20 research outputs found
The realization of information and participation rights in child and adolescent psychiatry
No full textTitel, Inhaltsverzeichnis I
Danksagung VII
1 Einleitung (Wiethoff/Dippold) 1
2 Theoretischer Rahmen 5
2.1 Partizipation und Information in der UN-Kinderrechtskonvention (Dippold)
5
2.2 Zum Begriff Partizipation (Dippold/Wiethoff) 16
2.3 Partizipation im medizinischen Kontext (Wiethoff) 23
2.4 Schlussfolgerungen für das eigene Vorgehen: Auseinandersetzung mit der
Sicht betroffener Kinder und Jugendlicher (Wiethoff) 49
3 Empirische Forschungsergebnisse 52
3.1 Stand der empirischen Forschung zum Thema Information (Dippold) 52
3.2 Stand der empirischen Forschung zum Thema Partizipation (Wiethoff) 72
3.3 Weitere Forschungsergebnisse zum Erleben von Aufnahme und stationärer
Behandlung (Wiethoff) 105
4 Fragestellung und Hypothesen (Dippold/Wiethoff) 110
5 Methodischer Teil 113
5.1 Untersuchungsplanung und Durchführung der Untersuchung (Wiethoff/Dippold)
113
5.2 Erhebungsinstrumente (Wiethoff/Dippold) 116
5.3 Statistische Verfahren (Dippold/Wiethoff) 125
6 Ergebnisse 127
6.1 Stichprobenbeschreibung (Wiethoff/Dippold) 127
6.2 Skalenentwicklung (Wiethoff/Dippold) 136
6.3 Zwischenresümee und Schlussfolgerungen für das weitere Vorgehen
(Wiethoff/Dippold) 167
6.4 Inhaltliche Auswertung der Fragebögen zum Erleben der Aufnahme und der
Behandlung 169
6.5 Zusammenhangsanalysen 251
7 Zusammenfassung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse 278
7.1 Methodische Diskussion (Wiethoff) 278
7.2 Inhaltliche Diskussion der Ergebnisse 285
8 Literaturverzeichnis 331
9 Abbildungsverzeichnis 350
10 Tabellenverzeichnis 352
ANHANGAusgehend von der Debatte um Kinderrechte sowie vor dem Hintergrund der
zunehmenden Patientenorientierung in der ärztlichen Behandlung wurde in der
vorliegenden Studie untersucht, wie minderjährige Patienten die Aufnahme in
eine kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Klinik und die stationäre Behandlung
erleben. Im Vordergrund standen dabei die Bewertung der Informations- und
Partizipationspraxis aus der Sicht von Kindern und Jugendlichen sowie die
Beschreibung ihrer Informations- und Partizipationsbedürfnisse.
Aufbauend auf der Darstellung einschlägiger Modelle der Patientenpartizipation
wurden in der Arbeit zentrale Konzepte wie das Informed Consent Paradigma in
Bezug auf ihre Anwendbarkeit auf Kinder einer Analyse unterzogen. Neben den
entwicklungspsychologischen Voraussetzungen von Informationsaufnahme und
Krankheitskonzepten sowie von Partizipation an Behandlungsentscheidungen
wurden im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit darüber hinaus die Auswirkungen von
Patienteninformation und -partizipation dargestellt und diskutiert. Mit der
Vorstellung der sozialpsychologischen Theorie der prozeduralen Gerechtigkeit
wird der Begriff Partizipation abschließend in einem psychologischen Rahmen
interpretiert. Hauptanliegen des empirischen Teils der Arbeit war die
Beschreibung von (1) wahrgenommener Informations- und Partizipationspraxis
sowie (2) von Informations- und Partizipationsbedürfnissen. Ziel war es
weiterhin, (3) die Determinanten wahrgenommener Teilhabe und Information zu
bestimmen und (4) die Auswirkungen von Partizipation und Information auf
emotionale Belastung, Motivation und Behandlungsbewertung zu untersuchen. An
der Studie nahmen insgesamt 298 Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter von 7 bis 17
Jahren aus zwei deutschen kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen
Universitätskliniken (Rostock und Ravensburg) teil. Alle Patienten wurden zum
Zeitpunkt der Aufnahme und der Entlassung befragt, die Rostocker Patienten
zusätzlich vier Wochen nach Behandlungsbeginn. Da weder Instrumente zur
Erfassung des Aufnahmeerlebens noch zur Beschreibung des Erlebens der
stationären Behandlung in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie existierten, war
die auf qualitativen Interviews beruhende Entwicklung von entsprechenden
Erhebungsinstrumenten Voraussetzung für die Durchführung der Studie.
