135,324 research outputs found
Development of a syllabus for postgraduate respiratory physiotherapy education: the Respiratory Physiotherapy HERMES project
No full textNot availabl
High-Efficiency Solar Cells Based on Cu(InAl)Se[sub 2] Thin Films
No full textA Cu(InAl)Se2solar cell with 16.9% efficiency is demonstrated using a Cu(InAl)Se2thin film deposited by four-source elemental evaporation and a device structure of glass/Mo/Cu(InAl)Se2/CdS/ZnO/indium tin oxide/(Ni/Algrid)/MgF2. A key to high efficiency is improved adhesion between the Cu(InAl)Se2 and the Mo back contact layer, provided by a 5-nm-thick Ga interlayer, which enabled the Cu(InAl)Se2 to be deposited at a 530 °C substrate temperature. Film and device properties are compared to Cu(InGa)Se2 with the same band gap of 1.16 eV. The solar cells have similar behavior, with performance limited by recombination through trap states in the space charge region in the Cu(InAl)Se2 or Cu(InGa)Se2 layer
Oxygen supply, body size, and metabolic rate at the beginning of mammalian life
No full textTo test the relationship between hypoxia/ischemia tolerance and metabolic rate in neonatal tissues, isolated unperfused hearts of neonatal, juvenile, and adult mice were studied by microcalorimetry and microrespirometry. Additionally, microslices of mouse hearts were prepared and studied in a microcalorimeter under different oxygenation conditions. Neonatal hearts had a slower hypoxic/ischemic decline in heat output than adult organs, correlated with a higher uptake of physically dissolved oxygen from the incubation solution. In the slice experiments, the neonatal samples were found to exhibit a higher metabolic activity which enables them to maintain, at low pO(2), a similar metabolic rate as the adult tissue at high pO(2). This corresponds to the fetal adaptation to low intrauterine oxygen tensions and might be a common basis for the elevated neonatal hypoxia/ischernia tolerance as well as for the postnatal increase in metabolic rate up to the level to be expected from body size. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Tüketici kredisi ile satın alınan maldaki veya hizmetteki ayıp nedeniyle doğan uyuşmazlıklar
No full textTeslim borcuna bağlı ve ondan çıkan bir diğer borç ise, ayıba karşı tekeffül borcudur. Eser sözleşmesi, bir işgörme akdi olduğu hâlde, müteahhidin ayıba karşı tekeffül borcu, temlik borcu doğuran satım akdindeki gibi düzenlenmiş olup; teslim borcunun bir devamı olmaktadır. Bu suretle ayıba karşı tekeffül borcu, teslim borcunun hem sonucu, hem de tamamlayıcısı niteliğin dedir. İşgörme borcunun gereği olarak, sonuçtan sorumlu olmak gerektiği hâlde; şeyin teslimine ilişkin ayıba karşı tekeffül yolu işlenerek, kuruluş tarzı farklı iki hukukî durumun, aynı sonuca erişmesi sağlanmıştır. Ancak ayıba karşı tekeffül borcunun meydana gelmesi için, eserin tamamlanarak teslim edilmiş olması gereğinin yanısıra, ayıplı olması ve iş sahibinin de eseri zamanında muayene ederek, tesbit ettiği ayıpları zamanında ihbar etmiş olması, şart olarak aranmaktadır. Nitekim örneğin, ihraç edilen malın İngiltereye ulaşmasından sonra, gönderilen tarafın talebi üzerine düzenlenen gözetim raporunda malın hasarlı ve bozuk olduğu belirlenmiş olmasına karşın; gönderilen 6102/TTK m.23/1-c hükmüne göre, Ticarî satış ve mal değişimi konusunda, Bu maddedeki özel hükümler saklı kalmak şartıyla, tacirler arasındaki satış ve mal değişimlerinde de Türk Borçlar Kanununun satış sözleşmesi ile mal değişim sözleşmesine ilişkin hükümleri uygulanır (m.23/1); ancak Malın ayıplı olduğu teslim sırasında açıkça belli ise alıcı iki gün içinde durumu satıcıya ihbar etmelidir. Açıkça belli değilse alıcı malı teslim aldıktan sonra sekiz gün içinde incelemek veya incelettirmekle ve bu inceleme sonucunda malın ayıplı olduğu ortaya çıkarsa, haklarını korumak için durumu bu süre içinde satıcıya ihbarla yükümlüdür. Diğer durumlarda, 6098/TBK m. 23/II hükmü uygulanır (6102/TTK m. 3/1- c).La prestation doit etre exécutée suivant au principe de conformité au contrat. Lorsque le créancier ne peut obtenir l exécution de l obligation ou ne peut l obtenir qu imparfaitement, le débiteur est tenu de réparer le dommage en résultant, à moins qu il ne prouve qu aucune faute ne lui est imputable (CO Art. 97/1). Afin de réaliser une satisfaction complète du point de vue du principe de conformité au contrat , si le d éfaut de la prestation est prouvé, le consommateur peut exiger du vendeur qu'il rép are le bien ou le remplace, à moins que ces modes de dédomm agement soient impossibles ou disproportionnés; que le caractère dispr oportionné du mode de dédommagement doit être déterminé de manière objective; qu'un mode de dédommagement est disproportionné s 'il impose des coûts déraisonnables par rapport à l'autre mode de dédommagement; que, pour que des coûts soient jugés déraisonnables, il faut qu'ils soient considérablement plus élevés que ceux de l'autre mode de dédommag ement ( Directive 1999/44/CE du Parl ement Européen et du Conseil du 25 mai 1999 sur certains aspects de la vente et des garanties des biens de consommation, Considérant 8)
Comparison of in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection on live birth rates in couples with non-male factor infertility and advanced maternal age: overlooked details-response from authors
No full textLetter to the EditorAbstract not available.Kelton Tremellen, Andrew D. Vincent, Leanne Pacella-Ince, Nicole O. McPherso
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Biochemical and functional studies of a novel complement inhibitor, CRIT, with its interaction partners
No full textComplement C2 receptor trispanning (CRIT), a three transmembrane receptor, was first
discovered on the surface of the parasite Schistosoma haematobium and formerly termed
Schistosoma trispanning orphan receptor (Sh-TOR). This receptor acts as decoy C2-
binding receptor to protect the parasite from classical pathway-mediated complement
attack by competing with C4 for the binding of C2. The first extracellular domain (ed1)
proved to be the hot spot for the binding of C2.
