4,828 research outputs found
Sasajiscymnus perpusillus Hayat, Naz, Khan & Canepari 2017
No full text41. Sasajiscymnus perpusillus Hayat, Naz, Khan & Canepari, 2017 Sasajiscymnus perpusillus Hayat Naz, Khan & Canepari, 2017: 658. Distribution: Pakistan.Published as part of Iqbal, Zafar, Nasir, Muhammad Farooq & Bodlah, Imran, 2020, A new species of Sasajiscymnus Vandenberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan, pp. 379-390 in Zootaxa 4759 (3) on page 387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/374122
The treatment of women within Pakistani domestic legal system: A relativist challenge to the universalist concept of human rights, the potential of European Union’s mandate of external relations and actions for addressing the challenge.
No full textLe norme, le politiche e le prassi interne in Pakistan non sono sempre in linea con l’obbligo di assicurare il rispetto dei diritti umani senza discriminazioni. Ciò si deve sia a fattori interni che esterni. A livello interno, il forte relativismo culturale e religioso, l’allontanamento del sistema giuridico della Sharia dall'Ijtihad (ragionamento giuridico indipendente) verso il Taqleed (seguire un percorso predefinito), le eredità coloniali, l'esistenza di istituzioni statali parallele, la continua divisione tra la maggioranza tradizionalista e la minoranza modernista della società pakistana, la riluttanza e l'incapacità del legislatore, portano all'adozione di riforme legislative che altro non sono che il frutto di compromessi.
Esternamente, due insidie del diritto internazionale dei diritti umani perpetuano questo problema: la possibilità di introdurre riserve ai trattati pertinenti e la mancanza di efficaci meccanismi volti alla loro attuazione. Le riserve permettono una diffusa partecipazione ai trattati internazionali sui diritti umani, ma minano la capacità delle norme in esse contenute di raggiungere uno status universalistico e possono assecondare il relativismo culturale e religioso. D'altra parte, la mancanza di un meccanismo di attuazione coercitiva impedisce l'applicazione sostanziale e la realizzazione indiscriminata a livello nazionale delle norme sui diritti umani, al di là del loro riconoscimento formale.
Qualsiasi proposta per la soluzione di questi problemi dovrebbe essere bidimensionale. Dovrebbe avere il potenziale per mediare i lati negativi dell'attuale sistema internazionale di protezione dei diritti umani, fornendo efficaci meccanismi di attuazione e, al contempo essere accettabile per le parti interessate, a fronte di un forte relativismo culturale e religioso.
A livello interno, tale obiettivo può essere raggiunto leggendo la Sharia alla luce degli obblighi sui diritti umani, da un lato, e promuovendo un'interpretazione dei diritti umani meno focalizzata sul modello occidentale, dall’altro. Dagli esempi progressisti di Tunisia, Egitto e Marocco, il Pakistan può imparare come la Sharia possa essere interpretata in modo modernista con un approccio non essenzialista e come le dottrine di Ijtihad, Takhayyur e Talfiq, invece del Taqleed, debbano essere impiegate. Ciò sarà fondamentale per raggiungere l'obiettivo di riformulare o ritirare le ampie e vaghe riserve apposte dal Pakistan ai regimi pattizi sui diritti umani.
A livello esterno, meccanismi di attuazione efficaci per l’attuazione delle norme sui diritti umani possono essere ricercati al di fuori degli strumenti sui diritti umani. Così, il rispetto dei diritti umani potrebbe essere associato ad incentivi economici e commerciali. L'Unione europea interagisce con gli Stati terzi attraverso la politica commerciale comune, l'assistenza, la cooperazione allo sviluppo e fornendo posizioni commerciali preferenziali e altri incentivi economici ai paesi in via di sviluppo. Rispettare e promuovere i diritti umani è una condizione per acquisire e mantenere lo status di beneficiario del libero scambio.
Questa ricerca analizzerà innanzitutto le norme internazionali sui diritti umani vincolanti per il Pakistan e gli esempi di riserve poste ai trattati pertinenti da altri paesi di tradizione islamica. Guarderà poi al sistema giuridico e politico del Pakistan dal punto di vista delle norme internazionali sui diritti umani. Soffermandosi sulle relazioni economiche tra l'UE e il Pakistan, esaminerà la cooperazione tra l'UE e il Pakistan, cercando di valutare quali sono le aree trascurate e le lacune, e quale ulteriore ruolo può svolgere l'UE nella promozione e attuazione delle norme internazionali sui diritti umani in Pakistan, in modo da valutare se il commercio possa effettivamente essere un mezzo per respingere le spinte relativiste al concetto universalista dei diritti umani, come suggerirebbe l'adagio il commercio unisce i nemiciThe domestic laws, policies, and practices of Pakistan are hardly in line with the Country’s international commitments to indiscriminately respect human rights. This is due both to internal and to external factors. Internally, strong cultural and religious relativism, misconceived departure of Shariah legal system from Ijtihad (independent legal reasoning) to Taqleed (following a predefined path), colonial legacies, the existence of parallel state institutions, the continuous divide between the majority traditionalist and minority modernist segments of Pakistani society, and the reluctance and inability of legislature, lead to the adoption of legislative reforms that are no more than the child of compromises.
