9 research outputs found
Author attribution: a survey of modern attribution methods
No full textAuthor attribution has been a challenging area of research for many years. It is very helpful in identifying the author of an unknown document. Using features extracted from the documents with known authors we try and match the features with features extracted from document with unknown author. But during the last few years’ technology has substantially advanced. Many new software’s invented, many new algorithms created.
Research advances in areas of information retrieval, natural language processing and machine learning have helped in making the author attribution easier. So the author attribution from the past has now comparably improved in terms of accuracy and is now used in many different areas like plagiarism detection and others.
The main focus of the paper is mainly on the approaches used for author attribution. In this research we will discuss various author attribution approaches that have been discovered in recent years. Furthermore, discuss their merits and demerits
Enforcement of Anti-Money Laundering Policies in Pakistan: A Narrative Review
No full textThis paper assesses the enforcement of Anti-Money Laundering (AML) policies in Pakistan, specifically in financial/bank reporting, risk, and Know-Your-Customer (KYC) policies for 2020-2024. Therefore, this paper proposes a narrative literature review for methodological advancements. This narrative literature review employed a comprehensive analysis of existing research on global money laundering trends, focusing on developed and developing countries. The methodology involved reviewing studies related to AML policies, KYC practices, risk management strategies, and financial reporting to synthesize critical themes and insights. The results indicate that Pakistan has made progress in aligning its AML policies with international standards, including improved KYC measures and financial monitoring. However, challenges like inconsistent enforcement, weak financial reporting standards, and corruption persist. Strengthening financial integrity and regulatory oversight is crucial for improving AML\u27s effectiveness in the country. Policy recommendations emphasize strengthening regulatory enforcement, enhancing financial reporting standards, improving KYC practices through technological integration, and addressing corruption to ensure more effective AML measures in Pakistan
Identification of Varroa Mite Species of Honeybee, Apis mellifera in Khyber Pukhtunkhawa Peshawar, Pakistan
No full textDrones & cultural aesthetic
No full textInitially trained as a miniature painter at the National College of Arts, Lahore, Pakistan, the author has aggressively combined new media and conceptual work with her traditional practice. The work is intended to shed light on the complexity of acculturation, politics, and power.
This visual essay documents and describes Chishty’s projects such as Drone Art Series and other works specifically related to Pakistan’s border relations with countries like India, China, and Afghanistan. The artist will share her inspiration and motivation behind the projects developed since 2011, including paintings, installations, and collaborative projects.Open Restriction set for Item 122782 on 2022-02-03T16:20:57Z with date null by [email protected] by Jamie Coen ([email protected]) on 2022-02-03T16:22:41Z
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Previous issue date: 2021-10-26Ope
Electric Motor Drive Control Optimization
No full textSustainable IndustryDue to the staggering levels of pollution around the world today from gasoline vehicles, the research and production of efficient and eco-friendly electrified vehicles (EVs) is a necessary goal to pursue. As a relatively new technology, much work remains to be done to optimize the internal workings of an EV. An EV powertrain is mainly comprised of a motor, motor drive and battery. The goal is to achieve higher motor efficiency and overall motor performance that can adapt to ideally any and all driving scenarios. The development of a cost-effective motor drive with reduced inverter losses along with the incorporation of a robust motor control will result in dynamic, safe and eco-friendly vehicles on the road. In order to achieve this, there are two parts to the motor drive which are the control board and the inverter. The goal of the author is to improve the motor drive control board which physically houses the required sensors and microcontroller with current and voltage protection, and to optimize the existing motor control. Then there is the programming which is uploaded onto the microcontroller. This code is improved and worked on in order to optimize speed and torque control algorithms. As of now, the motor drive board design has been completed in such a way that it is compatible with various microcontrollers. The current focus is to add software current protection with high level programming algorithms for existing motor control drive purposes. Once the new optimized algorithms have been developed, they will be benchmarked against the existing algorithms to compare their performance levels. Future work includes developing more efficient algorithms and implementing them in a way to elevate performance while reducing inverter losses
Designing of Next Generation Motor Drive Control for Electric Vehicle Application
