583 research outputs found
On New Footnotes to Shingo
No full textThe Toyota Production System (TPS) has continually inspired scholars of production management to a search for its essence. Two new interpretations have recently been advanced. Firstly, Johnston has argued that conventional production management is based on an approach to management called management-as-planning. The central assumption is that intentional activity is based on a representation of the world. Thus, management is essentially about planning, i.e. manipulation of that representation. Instead, the TPS is essentially based on an approach called management-as-organizing. Here it is assumed that human activity is inherently situated, i.e. a response to the situation in question. Secondly, Spear and Bowen have claimed that the key to understand the TPS is the idea of the scientific method. When a production standard is defined, it also establishes a hypothesis that can be tested. Thus, they seem to emphasize the approach of managementas- learning as the foundational idea behind the TPS. It is shown that while providing fresh and deeper understanding to management in the TPS, these interpretations are partial and can be positioned inside the view on production management presented by Shingo. In fact, based on Shingo and other extant analysis, it can be argued that there are four approaches to management that are applied in tight coupling and synergistically in the TPS: management-as-organizing, management-as-planning, management-as-adhering and management-as-learning. It is concluded that the superiority of the TPS in comparison to its rivals is founded not only on a better theory of production, but also on a better theory of management
Método para eventos Gembra kaizen
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.A Manufatura Enxuta está baseada nas práticas do Sistema Toyota de Produção. O principal objetivo deste é reduzir e eliminar perdas a fim de deixar a organização mais ágil e flexível, conseqüentemente mais competitiva. É importante deixar claro que para a implantação das práticas de chão de fábrica da Manufatura Enxuta é necessário um sistema de gestão da introdução destas práticas, sendo que este sistema de gestão deve ser planejado com base em um método que facilite a introdução das práticas e a sustentação dos resultados. Em geral as empresas estão utilizando o método Gemba Kaizen (GK) para tal. Este método deve se munir das principais práticas da ME focado na eliminação de desperdícios através do envolvimento das pessoas. A premissa do método Gemba Kaizen é de que irá se realizar um Evento no Gemba (chão de fábrica) para se obter um Kaizen (mudança para melhor). O modo como este Evento se dará é o que está sendo abordando nesta dissertação de mestrado, chamado de método para o Evento Gemba Kaizen. O cerne do método para o Evento Gemba Kaizen é o envolvimento das pessoas na busca de melhorias voltadas aos pilares de entrega, qualidade e custo. O método propõe eventos que tragam resultados de uma forma rápida a baixo custo e que envolvam a todos, incluindo a alta administração. O método proposto vem sendo testado em uma grande empresa e está demonstrando excelentes resultados, onde já foram realizados enumeras aplicações, e criou vida própria, pois tem sido procurado por todos os níveis para realização de melhorias. The Lean Manufacturing is based on the Toyota Production System. The main objective of this is to reduce and to eliminate wastes in order to leave the organization most agile and flexible, consequently more competitive. It is important to say that for the implantation of Lean Manufacturing#s practical ones in the soil-of-plant, a system of management to introduce these practical is necessary, being that this system of management must be planned being based on a method that the introduction of the practical ones facilitates and the sustentation of the results. In general the companies are using the method Gemba Kaizen (GK) for this. This method must be used main the practical ones of LM, centered in the elimination of wastefulnesses through the envolvement of the people. The premise of the Gemba Kaizen#s method is of that an Event in the Gemba (plant soil) will be become fullfilled to get a Kaizen (change for better). The way as this Event will be given is what it is being approaching in this master#s dissertation, called method for the Gemba Kaizen#s Event. The heart of the method for the Gemba Kaizen#s Event is the envolvement of the people in the search of improvements, directed to them pillars of delivery, quality and cost. The method suggests events that bring resulted of a fast form, low cost and that they involve to all, including the high administration. This method comes being tested in a great company and it is demonstrating excellent results, where already some applications had been carried through, creating proper life, therefore has been looked for all the levels for accomplishment of improvements
Evaluation of Post-license Advanced Driver Training in Italy
No full textAbstractPost-license advanced driver training addresses different categories of road users such as: novice drivers, professional drivers, company employers and recidivists. These training courses can be carried out on-track or on the road. On-track courses allow participants to gain knowledge on driving physics and experience limits in a safe road environment. On-road courses are more focused on hazard perception and situation awareness.Although extensive research has been done in this field, knowledge of the effects of these courses on road accident risk remains unclear. Previous evaluation of on-track courses did not always show a positive effect on crash rate. For example, post-license training focused on mastery of driving skills can lead to an increase of accident risk, especially on young males.However, research identified several factors that may enhance the effectiveness of driving training. In Europe a new framework for driver education and training has been proposed based on a safe driver hierarchical model (the GADGET model) and the development of a strategy for continuous learning.According to this framework, an evaluation study of on-track post-license advanced driver training has been undertaken in Italy with the main goal of assessing the safety effects of these courses and identifying training aspects to be improved. Besides crash rate, the study aims at assessing also driver behavior, knowledge of risks, self-evaluation and training quality.This paper presents the results of the possible effects of advanced driver training on driving behavior, considering in particular the number and type of violations. For each driver, data on age, gender and driving violations history were extracted from the platform and the national violations database.Three cases were addressed through a before-after analysis with control group. Case 1 considers all drivers who attended an ADT course. Case 2 aimed at understanding the effects of the courses on a specific target group: the traffic violators. Case 3 is similar to Case 2, however the control group was selected in a way that drivers characteristics and the violation rate was similar to the violation rate of the treatment group in the before period.The significance of the differences highlighted was assessed through appropriate statistical tests (i.e. paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test).The study showed in general a higher propensity to commit traffic violations after attending an ADT course. These results are in contrast to what expected and show the necessity to diversify the training classes according to the different needs of participants
A methodology to assess pedestrian crossing safety
No full textPurpose: The safety level of a pedestrian crossing is affected by infrastructure characteristics and vehicular and pedestrian traffic level. This paper presents a methodology that allows assessing the safety level of a pedestrian crossing, regulated or not by traffic light, in an urban area according to the features of the crossing. Methods: A hierarchical structure representing factors influencing crossing safety has been developed and the relative contributions of each factor were calculated using AHP method. A composite index for crossing safety and specific indexes for main aspects included in the assessment have been developed. Results: Main assessment aspects are: Spatial and Temporal Design, Day-time and Night-time Visibility and Accessibility. Night-time Visibility resulted to have the higher weight (about 41%). Conclusion: Developed indexes allow ranking of pedestrian crossings and assigning intervention priorities, highlighting the aspects which are to be enhanced. The methodology has been used for the evaluation of 215 pedestrian crossings in 17 European cities for the Pedestrian Crossing Assessment Project co-financed by FIA Foundation. © 2010 The Author(s)
Development of a Learners’ Dictionary of Polysemous Japanese Words and Some Proposals for Learners’ Lexicography
No full textThe dictionary series Nihongo tagigo gakushū jiten (“A Learner’s Dictionary of Multi-sense Japanese Words”) proposes a new approach to learners’ dictionaries, based on cognitive linguistics theory and on a corpus-based approach. Each entry is presented as a semantic network which follows the patterns of semantic extensions from a word's core meaning to derived meanings. A corpus, Sketch Engine, was consulted in order to select natural and frequently used examples, which were then edited to make them understandable to learners. Illustrations are also provided in an attempt to visualise the common meaning (schema) shared by the various meanings of the word
Focalização da produção aplicada a agroindústria
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.Este trabalho apresenta um modelo geral de focalização da produção e através da implantação deste modelo, identificar, a partir de um estudo de caso. Este trabalho inicialmente mostra uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito do tema "focalização da produção" e assumindo que esta forma de produção é a mais adequada, atualmente, apresenta um modelo geral para a aplicação da focalização da produção que após a revisão foi implantado em uma área piloto. O trabalho de implantação do sistema de produção é apresentado passo a passo com comentário a respeito de cada etapa. Finalmente a conclusão deste trabalho mostra a viabilidade e os benefícios trazidos com a implantação deste sistema de produção
Um modelo para avaliação e implantação da mudança de um sistema de produção convencional para manufatura celular empregando simulação discreta
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.Este trabalho apresenta um modelo para avaliação e implantação da mudança de um sistema de produção convencional para manufatura celular empregando simulação discreta. Usa-se a tecnologia de grupo como forma de criar as famílias de produtos. Analisam-se alternativas de layout celular para servir de base para a execução do modelo. Utiliza-se a simulação computacional como ferramenta de análise capaz de mensurar quantitativamente as mudanças introduzidas no sistema. Apresenta-se um estudo de caso de uma empresa metal-mecânica situada no sul de Santa Catarina. A partir da análise dos resultados e das conclusões efetuadas é possível ter-se uma idéia clara das vantagens obtidas em se migrar para um sistema de produção com células de manufatura, tais como: maior produtividade, menor tamanho do lote, menor lead time, melhor taxa de utilização do espaço físico e operadores mais polivalentes
Strategies to enhance long-term competitiveness in the telecommunications industry : lessons for NTT
No full textThesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-75).In the telecommunications industry, the market is highly global as well as competitive in this era of Internet and data communications. Telecommunications carriers compete with not only other telecommunications carriers providing broadband access and mobile communication but also network application and service providers, which are significant threats for telecommunications carriers. It is difficult for telecommunications carriers to control the market for two significant reasons. Firstly, due to the maturity of technology as well as customers, network services have become commoditized. Secondly, telecommunications network services are vulnerable to over-the-top services based on the Internet. This study aims to investigate how large telecommunications carriers can continue to be competitive in such an environment. This paper focuses on three kinds of strategic options that enable large high-tech companies to continue to make profits; internal R&D, growth and diversification, and M&A. In the second chapter the author focuses on IBM and Cisco, which are good examples of how large companies have evolved over time, combining these three strategies. Then, the use of the three strategies by major telecommunications carriers is investigated. Finally, in the fourth chapter, the author analyzes the future competitiveness of the NTT Group, the major telecommunications carrier in Japan, using these strategies within the next decade.by Shingo Kawai.S.M. in Engineering and Managemen
Characteristics and Mechanism of Carbonate Precipitates in Life Environment
No full textScedule:17-18 March 2003, Vemue: Kanazawa, Japan, Kanazawa Citymonde Hotel, Project Leader : Hayakawa, Kazuichi, Symposium Secretariat: XO kamata, Naoto, Edited by:Kamata, Naoto"Basic Research Center, INAX Coporatio
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