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Struktur, Komposisi Tegakan dan Riap Tanaman Shorea parvifolia Dyer. pada Areal Bekas Tebangan dengan Sistem Silvikultur Tebang Pilih Tanam Indonesia Intensif
No full textApplication of intensive indonesian selective cutting and planting of silviculture system (TPTII) is expected to cause significant changes in the structure and composition of the stand. This relates to the diameter limit of trees felled and the commercial opening of 3 meter wide planting. This study aims to determine the changes in structure and composition of stands in TPTII system and to determine the value increment of plants planted Shorea parvifolia in line with TPTII Silviculture System. This research was held in IUPHHK Erna Djuliawati company area, Centre of Kalimantan which observed the vegetation succession in two different conditions of forest (LOA one and LOA two year). The analysis of vegetation was held with nested sampling technique on the two year forest after logging and striping (Et+2) at three of slope levels. diameter and height of retrieving data Shorea parvifolia plants growing on the path to know the value their increment. The results showed that the composition of the forest after logging has decreased at all levels of vegetation (seedlings, saplings, poles and trees). This is because the forest after harvesting is not fixed and a logged forest in 2006 and 2007. Shannon-Wiener species diversity (H ') in the LOA TPTII 2 (two) years ranged from 2.49 to 3.75 with a medium-high level of diversity. Stand structure on the LOA TPTII 2 (two) years are still indicating the characteristics of natural forest stand structure normal to the inverted J shape curve. Although the number of trees / ha decreased in each diameter class, but the availability of the tree is still quite pretty. Community Similarity Index (IS) between the primary forest with LOA TPTII 2 (two) only 58.03%, so it can be said to be the secondary succession process is still ongoing and not yet reached the climax stage. From the data on diameter growth of Shorea parvifolia can per year was 1.67 cm, while the high growth ranged from 175.32 cm per year. Having done a statistical test can be seen that the slope significantly affect the growth of seedlings in the LOA TPTII 2 (two) years
Komposisi dan Struktur Tegakan pada Areal Bekas Tebangan Tebang Pilih Tanam Indonesia Intensif (TPTII) (Studi Kasus di IUPHHK PT. Suka Jaya Makmur, Kalimantan Barat)
No full textHutan adalah masyarakat tumbuh-tumbuhan yang dikuasai pohon-pohon dan mempunyai keadaan lingkungan yang berbeda dengan keadaan diluar hutan (Soerianegara dan Indrawan 1988). Dalam rangka pengusahaan hutan produksi guna menjamin kelestarian produksi dan fungsi ekologis hutan alam produksi di Indonesia, telah dikeluarkan Surat Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan No. 485/Kpts-II/1989 tentang Sistem Silvikultur Pengelolaan Hutan Alam Produksi di Indonesia. Dalam Surat Keputusan tersebut antara lain ditetapkan bahwa pengelolaan hutan alam produksi dapat dilakukan dengan Sistem Silvikultur Tebang Habis dengan Permudaan Alam (THPA), Tebang Habis dengan Permudaan Buatan (THPB) dan Tebang Pilih Tanam Indonesia (TPTI). Akan tetapi masih perlu diingat, kendatipun panduan sistem-sistem silvikultur diatas diberlakukan dan diikuti akan tetapi masih terdapat kelemahan-kelemahan terutama pada saat pelaksanaannya. Oleh karena itu, guna tercapainya kelestarian ekologi dan kelestarian hasil hutan yang produktif dan optimal maka Departemen Kehutanan mengembangkan suatu sistem silvikultur yang merupakan usaha penyempurnaan dari sistem-sistem sebelumnya yaitu Sistem Silvikultur Tebang Pilih Tanam Indonesia Intensif (TPTII) atau lebih dikenal dengan Sistem Silvikultur Intensif. Penelitian in
Potensi reduksi emisi karbon melalui penerapan pengelolaan hutan lestari di areal hutan konsesi PT Salaki Summa Sejahtera, Provinsi Sumatera Barat
No full textA management unit (MU) of a forest concession holder implementing the sustainable forest management (SFM) principles, could be involved in REDD+ and carbon trading project. The fact, the strategic in implementing the REDD+ and carbon trading in MU level is still lack of pilot project and methodology. Therefore some scenarios must be developed and tested to find out the best potential of carbon credit in MU level. The objectives of the research were: (1) to calculate carbon credit in some SFM scenario, (2) to analyze of carbon trading project feasibility, and (3) to determine carbon stock recovery period of logged over area (LOA). The result revealed that carbon stock and carbon credit of LOA was affected by timber cutting intensity. 6th scenario with lowest AAC (annual allowable cutting) obtained greater carbon credit and profit coming from timber harvesting income and carbon trading. In other hand, this scenario has shortest duration of carbon stock recovery period (27 years) and shorter than its cutting cycle. In this case, the MU has to recalculate and to decrease its AAC to have highest benefits from carbon trading in the same cutting cycle period. It will provide double benefits from carbon trading, those are contribution in achieving the SFM purposes (production, ecology, social) and climate change mitigation
Study on Site Quality of Industrial Plantation Forest of Eucalyptus urograndis hybrid as Raw Materials for Pulp Industry, in Sustainable Forest Management (Case Study in PT Toba Pulp Lestari, Simalungun, North Sumatera)
No full textEucalyptus urograndis (E. urophylla x E. grandis) is a hybrid resulting from cross mating between species E. urophylla S.T. Blake and species E. grandis W.Hill ex Maid and constitutes one of the fast growing species being used as pulp industry raw materials in Sector of Aek Nauli, PT Toba Pulp Lestari, North Sumatra. With the progressive decrease in length of cutting rotation, it is feared that there would be negative impacts on site quality which will ultimately influence productivity, if there is no proper management. The objective of this research was studying site quality of industrial plantation forests of E. urograndis hybrid. This research used survey method by collecting field data in first and second rotation (stand ages of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years). Research results showed that up to age of 5 years, stand growth of E. urograndis hybrid at first rotation reached utilizable volume of 159.89 m3/ha, whereas at second rotation the volume acquired 142.49 m3, so there was volume decrease by 10.8 %. Rotation of maximum volume for first rotation occurred at age of 5.4 years with average volume increment of around 31.85 m3/ha/year, and that of second rotation occurred at age of 6 years with average volume increment of 28.80 m3/ha/ year. There was biomass decrease by 6.3 % for stems with diameter ≥ 5 cm between first and second rotation. There was decrease in site quality from first to second rotation as reflected by decrease in nutrient content in soil, up to depth of 40 cm by 24% for N, 16% for K, 6% for Ca and 16% for Mg. Nutrient elements P and Ca in soils had positive correlation with dominant height of E. urograndis hybrid. On the basis of results of leaf analysis, it could be shown that nutrient N was highly deficient, whereas nutrients Ca and Mg were categorized as deficient so they constituted the limiting factors for growth of E. urograndis hybrid which were planted in Inceptisol soils. Dynamics of nutrient balance with cutting rotation of 5 years was predicted to have negative balance, since the end of first rotation, up to rotation 5. At cutting rotation of 6 years, nutrient balance of N, K and Ca were positive, only at the end of rotation 1, whereas nutrient balances of P and Mg were still positive up to rotation 2. At cutting rotation of 7 years, nutrient balances of N, K and Ca had been negative since the end of rotation 1, except the nutrient balances of P and Mg which were still positive at the end of rotation 1. Quality of site with rotation of 5 years decreased more rapidly as compared with those with cutting rotation of 6 and 7 years. Fertilizer application and several silvicultural techniques are required for recovery of sites and nutrient balance. On the basis of maximum volume rotation, it could be suggested that the optimum rotation for hybrid of E. urograndis in Inceptisol soils is 6 years
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Estimation of Urban Forest Area Required In Bekasi City.
No full textThis paper describes the estimation of urban forest area required in Bekasi ~ using three approaches, i.e., C02 absorption ability, 02 demand and surface stcrr.age capability. The rapid population and economical growth in Jakarta had III ca~se the increase of the spatial need required for office, business center, mall, "C in&tstrial, residential and public areas. This trend had limited the existence of green 3 oJ%1 space. The problems related to population and economical growth are also '" oc~rred in Bekasi City, since Bekasi City is becoming the counter magnet to the plivince of DKI Jakarta. The necessity of urban forest area in Bekasi City continues to..ti..~l row every year along with the increasing needs of water and oxygen demand ali; carbon dioxide produced. The study shows that the most appropriate approach ::I. fo~. estimating the urban forest need is surface storage capability. The study found III that subdistrict which requires the largest urban forest area is West Bekasi OJ sugdistrict. The study also shows that estimation of thF needs of urban forest area .., from 2009 to 2025 are substantially wider than the extent of Bekasi City area. For the current condition, the required urban forest from 2009 to 2025 approximately 48,15 - 111,06 percent of the extent of Bekasi City area
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Model Sistem Pengelolaan Hutan Alam Setelah Penebangan dengan Sistem Tebang Pilih Tanam Indonesia (TPRI)
Full text linkThe study discribes a system model of natural forest on logged over areas under selective cutting and planting system. The study departs from a fact that disturbance of forest from logging activity will affect the equilibrium of forest ecosystem including the forest stand composition. The study was performed in the forest concession area of PT. Inhutani II, Pulau Laut South Kalimantan. From the simulation results derived based upon permanent plot data, it was found that respond of logged over natural forest management system revealed that cutting cycle I after logging requires approximately 24 years, where cutting cycle II requires approximately 37 years. This expresses that cutting cycles are not consist and will change in line with the composition and structure of logged over natural forest as will as their development.
 
Verifikasi Model Sistem Pengelolaan Tegakan Hutan Alam Setelah Penebangan dengan Tebang Pilih Tanam Indonesia (TPTI)
Full text linkLowland Tropical Rain Forest in Forest concession (HPH) PT. Inhutani II, Stagen Pulau Laut, South Kalimantan, and in forest concession PT. Ratah Timber Co, are climax forest under dynamic equilibrium, which are dominated by tree species from Dipterocarps family. Mechanical logging which is conducted in forest concession area will result in the formation of forest with certain composition and structure. Recovery of the forest is left to proceed naturally and will take a certain amount of time, and will affect the next duration of rotation. From the simulation result which were made on the basis of data from permanen plot in area of PT. Inhutani II, it was found that respond of simulation or respond of logged over natural forest management system in permanen plot, revealed that cutting cycle I after logging require ± 24 years time, whereas cutting cycle II require ± 37 years time. Model obtained from simulation result which were made on the basis of data obtained from permanen plot in area of PT. Inhutani II, is used for data which were obtained from non permanen plot at forest concession area of PT. Ratah Timber Co. Respon of simulation from forest concession of PT. Ratah Timber Co reveal that cutting cycle I after logging require ± 30 years time, whereas cutting cycle II require ± 43 years of time. This Phenomena imply that cutting cycles, are not always constant and will change in line with the composition and structure of logged over natural forest and their development with time.
 
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