Externally, two pitfalls of international human rights law perpetuate this problem: the possibility to introduce reservations to human rights treaties and the lack of effective enforcement mechanisms. While allowing a widespread participation to international human rights treaties, reservations undermine the potential of human rights standards to achieve universalist status and may lead to cultural and religious relativism. On the other hand, the lack of a coercive enforcement mechanism impinges upon the substantial application and indiscriminate realization at the domestic level of human rights standards, beyond their formal recognition.
In order to be effective, any proposed solution to these problems should be two-dimensional. It should have the potential to mediate the downsides of the existing international human rights protection system, by providing effective enforcement mechanisms, but at the same time it should be acceptable to the relevant stakeholders, at the face of strong cultural and religious relativism.
Internally, this can be done by reading Shariah in line with human rights obligations, on one hand, and advocating for a less western-centric interpretation of human rights, on the other hand. From the progressive examples of Tunisia, Egypt and Morocco, Pakistan can learn how the rules of Shariah can be given modernist interpretations with a non-essentialist approach and how the doctrines of Ijtihad, Takhayyur, and Talfiq, instead of Taqleed, should be employed. Adoption of these tools and attitudes will be instrumental in achieving the objective to reformulate, narrow down and/or withdraw Pakistan’s broad and vague reservations to human rights treaty regimes.
Externally, effective enforcement mechanisms for the purpose of implementing international human rights standards may be sought outside human rights instruments. Thus, human rights compliance could be associated to trade and other economic incentives. The European Union interacts with non-EU states through common commercial policy, assistance, development cooperation and by providing preferential trading positions and other economic incentives to developing and least developing countries. Respecting, ensuring, and promoting international human rights is a condition for acquiring and retaining free trade beneficiary statuses.
This research will first analyse the international human rights standards binding on Pakistan and examples of reservations placed to human rights treaties by other countries of Islamic tradition. Secondly, it will examine the domestic legal and political system of Pakistan from the perspective of international human rights law. Focusing on the economic relations between the EU and Pakistan, it will then examine the current nature and level of engagements between EU and Pakistan, and it will attempt to assess what are the neglected areas and the loopholes and what further role the EU can play in the promotion and effective enforcement of international human rights standards in Pakistan, so as to assess whether trade could actually be a means to mediate the relativist challenge to the universalist concept of human rights, as the adage “trade brings the enemies together” would suggest
Pioneers of Library Movement in Pakistan
No full textThe paper aims to describe in brief the contribution of seven leaders of Pakistan librarianship, viz. K.B. Khalifa M. Asadullah, Prof. Dr. Abdul Moid, Dr. Abdus Subuh Qasimi, Muhammad Shafi, Fazal Elahi, Khawaja Nur Elahi and S. V. Hussain. The early library developments are given for better understanding of the role of these leaders
Harnessing the Cloud: A Novel Approach to Smart Solar Plant Monitoring
No full textRenewable Energy Sources (RESs) such as hydro, wind, and solar are merging as preferred alternatives to fossil fuels. Among these RESs, solar energy is the most ideal solution; it is gaining extensive interest around the globe. However, due to solar energy’s intermittent nature and sensitivity to environmental parameters (e.g., irradiance, dust, temperature, aging and humidity), real-time solar plant monitoring is imperative. This paper’s contribution is to compare and analyze current IoT trends and propose future research directions. As a result, this will be instrumental in the development of low-cost, real-time, scalable, reliable, and power-optimized solar plant monitoring systems. In this work, a comparative analysis has been performed on proposed solutions using the existing literature. This comparative analysis has been conducted considering five aspects: computer boards, sensors, communication, servers, and architectural paradigms. IoT architectural paradigms employed have been summarized and discussed with respect to communication, application layers, and storage capabilities. To facilitate enhanced IoT-based solar monitoring, an edge computing paradigm has been proposed. Suggestions are presented for the fabrication of edge devices and nodes using optimum compute boards, sensors, and communication modules. Different cloud platforms have been explored, and it was concluded that the public cloud platform Amazon Web Services is the ideal solution. Artificial intelligence-based techniques, methods, and outcomes are presented, which can help in the monitoring, analysis, and management of solar PV systems. As an outcome, this paper can be used to help researchers and academics develop low-cost, real-time, effective, scalable, and reliable solar monitoring systems
Pakistan-US Relations During the Imran Khan Era (2018-2022): An Analysis of Strategic Shifts