Insbesondere die Entwicklung einer Skala zur wahrgenommenen Partizipation
zählt zu den wichtigen Resultaten. Zusammenfassend zeigt die Untersuchung
deutliche Mängel bei der Umsetzung der Partizipations- und Informationsrechte
Minderjähriger auf, die auf unterschiedliche Weise von Variablen wie Alter,
Geschlecht und Diagnose moderiert werden. Ein weiteres zentrales Ergebnis
weist auf teilweise enorme Differenzen zwischen Informations- und
Partizipationsbedürfnissen einerseits und den wahrgenommenen Realitäten
andererseits hin. Die Untersuchung zeigt auch, dass sich das Erleben der
Aufnahme längsschnittlich auf Behandlungsmotivation und Zufriedenheit
auswirkt. Im Hinblick auf die Beurteilung der Behandlung hat sich insbesondere
das Gefühl, respektiert und in den eigenen Ansichten und Meinung verstanden zu
werden, als ein wichtiger Prädiktor erwiesen. Kinder und Jugendliche wollen
demnach ihre Meinung in Entscheidungsfindungsprozessen berücksichtigt wissen
und ernst genommen werden, aber nicht in die alleinige Verantwortung entlassen
werden. Aus den Ergebnissen unserer Studie lassen sich Implikationen für die
praktische Arbeit mit Kindern und Jugendlichen ableiten sowie Vorschläge für
weitere Forschungsarbeiten.As a reaction to both the debate on children s rights and the increasing
demand for patient oriented medical treatment, this study focused on the
experience of children entering in-patient psychiatric treatment and the
personal evaluation of their therapeutic exposure. Of primary interest were
their perceived degree of involvement in therapeutic processes and their
experience of information.
Based on models of patient participation this study investigated central
concepts like the Informed Consent Paradigm and their applicability for the
treatment of children. The theoretic chapters of the study discussed the
developmental requirements for the understanding of therapeutic information,
the concepts of illness and the participation of minors in treatment
decisions. Finally, the therapeutic consequences of patient information and
participation were described and discussed. The social-psychological concept
of Procedural Justice allowed us to read the notion of participation in
psychological terms. The empirical passages of our study related (1) the
perceived experience of information and participation, (2) the individual
needs for information and participation, (3) the factors that determine the
information and participation practices, and (4) the therapeutic effects of
participation and information for emotional stress, motivation and treatment
success.
298 minors, between the age of 7 and 17, from two German child and adolescent
psychiatric departments located at the University of Rostock and the
University of Ravensburg participated in our study. We interviewed all
patients shortly after admission and at discharge. Due to the absence of
appropriate instruments for the assessment of the therapeutic experience
during the admission and the treatment, the development of relevant scales
based on qualitative interviews constituted the initial requirement for our
study. Thus, the construction of a scale measuring perceived participation
marks the most salient feature of the study. Our results reveal profound
shortcomings in the execution of the rights for information and participation,
all of which are moderated by the variables of age, sex, and diagnosis.