No full textIn order to achieve a mission of zero emission, as most automotive industries around the world are pledging to, the research and production of efficient and eco-friendly electrified vehicles (EVs) is a necessary goal to pursue. They are of high interest to governments and research facilities across the world as they have higher efficiency levels and are more environmentally friendly than current gasoline vehicles. At the core of electric vehicle application, electric motor drives act an important role to direct the motor to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and provide electrical control of the processes. Therefore, it is required for researchers to make the motor drive more energy-efficient and have bi-directional power flow capability to ensure the improvement of motor performance and be flexible regarding controllability. The goal of the author is to investigate the development of a better motor-drive to achieve a control that provides a superior control of the traction motor. This requires improving the existing flux weakening motor control that is used for traction application. The improved control is programmed and hard coded into a Digital signal processor which is embedded in the control drive board. In a conventional inverter, this drive unit controls the gate drivers which in turn controls the IGBTs, there by enabling variation in operating performance of the motor. Currently, there is a lack of unified program that can operate any kind of traction motor like permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) or induction motors(IM). This is leading automotive industries to invest a lot of resources in research and development in this field of work so that the future vehicles can be swapped with any motor as per requirement. The authors are currently working on developing this motor control and also reducing the complexity of the code and real-time operation on the microcontroller. This will be implemented in future on existing and new-generation inverters to test the control on various motor and inverter setups
An 18–28 GHz dual-mode down-converter IC for 5G applications
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024, The Author(s).Emerging spectrum trends require a higher integration of 5G New Radio Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and Frequency Range 2 (FR2) bands to enhance the availability of spectrum and spectrum-sharing opportunities. To enable the reception of both FR1 and FR2 bands in a seamless hardware entity, we propose combining homodyne and heterodyne architectures. This necessitates the incorporation of a down-converter module that transfers the incoming signals from FR2 bands down to FR1, ensuring compatibility with an FR1 direct-conversion receiver (DCR) for the final signal reception. The primary focus of this paper is the design and implementation of the required integrated down-converter. The module includes an integrated balun, a low-noise amplifier (LNA) with a bypass mode, a dual-mode mixer, and an intermediate frequency (IF) amplifier. The introduced bypass mode helps to further elevate the linearity performance compared to the nominal mode. The bypass mode is designed for joint communication and sensing operation to avoid the compression of the receiver. This work also incorporates a local oscillator (LO) signal distribution network with phase tuning elements using a mixed-signal approach. The circuit is implemented in a 22-nm CMOS process, and the active die area is 0.6 mm 2 . The measurements demonstrate that the implemented chip can efficiently perform the required frequency conversion over a wide frequency range of 18–28 GHz. Conversion gain of 4.5–7.5 dB, noise figure of 15–19.7 dB, 1 dB compression point (IP1dB) of − 16 to − 10 dBm, and input third-order intercept point (IIP3) of − 5 to 0 dBm are achieved. The measured IP1 dB and IIP3 for the bypass mode are +0.5 to +4.5 dBm and +8.5 to +10 dBm, respectively.Peer reviewe
Commentary: Correlation analysis of serum vitamin D levels and post-operative cognitive disorder in elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumor
No full text© 2022 Tondehal, Hawa, Malik, Hamid,
Malekunnel, Adnan, Trivedi, Mansuri
and Jain. This is an open-access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License
(CC BY). The use, distribution or
reproduction in other forums is
permitted, provided the original
author(s) and the copyright owner(s)
are credited and that the original
publication in this journal is cited, in
accordance with accepted academic
practice. No use, distribution or
reproduction is permitted which does
not comply with these terms.Dear Editor,
We read with great interest the article, ‘Correlation Analysis of Serum Vitamin D Levels and Post-operative Cognitive Disorder (POCD) in Elderly Patients With Gastrointestinal Tumor' (1). This relevant article has explored the ongoing discussion regarding Vitamin D's multiple roles in maintaining health.
We have the following additional thoughts. The study missed addressing the complications faced during recovery from the surgery. Examples that can influence cognition are anesthesia recovery and electrolyte imbalance because of fluid loss during or after the surgery. Also, body weight plays a role in anesthesia recovery, i.e., lipid-soluble anesthetics with redistribution may affect a smooth recovery and result in continued confusion (2). The study failed to consider the association between the different anesthesia depths and POCD (3). The study misses considering the role of post-operative pain management in altering cognition (4). Elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors may have fat depletion, influencing the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins such as Vitamins A, D, E, and K (5). Nutrient absorption is affected in most gastrointestinal tumors, especially fat absorption (6). Vitamins D, A, and K have antioxidant properties that influence post-surgery recovery (7, 8). Therefore, one way to identify absorption abnormalities could be to check the levels of other fat-soluble vitamins (A, E, and K). These findings suggest that low Vitamin D levels could be an expected and coincidental finding (9).
As Major Depressive Disorder affects cognition, screening patients for pre-existing depression could have been informative (10). The study discusses different confounders and mentions age and sex as significant confounders. However, the article does not clarify whether the odds ratios presented are crude or adjusted using multivariate logistic regression. In addition, women are more prone to osteoporosis and low vitamin D levels after menopause (11). It would be helpful to know the extent of confounding by reviewing the crude and adjusted odds ratios. Controlling for factors mentioned above (depression, anesthesia recovery, and pain management) would help provide a robust result that would assist the clinicians.