No full textThis research article examines the evolution of Pakistan's foreign policy towards the United States during the tenure of Prime Minister Imran Khan (2018-2022). The period witnessed significant strategic shifts in Pakistan-US relations, marked by both cooperation and tensions. This study explores key factors influencing these shifts, including geopolitical interests, regional security concerns, economic dependencies, and the changing dynamics of global politics. By analyzing the major events, diplomatic interactions, and policy statements, this article aims to understand the complexities of Pakistan-US relations during this era
sj-pdf-2-tar-10.1177_1753466620926853 – Supplemental material for Potential specific therapies in COVID-19
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-2-tar-10.1177_1753466620926853 for Potential specific therapies in COVID-19 by Muhammad Hamdan Gul, Zin Mar Htun, Nauman Shaukat, Muhammad Imran and Ahmad Khan in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease</p
sj-pdf-1-tar-10.1177_1753466620926853 – Supplemental material for Potential specific therapies in COVID-19
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-tar-10.1177_1753466620926853 for Potential specific therapies in COVID-19 by Muhammad Hamdan Gul, Zin Mar Htun, Nauman Shaukat, Muhammad Imran and Ahmad Khan in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease</p
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan’s First Public Address
No full textThe critical Discourse analysis is often applied to political discourse analysis including the public speech (J.Wang, 2010) that views language as a social practice. The objective of current study is to highlight the discourse which has been worked behind the first speech delivered by Imran khan after taking oath of premiership, and examine his political maturity. Imran Khan was once a renowned cricket celebrity and now he has become the head of leading political party (PTI) in Pakistan that has won majority of seats in the recent held general election 2018 in the country. The stance he has maintained in his political career is “the fair play and justice”. The same has been reiterated in his median speech as the prime minister of Pakistan. The discourse has been analyzed according to Fairclough’s tri-phased model. He developed the concept of synthetic personalization to account for the linguistic effects providing an appearance of direct concern and contact with the individual listener in mass-crafted discourse phenomena (Language & Power, 1989). The data has been observed from the textual version of PM Khan Speech with a benchmark approach. The current study explores how he carries various phases to control the mind of masses as language is the basic tool for constructing individual and group relationship and(R.Fowler) discourse analysis studies attempt to elaborate this relationship. Keywords: Discourse , fair play , challenges , ideology , power , contro
Socio-Cultural Determinants of Child Marriages and Teenage Pregnancies among Adolescent Girls and Young Women: A Case Study of District Sanghar and Karachi
No full textChild marriages and early age
pregnancy are an alarming issue
among adolescent girls and young females in South
Asian region. This research was carried out to
understand the knowledge, attitude, and practices
towards child marriages and early age pregnancies.
For this purpose an exploratory research design was
employed and data was gathered through using
qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The
research found that the respondents were lacking
authentic knowledge about sexual and reproductive
health rights. Most of the respondents were having
access to public and private health service providers
and this channel can be a source for the quality
information about sexual and reproduce health and
rights. An integrated approach through combing all
the channels and stakeholders of the society can be
vital for the desired social change to counter child
marriages and early age pregnancies
Smart Provisioning of Sliceable Bandwidth Variable Transponders in Elastic Optical Networks
No full textPrior provisioning of optical source technologies have techno-economic importance for the operator during the design and planning of optical network architectonics. Advancement towards the latest technology paradigm such as Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) open a gateway for a flexible and re-configurable optical network architecture. In order to achieve the required degree of flexibility, a flexible and dynamic behaviour is required both at the control and data plane. In this regards, SDN-enabled flexible optical transceivers are proposed to provide the required degree of flexibility. Sliceable Bandwidth Variable Transponders (SBVTs) is one of the recent type of flexible optical transceivers. Based on the type/technology of optical carrier source, the SBVTs are categorized into two types; Multi-Laser SBVT (ML-SBVT) and Multi-wavelength SBVT (MW-SBVT). Both architectures have their own pros and cons when it comes to accommodate traffic request. In this paper, we propose a selection model for the SBVTs before its actual deployment in the network. The selection model consider various design and planning phase network characteristics. In addition to this selection model, the comparison of centralized Flex-OCSM architecture is also presented with the already discussed SBVT types. The analysis in this work is performed on random network (20 nodes) and the German Network (17 nodes)
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