Another significant finding of our study points to the manifest difference
between the articulated needs for information and participation and the
therapeutic realities experienced by our participants. The experience of the
admission process also has longitudinal effects on motivation and
satisfaction. The positive evaluation of treatment, we found, is ultimately
predicted by the degree of respect and importance assigned to the judgments of
minor patients: children and adolescents desire to voice their opinions and
they need to feel important in psychiatric decision making processes yet
they do not demand autonomy. Our study proposes profitable applications for
the therapeutic treatment of children and adolescents and articulates
suggestions for prospective research
Spreading the Wealth: The Influence of First-Generation College Students and Networked Counterstorytelling on Social Capital Theory and Practice
No full textabstract: There is tremendous value in bringing fresh voices and perspectives to theory and practice, as it is through these novel lenses that research advances in rich and more equitable ways. However, the importance of first-generation college students being involved in this process has been vastly underestimated and undervalued by researchers and practitioners alike. Extrapolating from interdisciplinary research on counterstorytelling and networked counterpublics, the aim of this study was to explore how the proposed theoretical model of networked counterstorytelling—as presented through a grassroots digital storytelling campaign—could create space for first-generation student voice and leadership to help inform current theoretical understandings of social capital and community cultural wealth. Using a multimethodological approach—combining large-scale network analytics with qualitative netnographic analysis (Kozinets, 2015)—this study (1) produced novel methods for measuring and analyzing social capital within social media communities and (2) demonstrated how grassroots digital storytelling campaigns, facilitated by the affordances of social media platforms such as Instagram, can function as means for inviting the leadership, voice, and perspectives of first-generation college students into the design of higher education research and practice.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 202
Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhiza and exoenzymes to nitrogen acquisition of sorghum under drought
No full textIntroduction For low-fertile and degraded soils of sub-Saharan Africa, nitrogen (N) is often the most growth-limiting factor restricting crop yields. The often-suggested exploitation of advantageous rhizosphere traits such as enzyme secretion and/or the symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) remains to be validated as a potential strategy to overcome N limitation, especially when N deficiency co-occurs with further abiotic stresses such as water scarcity. Methods Three sorghum genotypes were cultivated in soil mesocosms with a root-exclusion compartment, where only AMF could scavenge for nutrients under drought and optimal conditions. Plant carbon (C) investment into the rhizosphere and N uptake were tracked by 15 N application coupled with 13 CO 2 labeling Results Under drought, uptake of mineral 15 N by AMF from the root-exclusion compartment increased 4–12 times compared to well-watered conditions. In addition, water stress enhanced below-ground allocation of recently assimilated C into microbial biomass. Drought reduced the enzymatic potential (Vmax) of chitinase while increasing leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity. This suggests that N acquisition via protein mineralization in soil was relatively enhanced compared to that of chitin following moisture limitation. LAP substrate affinity (Km) was reduced by drought compared to that of chitinase with genotype-specific shifts in the rhizosphere enzyme systems observed. Conclusion Our findings suggest that below-ground C allocation activated AMF symbiosis and its associated microbiome. This not only led to a shift in enzyme-driven exploitation of distinct organic N sources but also induced a strong increase in AMF-based mineral N acquisition from the mycosphere. This trait plasticity in response to drought may be harnessed to stabilize food production from low-fertile soil under the increasingly negative impacts of droughts due to climate change
Positive intercropping effects on biomass production are species-specific and involve rhizosphere enzyme activities: Evidence from a field study
No full textLess attention has been given to soil enzymes that contribute to beneficial rhizosphere interactions in intercropping systems. Therefore, we performed a field experiment by growing faba bean, lupine, and maize in mono and mixed cultures in a moderately fertile soil. We measured shoot biomass and the kinetic parameters (maximal velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis-constant (Km)) of three key enzymes in the rhizosphere: Leucine-aminopeptidase (LAP), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), and phosphomonoesterase (PHO). Faba bean benefitted in mixed cultures by greater shoot biomass production with both maize and lupine compared to its expected biomass in monoculture. Next, LAP and NAG kinetic parameters were less responsive to mono and mixed cultures across the crop species. In contrast, both the Vmax and Km values of PHO increased in the faba bean rhizosphere when grown in mixed cultures with maize and lupine. A positive relative interaction index for shoot P and N uptake for faba bean showed its net facilitative interactions in the mixed cultures. Overall, these results suggest that over-productivity in intercropping is crop-specific and the positive intercropping effects could be modulated by P availability. We argue that the enzyme activities involved in nutrient cycling should be incorporated in further research. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2021, The Author(s)
An Activity Theoretical Analysis of Microblogging and Blogging by Spanish L2 Learners in a Bridging Activities Framework
No full textabstract: The use of blogging tools in the second language classroom has been investigated from a variety of theoretical and methodological perspectives (Alm, 2009; Armstrong & Retterer, 2008; Dippold, 2009; Ducate & Lomicka, 2008; Elola & Oskoz, 2008; Jauregi & Banados, 2008; Lee, 2009; Petersen, Divitini, & Chabert, 2008; Pinkman, 2005; Raith, 2009; Soares, 2008; Sun, 2009, 2012; Vurdien, 2011; Yang, 2009) and a growing number of studies examine the use of microblogging tools for language learning (Antenos-Conforti, 2009; Borau, Ullrich, Feng, & Shen, 2009; Lomicka & Lord, 2011; Perifanou, 2009). Grounded in Cultural Historical Activity Theory (Engestrom, 1987), the present study explores the outcomes of a semester-long project based on the Bridging Activities framework (Thorne & Reinhardt, 2008) and implemented in an intermediate hybrid Spanish-language course at a large public university in Arizona, in which students used microblogging and blogging tools to collect digital texts, analyze perspectives of the target culture, and participate as part of an online community of language learners with a broader audience of native speakers. The research questions are: (1) What technology is used by the students, with what frequency and for what purposes in both English and Spanish prior to beginning the project?, (2) What are students' values and attitudes toward using Twitter and Blogger as tools for learning Spanish and how do they change over time through their use in the project during the semester course?, and (3) What tensions emerge in the activity systems of the intermediate Spanish-language students throughout the process of using Twitter and Blogger for the project? What are the underlying reasons for the tensions? How are they resolved? The data was collected using pre-, post-, and periodic surveys, which included Likert and open-ended questions, as well as the participants' microblog and blog posts. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the qualitative data was analyzed to identify emerging themes following the Constant Comparative Method (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). Finally, three participant outliers were selected as case studies for activity theoretical analysis in order to identify tensions and, through their resolution, evidence of expansive learning.Dissertation/ThesisMasters Thesis Spanish 201
Turnover of microbial groups and cell components in soil: <sup>13</sup>C analysis of cellular biomarkers
No full text© 2017 The Author(s).Microorganisms regulate the carbon (C) cycle in soil, controlling the utilization and recycling of organic substances. To reveal the contribution of particular microbial groups to C utilization and turnover within the microbial cells, the fate of 13C-labelled glucose was studied under field conditions. Glucose-derived 13C was traced in cytosol, amino sugars and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) pools at intervals of 3, 10 and 50 days after glucose addition into the soil. 13C enrichment in PLFAs (∼1.5% of PLFA C at day 3) was an order of magnitude greater than in cytosol, showing the importance of cell membranes for initial C utilization. The 13C enrichment in amino sugars of living microorganisms at day 3 accounted for 0.57% of total C pool; as a result, we infer that the replacement of C in cell wall components is 3 times slower than that of cell membranes. The C turnover time in the cytosol (150 days) was 3 times longer than in PLFAs (47 days). Consequently, even though the cytosol pool has the fastest processing rates compared to other cellular compartments, intensive recycling of components here leads to a long C turnover time. Both PLFA and amino-sugar profiles indicated that bacteria dominated in glucose utilization. 13C enrichment decreased with time for bacterial cell membrane components, but it remained constant or even increased for filamentous microorganisms. 13C enrichment of muramic acid was the 3.5 times greater than for galactosamine, showing a more rapid turnover of bacterial cell wall components compared to fungal. Thus, bacteria utilize a greater proportion of low-molecular-weight organic substances, whereas filamentous microorganisms are responsible for further C transformations. Thus, tracing 13C in cellular compounds with contrasting turnover rates elucidated the role of microbial groups and their cellular compartments in C utilization and recycling in soil. The results also reflect that microbial C turnover is not restricted to the death or growth of new cells. Indeed, even within living cells, highly polymeric cell compounds are constantly replaced and renewed. This is especially important for assessing C fluxes in soil and the contribution of C from microbial residues to soil organic matter
Turnover of microbial groups and cell components in soil: <sup>13</sup>C analysis of cellular biomarkers
No full text© 2017 The Author(s).Microorganisms regulate the carbon (C) cycle in soil, controlling the utilization and recycling of organic substances. To reveal the contribution of particular microbial groups to C utilization and turnover within the microbial cells, the fate of 13C-labelled glucose was studied under field conditions. Glucose-derived 13C was traced in cytosol, amino sugars and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) pools at intervals of 3, 10 and 50 days after glucose addition into the soil. 13C enrichment in PLFAs (∼1.5% of PLFA C at day 3) was an order of magnitude greater than in cytosol, showing the importance of cell membranes for initial C utilization. The 13C enrichment in amino sugars of living microorganisms at day 3 accounted for 0.57% of total C pool; as a result, we infer that the replacement of C in cell wall components is 3 times slower than that of cell membranes. The C turnover time in the cytosol (150 days) was 3 times longer than in PLFAs (47 days). Consequently, even though the cytosol pool has the fastest processing rates compared to other cellular compartments, intensive recycling of components here leads to a long C turnover time. Both PLFA and amino-sugar profiles indicated that bacteria dominated in glucose utilization. 