We believe that addressing the above issues will further improve the impact of this study
Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textBackground: Accurate assessments of current and future fertility—including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions—are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical challenges that these changes will bring. Estimates and projections of fertility are necessary to inform policies involving resource and health-care needs, labour supply, education, gender equality, and family planning and support. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 produced up-to-date and comprehensive demographic assessments of key fertility indicators at global, regional, and national levels from 1950 to 2021 and forecast fertility metrics to 2100 based on a reference scenario and key policy-dependent alternative scenarios. Methods: To estimate fertility indicators from 1950 to 2021, mixed-effects regression models and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression were used to synthesise data from 8709 country-years of vital and sample registrations, 1455 surveys and censuses, and 150 other sources, and to generate age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) for 5-year age groups from age 10 years to 54 years. ASFRs were summed across age groups to produce estimates of total fertility rate (TFR). Livebirths were calculated by multiplying ASFR and age-specific female population, then summing across ages 10–54 years. To forecast future fertility up to 2100, our Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) forecasting model was based on projections of completed cohort fertility at age 50 years (CCF50; the average number of children born over time to females from a specified birth cohort), which yields more stable and accurate measures of fertility than directly modelling TFR. CCF50 was modelled using an ensemble approach in which three sub-models (with two, three, and four covariates variously consisting of female educational attainment, contraceptive met need, population density in habitable areas, and under-5 mortality) were given equal weights, and analyses were conducted utilising the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. To capture time-series trends in CCF50 not explained by these covariates, we used a first-order autoregressive model on the residual term. CCF50 as a proportion of each 5-year ASFR was predicted using a linear mixed-effects model with fixed-effects covariates (female educational attainment and contraceptive met need) and random intercepts for geographical regions. Projected TFRs were then computed for each calendar year as the sum of single-year ASFRs across age groups. The reference forecast is our estimate of the most likely fertility future given the model, past fertility, forecasts of covariates, and historical relationships between covariates and fertility. We additionally produced forecasts for multiple alternative scenarios in each location: the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for education is achieved by 2030; the contraceptive met need SDG is achieved by 2030; pro-natal policies are enacted to create supportive environments for those who give birth; and the previous three scenarios combined. Uncertainty from past data inputs and model estimation was propagated throughout analyses by taking 1000 draws for past and present fertility estimates and 500 draws for future forecasts from the estimated distribution for each metric, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) given as the 2·5 and 97·5 percentiles of the draws. To evaluate the forecasting performance of our model and others, we computed skill values—a metric assessing gain in forecasting accuracy—by comparing predicted versus observed ASFRs from the past 15 years (2007–21). A positive skill metric indicates that the model being evaluated performs better than the baseline model (here, a simplified model holding 2007 values constant in the future), and a negative metric indicates that the evaluated model performs worse than baseline. Findings: During the period from 1950 to 2021, global TFR more than halved, from 4·84 (95% UI 4·63–5·06) to 2·23 (2·09–2·38). Global annual livebirths peaked in 2016 at 142 million (95% UI 137–147), declining to 129 million (121–138) in 2021. Fertility rates declined in all countries and territories since 1950, with TFR remaining above 2·1—canonically considered replacement-level fertility—in 94 (46·1%) countries and territories in 2021. This included 44 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, which was the super-region with the largest share of livebirths in 2021 (29·2% [28·7–29·6]). 47 countries and territories in which lowest estimated fertility between 1950 and 2021 was below replacement experienced one or more subsequent years with higher fertility; only three of these locations rebounded above replacement levels. Future fertility rates were projected to continue to decline worldwide, reaching a global TFR of 1·83 (1·59–2·08) in 2050 and 1·59 (1·25–1·96) in 2100 under the reference scenario. The number of countries and territories with fertility rates remaining above replacement was forecast to be 49 (24·0%) in 2050 and only six (2·9%) in 2100, with three of these six countries included in the 2021 World Bank-defined low-income group, all located in the GBD super-region of sub-Saharan Africa. The proportion of livebirths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa was forecast to increase to more than half of the world's livebirths in 2100, to 41·3% (39·6–43·1) in 2050 and 54·3% (47·1–59·5) in 2100. The share of livebirths was projected to decline between 2021 and 2100 in most of the six other super-regions—decreasing, for example, in south Asia from 24·8% (23·7–25·8) in 2021 to 16·7% (14·3–19·1) in 2050 and 7·1% (4·4–10·1) in 2100—but was forecast to increase modestly in the north Africa and Middle East and high-income super-regions. Forecast estimates for the alternative combined scenario suggest that meeting SDG targets for education and contraceptive met need, as well as implementing pro-natal policies, would result in global TFRs of 1·65 (1·40–1·92) in 2050 and 1·62 (1·35–1·95) in 2100. The forecasting skill metric values for the IHME model were positive across all age groups, indicating that the model is better than the constant prediction. Interpretation: Fertility is declining globally, with rates in more than half of all countries and territories in 2021 below replacement level. Trends since 2000 show considerable heterogeneity in the steepness of declines, and only a small number of countries experienced even a slight fertility rebound after their lowest observed rate, with none reaching replacement level. Additionally, the distribution of livebirths across the globe is shifting, with a greater proportion occurring in the lowest-income countries. Future fertility rates will continue to decline worldwide and will remain low even under successful implementation of pro-natal policies. These changes will have far-reaching economic and societal consequences due to ageing populations and declining workforces in higher-income countries, combined with an increasing share of livebirths among the already poorest regions of the world. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens
