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LINGKUNGAN FISIK DAN KUALITAS RUANG LUAR PADA PERUMAHAN PADAT DI PERKOTAAN (Studi Kasus: Kampung Kelurahan Petamburan dan Tambora Jakarta)
Full text linkThe high activity in the physical development of urban areas with a high impact of different types of pollutants in the environment of the city, including in the air. This phenomenon in turn lead to a decrease in air quality, health and environmental impact on the level of air in urban areas. This study will look at how the physical environment affects the quality of the air. Characteristics of the physical environment is reflected by the density, height and distance between buildings. The condition of the value of the air quality in an area affected by the micro climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity and wind speed. Air quality values are formed from the elements of primary air pollutant gas emissions of motor vehicles (CO). Descriptive research methods. which is based on field studies and literature and also a case study, as this study intensively describe the current state of the Kampung Petamburan and Tambora. Data collection technic is to take secondary data and survey measurements It can be said that the characteristics of the physical environment influenced by micro climate. Air quality is also affected by the primary air pollutants. Results of the discussion visible moisture factor has a significant role to control air quality. On hot humid climates, humidity greatly affects the air ventilation region.
Keywords: Physical environment, outdoor quality, microclimate, air pollutant
Outdoor thermal comfort and behaviour in urban area
Full text linkOutdoor comfort is important due to the public spaces functions. Open spaces provide thermal comfort and a pleasant experience to improve the city life quality effectively. The influence of thermal comfort in outdoor activities is a complex problem. This paper presents a literature review and discussion of aspects of physical, psychology, and social behaviour toward outdoor thermal comfort. The valuation is determined not only by the “physical state” but also by the “state of mind”. The assessment is static and objective (i.e., physical and physiological characteristics) that it should be measured. Furthermore, an effective model to provide the knowledge of climatic conditions, as well as the dynamic and subjective aspects (i.e., psychological and social characteristics and behaviour), requires a comprehensive interview and observation. The model will be examined to describe the behaviour that is a reflection of perception and behaviour toward the environment. The adaptation process will constantly evolve so that it becomes a continuous cause between human behaviour and the spatial setting of the formation, which is eventually known as places and not just spaces. This evolutionary process is a civic art form
The Relationship Between Building Coverage Toward Both Thermal Comfort and Heat Island Intensity (A Case Study on High Density Housing at Kaliangke, Cengkareng, West-Jakarta)
No full textIn a very compact housing in Jakarta, the open space becomes very narrow. That physical environment prevents the air flow which is a predominant condition in hot humid climate. One way to solve the problems is by controlling the micro climate in the form of arranging the building and arranging vegetation. This case study on high density housing aimed at : (1) find ing out t he correlation between building density toward thermal comfort and heat island intensity. (2) gett ing the information about physical factor that contributes to the relationship. The data on thermal comfort and heat island intensity are gathered through direct measurements by using L utron scale on temperature, humidity, distance among the buildings and high building density . The data on building density are gathered through comparing the ratio between the open space and built space. The result o f this study shows that there is a strong correlation between building density and heat isl a nd intensity. However, high building density does not provide direct contribution to thermal comfort. Different building height affects thermal comfort in that area which confirms what Johansson,Erik; Emmanuel, Robinson (2006), argument on thermal comfort
A Review on Thermal Comfort Through Physiological and Psychological Phenomena on the use of Outdoor Space in Urban Areas
No full textOutdoor space is important in a city because it accommodates pedestrian traffics, and other activities, which significantly contributes to urban livability and vitality. This is a comprehensive discussion on the review of literature relating to thermal comfort of the physiological and psychological phenomena of the outdoor space user in the urban areas. Many studies assess thermal comfort which are merely measured the physiological approach that represents a physiological thermoregulation mechanism when the human body responds to climatic conditions and various environmental factors include air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. The importance of psychological aspects of an individual in considering the external environment needs to be observed as well. Contradiction between psychological behaviors and physiological thermal can be correlated within the theory of environmental behavioral learning.. The process of social learning, such as observation and education, is reflected in the psychological perception (fear of heat and sun exposure) and behavioral adjustment (using umbrella or seeking shade). Therefore, psychological phenomenon and unique behaviors cannot be directly explained by physiological mechanism of thermoregulation. Various models on how to assess thermal comfort will be discussed in a general framework, in order to develop an accurate model. The model can be used as a criterion in determining functional, healthy, and comfortable design of outdoor