13C enrichment decreased with time for bacterial cell membrane components, but it remained constant or even increased for filamentous microorganisms. 13C enrichment of muramic acid was the 3.5 times greater than for galactosamine, showing a more rapid turnover of bacterial cell wall components compared to fungal. Thus, bacteria utilize a greater proportion of low-molecular-weight organic substances, whereas filamentous microorganisms are responsible for further C transformations. Thus, tracing 13C in cellular compounds with contrasting turnover rates elucidated the role of microbial groups and their cellular compartments in C utilization and recycling in soil. The results also reflect that microbial C turnover is not restricted to the death or growth of new cells. Indeed, even within living cells, highly polymeric cell compounds are constantly replaced and renewed. This is especially important for assessing C fluxes in soil and the contribution of C from microbial residues to soil organic matter
Single- and Multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation: Principles and Applications for Personal Communications, WATM and Broadcasting: 2nd
No full textSingle- and Multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Principles and Applications for Personal Communications, WLANs and Broadcasting L. Hanzo Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK W. Webb Motorola, Arlington Heights, USA formerly at Multiple Access Communications Ltd, Southampton, UK T. Keller Ubinetics, Cambridge Technology Centre, Melbourn, UK formerly at Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK Motivated by the rapid evolution of wireless communication systems, this expanded second edition provides an overview of most major single- and multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) techniques commencing with simple QAM schemes for the uninitiated through to complex, rapidly-evolving areas, such as arrangements for wide-band mobile channels. Targeted at the more advanced reader, the multi-carrier modulation based second half of the book presents a research-orientated outlook using a variety of novel QAM-based arrangements. * Features six new chapters dealing with the complexities of multi-carrier modulation which has found applications ranging from Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) to Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) * Provides a rudimentary introduction for readers requiring a background in the field of modulation and radio wave propagation * Discusses classic QAM transmission issues relevant to Gaussian channels * Examines QAM-based transmissions over mobile radio channels * Incorporates QAM-related orthogonal techniques, considers the spectral efficiency of QAM in cellular frequency re-use structures and presents a QAM-based speech communications system design study * Introduces Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) over both Gaussian and wideband fading channels By providing an all-encompassing self-contained treatment of single- and multi- carrier QAM based communications, a wide range of readers including senior undergraduate and postgraduate students, practising engineers and researchers alike will all find the coverage of this book attractive
Patienten-aufklärung, Informationsbedürfnis und Informationspraxis in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie. Eine interdisziplinäre Untersuchung zu Partizipationsrechten minderjähriger Patienten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, by Sonja Rothärmel, Ines Dippold, Katja Wiethoff, Gabriele Wolfslast, and Jörg Fegert
No full textTechnical performance and diagnostic utility of the new Elecsys (R) neuron-specific enolase enzyme immunoassay
No full textThis international multicenter study was designed to evaluate the technical performance of the new double-monoclonal, single-step Elecsys neuron-specific enolase (NSE) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and to assess its utility as a sensitive and specific test for the diagnosis of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Intra and interassay coefficients of variation, determined in five control or serum specimens in six laboratories, ranged from 0.7 to 5.3 (interlaboratory median: 1.3%) and from 1.3 to 8.5 (interlaboratory median: 3.4%), respectively. Laboratory-to-laboratory comparability was excellent with respect to recovery and interassay coefficients of variation. The test was linear between 0.0 and 320 ng/ml (highest measured concentration). There was a significant correlation between NSE concentrations measured using the Elecsys NSE and the established Cobas Core NSE EIA II in all subjects (n=723) and in patients with lung cancer (n=333). However, NSE concentrations were systematically lower (approximately 9%) with the Elecsys NSE than with the comparison test. Based on a specificity of 95% in comparison with the group suffering from benign lung diseases (n=183), the cutoff value for the discrimination between malignant and benign conditions was set at 21.6 ng/ml. NSE was raised in 73.4% of SCLC patients (n=188) and was significantly higher (p<0.01) in extensive (87.8%) as opposed to limited disease (56.7%). NSE was also elevated in 16.0% of the cases with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, n=374). It is concluded that the Elecsys NSE EIA is a reliable and accurate diagnostic procedure for the measurement of NSE in serum samples. The special merits of this new assay are the wide measuring range (according to manufacturers declaration up to 370 ng/ml) and a short incubation time of 18 min
