1,721,105 research outputs found
Beverage specific effects on suicide
No full text Thor Norström & Ingeborg Rossow: Beverage specific effects on suicide The authors analyze the relationship between suicide and beverage specific indicators of alcohol sales in Norway and Sweden. The data comprised aggregate time series for Norway (1918–1994) and Sweden (1948–1994). The suicide indicator was the number of male suicides per 100,000 inhabitants (15+). The beverage specific indicators were sales of beer, spirits and wine (liters 100 % ethanol per inhabitant, 15+). The beverage specific effects on suicide were estimated by means of ARIMA-models. For Norway as well as Sweden, there was a statistically significant relationship between suicide on the one hand, and sales of beer (in Sweden retail sales only) and spirits on the other. A common finding in the two countries was the absence of any effect of wine sales. A tentative interpretation of the findings is that spirits and beer sales are markers of the prevalence of an important risk group for suicide, i.e., heavy drinkers. The fact that beer seems to be of greater importance in this context in Norway – which might be attributable to differences between the two countries in the availability of this beverage – is a reminder of how culturally bounded the findings are. </jats:p
Chain of care for patients with intentional self-harm: an effective strategy to reduce suicide rates?
No full textChain of care for patients with intentional self-harm was important in the Norwegian national action plan to prevent suicide. In this study there were two aims: (1) to calculate the potential effects of chain of care on reducing suicide rates, and (2) to assess whether suicide rates decreased more in areas where chain of care had been implemented than in other areas. We observed no differences in changes in suicide rates between areas with and without the intervention. The calculated potential effects of chain of care on national suicide rates were very small, even under unrealistically favorable conditions.NORSK SAMMENDRAG: Er behandlingskjede for pasienter med villet egenskade en effektiv strategi for å redusere selvmordsratene?\ud
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Det å etablere en behandlingskjede for pasienter innlagt i sykehus etter selvmordsforsøk eller annen villet egenskade har vært en viktig strategi i den norske handlingsplanen for forebygging av selvmord. En behandlingskjede innebærer at pasienten følges opp av en eller flere behandlingsinstanser i inntil ett år etter sykehusoppholdet.\ud
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Individrettet strategi\ud
Studien gir ingen belegg for at en slik individrettet risikostrategi er effektiv for å redusere selvmordsratene i befolkningen. SIRUS-forsker Ingeborg Rossow står sammen med Lars Mehlum, Finn Gjertsen og Bjørn Møller bak studien, som er publisert i tidsskriftet Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior.\ud
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Om studien\ud
Forskerne har beregnet hvor stor den potensielle effekten av behandlingskjeder vil kunne være under ulike betingelser, og sammenliknet endringer i selvmordsrater i befolkningen i områder som har og ikke har innført behandlingskjede.\ud
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Liten effekt\ud
Beregningene av potensielle effekter viste at selv under urealistisk gunstige betingelser ville den forventete effekten på selvmordsrater være veldig liten. I tråd med dette viste også sammenlikningene av observerte selvmordsrater over tid at det ikke var noen forskjeller i endringene i selvmordsrater i områder som har og ikke har innført behandlingskjede
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Alcohol Consumption and Homicides in Canada, 1950–1999
No full text This article addresses whether an association between alcohol consumption and homicide can be established in analyses of Canadian time series data and, if so, whether the strength of the association varies across Canadian provinces and with respect to male and female victim rates. Time series analyses on differenced series of annual aggregate-level data on alcohol sales and homicide rates for the period 1950–1999 were performed for Canadian provinces and the country as a whole. Total alcohol sales were positively and statistically significantly associated with total homicide rates in two provinces and with male homicide rates in three provinces. The effect of alcohol sales was somewhat stronger for male homicide rates than for female homicide rates in two provinces. Pooling of estimates yielded a statistically significant association between alcohol sales and homicide rates for Canada. The findings support the hypothesis that alcohol sales tend to have an impact on homicide rates, and more so in certain provinces and for male homicide rates. </jats:p
How Well Do Survey Studies Capture Alcohol’s Harm to Others?
No full textEmpirical studies assessing alcohol's harm to others very often rely on population survey data. This study addresses some of the problems and challenges in using survey data for this purpose. Such problems include the limited capacity of population surveys in identifying infrequent harm and long-term consequences of drinking. Moreover, the drinker may report the alcohol-related harm or the person being harmed may report the damage. However, irrespective of who reports the harm, causal attribution to drinking is problematic. Challenges for future population surveys to address alcohol's harm to others include the need for improved models and understanding of complex mechanisms to guide empirical studies within the broad range of harm. Study designs other than cross-sectional surveys, such as longitudinal study designs and combinations of population surveys and other data sources, are likely to overcome some of the identified problems in current population surveys of alcohol's harm to others
Trends in Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Harms in Norway around the Turn of the Millennium
No full textAims This study aims to examine whether the significant increase in alcohol consumption in Norway since 1993 is reflected in various alcohol-related harms over the same period. Data The study draws on various register statistics and population sample surveys that provide mostly annual time series data on alcohol-related mortality morbidity crimes and other social harms. Results and Discussion When examining a wide range of alcohol-related harms some—but not all—harm trends were found to follow the same increasing trend as alcohol consumption. The results are discussed with respect to data accuracy as well as more substantive possible explanations for a mismatch in trends in consumption and harms. </jats:sec
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