odbiorcom podstaw krytyki biologii kryminalnej na początku XX wieku. Następnie w publikacji prezentowana jest krytyka antropologii kryminalnej i biologicznego podejścia na gruncie polskim. W tym celu autor artykułu szeroko omawia badania profesora Adam S. Ettingera i innych wybitnych badaczy, którzy odrzucali całkowicie endogenne przyczyny przestępczości. Autor tekstu zwraca również uwagę odbiorców na zainteresowanie biologią kryminalną przez przywódców partii narodowosocjalistycznej w Niemczech w I połowie XX wieku. W opracowaniu omówiona została również problematyka eugeniki i wykorzystania jej założeń na świecie. Autor artykuł omawia także współczesny stan debaty kryminologicznej sugerując, że wiek XX należy uznać za zdominowany przez podejście socjologiczne w kryminologii i porażkę wpływu kryminologicznych opinii na polityków i ustawodawstwo karne. W podsumowaniu W. Zalewski uwydatnia wkład pionierów podejścia antropologicznego w kryminologii i podkreśla, że do badań nad biologicznymi przyczynami przestępczości należy podchodzić z naukowym obiektywizmem a zwłaszcza należy zwracać uwagę na wpływ otoczenia społecznego.
The aim of the paper is to investigate how the influence of biology on human behaviour can be explained in terms of criminal law today. Wojciech Zalewski begins the article by introducing and explaining the grounds for criticism of criminal biology at the beginning of the 20th century. The paper then goes on to outline the criticism of criminal anthropology and the biological approach in Poland. To this end, the author extensively discusses the research of Prof. Adam S. Ettinger and other prominent researchers who rejected entirely endogenous sources of crime. The author also draws our attention to the interest in criminal biology by the leaders of the National Socialist party in Germany in the first half of the 20th century. The paper also discusses the issue of eugenics and the use of its principles worldwide. Moreover, the author discusses the contemporary state of the criminological debate, suggesting that the 20th century should be considered as dominated by the sociological approach in criminology and by a failure of criminological views to influence politicians and penal legislation. In conclusion, Zalewski highlights the contribution of the pioneers of the anthropological approach in criminology and points out that research into the biological causes of crime should be handled with scientific objectivity and, in particular, the influence of the social environment should be taken into account
Unknown Medieval Fragments in German from the Ludwik Zalewski Collection at the Polish National Library, Warsaw
No full textAmong others, the Polish National Library possess a collection (MS 8098 IV) encompassing parchment fragments extracted from bookbindings, which contain German texts. This collection was acquired from the family of the deceased bibliophile from Lublin, Father Ludwik Zalewski. The collection consists of eleven parchment leaves, six of which form three bifolia, the other five being small fragments. The collection is known to historians, chiefly due to two of the bifolia, which contain fragments of an Old Saxon translation of the Psalms (Altsächsiche Psalmen). The rest of the fragments, dated chiefly by the author to the fourteenth century, are also of interest. J. Kaliszuk identifies them as belonging to: Der Welsche Gast by Thomasin von Zerklaere, the Christherre-Chronik and the Livländische Reimchronik. The author also demonstrates that this collection was put together by L. Zalewski, hence there is no possibility of tracing the provenance of individual fragments. The article is supplemented by two appendices, the first with codicological descriptions of the complete collection, and the second containing an edition of the letter from Stanisław Tomkowicz, an art historian from Cracow, to Ludwik Zalewski, written in 1916, concerning the fragments in question
Emotionaler Austausch in der Migrationsforschung als reflexiver Beziehungsprozess
No full textGefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kasse
Alfred Schütz Revisited: Social Exclusion of Refugees in Brandenburg
No full textFor refugees, the transition from their home to the host society is especially challenging. In particular, their situation shortly after arrival entails the risk of social exclusion. Based on two case studies, this article reconstructs experiences of exclusion within the integration processes of Cameroonian refugee men and unaccompanied minors in the region of Brandenburg, Germany. What connects the studies are the existential threats of being forced to wait due to having an unclear future and a pattern of being unable to refer to (positive) lived experiences in the local environment. The article approaches these dynamics by applying Alfred Schütz as a helpful analytical heuristic to the findings. The possibilities and pitfalls of the deployed Schützean framework are highlighted considering current methodological developments in the field
Negotiating Asymmetries: The (De)Thematization of Giving and Receiving in Ethnographic Relationships in Forced Migration Research
No full textIn diesem Artikel befasse ich mich mit der Genese und Gestalt meines ethnografischen Promotionsprojektes zu gesellschaftlichen Teilhabeprozessen geflüchteter junger Männer aus Syrien. Meine eigene Beziehungsgestaltung mit den geflüchteten Feldteilnehmern steht dabei im Mittelpunkt. Verfasst als narrative Reflexion aus der Ich-Perspektive, rekonstruiere ich zum einen die Mechanismen, über die sich der Beziehungsansatz als zentraler Gegenstandsbereich des Feldes eigenlogisch konstituierte. Zum anderen zeichne ich entlang von empirischen Materialausschnitten eine Typisierung der Beziehungsdynamik einer Fallgeschichte nach. Die herausgearbeitete Charakteristik gegenseitiger Funktionalisierung diskutiere ich dabei in Anlehnung an Marcel MAUSS (1990 [1925]) als ein Gabentausch-Verhältnis – als ein Beispiel von Geben und Nehmen. Unter Rückgriff auf die Verpflichtung zur Erwiderung einer Gabe, der Vermischung von Person und Sache im Gabentausch sowie dem Schuldverursachungs- und dem Zeitlichkeitsaspekt einer Gabe lege ich insbesondere Zugänge zu meinem Schamerleben in dieser Beziehung offen. Gespiegelt vor dem gesellschaftlichen Panorama zeige ich mittels des empirischen Falls neue Perspektiven auf für ehrenamtliche und professionelle Helfer:innen-Beziehungen mit Geflüchteten.In this article, I address the genesis and shape of my ethnographic doctoral project on processes of social participation among young male refugees from Syria. I focus on the shaping of my own relationship with the refugees participating in my fieldwork. On the one hand, using a reflexive approach, I reconstruct the mechanisms through which the relational approach is constituted as a key aspect of fieldwork that follows its own logic. On the other hand, based on excerpts from the empirical material, I outline the characteristics of the relational dynamics of a particular case, which I treat, following Marcel MAUSS (1990 [1925]), as a relationship of gift exchange: as an example of giving and receiving. Drawing on the obligation to reciprocate a gift, the mixing of person and thing in exchanging gifts, the creation of debt, and the temporal aspect of a gift, I disclose situations in which I experienced shame. The presented case may be indicative of what takes place in constellations involving volunteers and young refugees, as well as in the professional work relationships of educational staff
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