The first part of my work and the detailed results will be presented and discussed in
Section I. Apart from Schistosoma, another parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and rat also
express CRIT and show high sequence homology. The cloning of human CRIT was
started by PCR with the templates from both genomic DNA and cDNA. The primers used
were selected from the conserved region. The human CRIT nucleotide sequences from
genomic DNA and cDNA are identical, implying that human CRIT is encoded by a
single exon, and therefore an intronless gene. A phylogenetic analysis of the available
CRIT genes giving a measure of their evolutionary distance shows that the parasite
species are as far removed from their human host as is the rat sequence. This is thought to
be an example of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in terms of genetic transfer between
host and parasite. In addition, the cellular distributions and localizations of human CRIT
were determined by immonblotting and immunohistochemistry.
It has been showed that a major binding site for C2 is located on short almost identical
peptide sequences of CRIT-ed1 and the β-chain of C4. The C2 domain(s) involved in
these bindings, however, has remained unknown. Since most of the von Willebrand
factor-A (vWFA) domains are components of the extracellular matrix and very often are
the sites for protein-protein interaction in cell adhesion protein, such as integrins, the
vWFA domain of C2 was speculated to be the potential site of interaction with CRIT and
C4. To further address this question, the vWFA domain (amino acids 224-437) of C2 was
cloned and the first functional recombinant vWFA protein was expressed and purified.
Based on the functional data, the vWFA domain of C2 is a potential binding site for both
C4 and CRIT, and this forms the major aspect of Section II.
The major findings of the regulatory effect of CRIT on the alternative pathway are
summarized in Section III. In view of the fact that the classical and alternative
complement pathways have many functional and structural similarities, the regulatory
effect of CRIT on the alternative pathway was further investigated. In this study, as 11
amino acid peptide (CRIT-H17) derived from the C-terminal part of CRIT-ed1 was used,
as it was found to be a potent inhibitor of the classical pathway. The data presented
indicates that CRIT-H17 also functions as a regulator of the alternative pathway. Besides
binding C2, CRIT-H17 was shown to bind factor B and its two fragments, Ba and Bb,
and C3b but not factor D. For this, interacting proteins were stabilized with a crosslinking
agent and complexes detected by immunoblots. CRIT-H17 bound to FB, possibly
at the junction of Ba and Bb near the factor D cleavage site, and blocked the factor Dmediated
cleavage of FB. Unlike DAF, CRIT-H17 had no decay accelerating activity on
the C3bBb complex. Additional experiments showed that CRIT-H17 partially inhibited
the factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b in the presence of factor H or CR1. These data
indicate that the regulatory role of CRIT-H17 in the alternative pathway is complex,
probably related to its dual binding to factor B and C3b
Sb2S3 İnce Filmlerinin Yapısal ve Optik Özellikleri
No full textBu çalışmaya konu olan antimon sülfür ince filmler ultrasonik sprey piroliz tekniği kullanılarakhazırlanmıştır. Farklı alttaş sıcaklığına bağlı olarak hazırlanan antimon sülfür ince filmlerin optik veyapısal özellikleri sırasıyla UV-vis spektrofotometri ve XRD analizi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu şekildealttaş sıcaklığını değiştirerek optik ve yapısal özelikleri kontrol etmek mümkün olmuştur. Filmlerin optiközellikleri, UV-vis spektrometresi kullanılarak enerji bant aralığı ölçümleri ile analiz edildi. 275, 300 ve325 °C’ de yapılan ve tavlanmamış filmler için enerji bant değerleri sırasıyla 2.36, 2.47 ve 1.84 eV olarakbulunurken, 500 °C’de sülfür ortamında tavlanan filmler için enerji bant değerleri sırasıyla 1.73, 1.76 ve1.77eV olarak bulundu. Bütün yönelimler için mikro yapı (e), düzlemler arası mesafe (d), kristalbüyüklüğü (D) ve dislokasyon yoğunluk (?) XRD analizi kullanılarak belirlendi
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