Peran Gas Rumah Kaca Pada Produktifitas Hijau Menuju Eco-Kampung Kota di Jakarta (Studi Kasus Kampung Kelurahan Petamburan)
Full text linkKampung kota yang sebagian besar kondisi fisiknya sangat memprihatinkan serta sarat dengan permasalahan lingkungan.Kampung hijau (eco-kampung) adalah salah satu konsep pemecahan masalah kampung kota. Konsep kampung hijau yang dikembangkan oleh Saxena A.K(2006) adalah konsep produktifitas hijau. Produktifitas hijau berusaha meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan fisik sekaligus meningkatkan produktifitas penghuninya. Kampung Hijau dengan pendekatan Produktifitas Hijau menyangkut aspek perbaikan lingkungan yang diantaranya pengurangan esmisi GRK dan aspek perbaikan produktifitas.Dalam rangka perbaikan lingkungan dan produktifitas tersebut maka faktor socio-spatial-control memegang peranan penting. Tulisan ini akan memperlihatkan peran Gas Rumah Kaca dalam menuju Kampung Hijau. Identifikasi masalah dan potensi kampung kota di Jakarta untuk merumuskan model Kampung Hijau dalam konsep Produktifitas Hijau dengan kasus Kampung Petamburan. Metode penelitiannya deskriptif dengan teknik purposif sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara pengukuran, kuesioner, survey lapangan, dan Focus Group Discusion, yang daripadanya dapat diidentifikasi potensi dan permasalahan, khususnya yang terkait dengan peran Gas Rumah kaca dilokasi studi
Understanding Unplanned Settlement Structure As A Result Of Self-Organization In Jakarta
No full textCity design, as a continuous urban place transformation process, emphasizes the process rather than the product, therefore to understand the
physical characteristic of a settlement should be based on an understanding of its formation process. The aim of this study is to discover and understand
the features of those unplanned settlements, which have been created in an autonomous manner without any comprehensive planning. This study is
intended for understanding the complex settlemets structures as the result of self-organization mechanism. Through the mapping, organizing, and
structuring of the settlement structure elements, such as path system and land division system, using information extracted from maps, photographs and
field survey in Kelurahan Petamburan village, the study reveals that there is a strong relationship between the path system and land division system with
the hierarchy of socio-spatial units as the main determinant of unplanned settlement development. The pattern of the path network shows the importance
of the neighborhood unit as socio-spatial unit that driven the settlement evolution. The neighborhood unit represents a closed socio-spatial unit with
intact social and emotional relationships within its community, where effective self-organization mechanism takes place. Responding to the fact that there
is segregation in urban settlement structures, due to relationship between the path - land division systems and the hierarchy of socio-spatial units, one
approach to urban planning is reconfiguration or rescaling of the urban settlement and urban space hierarchy, as well as examining political roles and
socio-spatial implications of various stakeholders with different interests
Micro-Climate and the Use of Kampong-Kota Communal Space
No full textCommunal outdoor space functions as a social space, especially in dense urban housing, such as in a city. The microclimate represents local climatic conditions consisting of temperature, humidity, wind and solar radiation. Many previous studies have looked at the relationships and effects of microclimate that have an impact on the intensity and behavior of outdoor space use. Unfortunately, this research has never been carried out in a dense communal space such as a urban informal settlement. Because there are people who tolerate and end up enjoying feelings of warmth and heat, depending on expectations and thermal experiences in the past. The objective of this study was to assess how much the influence of microclimate elements on the space use is related to preferences on microclimate and spatial use activities. A case study was conducted in a communal space in the informal settlement of Petamburan, Jakarta. The Field Survey included a structured interview with standardized questionnaire and observation of activities in the communal space, along with daytime microclimate monitoring. Data analyzed with PLS (Partial Least Squares) program to obtain the first model showing the measurement model and the second model which was a structural model that shows the estimated power of the equation model among the measured latent/construct variables. The analysis showed that a person's behavior in the form of the arrival rate (frequency) in using their communal space cannot only be evaluated from the conditions of the microclimate in the form of wind but need to be seen first from their preferences (hot and humid) on the microclimate. These results will serve as guidelines for architects and urban designers in describing conditions and possible further developments to improve microclimate conditions based on the physical design of urban space
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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