5 research outputs found
Diversity and abundance of giant clams in Anambas Islands, Indonesia
No full textGiant clam is one of the most common types of bivalves found in coral ecosystem. Geographically, these clams have limited distribution in the Indo-Pacific tropics, from the Red Sea to the Pacific Islands of Tuamotu. Ecologically, the clam acts as bio-filtration and natural bio-deposition. The presence of clams becomes a marker that the waters are still good and the absence of harmful pollutants. The population of this clam in Indonesian waters continues to decline. Anambas archipelago are known for its rich diversity of marine life. Since the establishment of this area became NACA as an ATP in 2014, marine tourism activities grew rapidly. Therefore it is necessary to do this research which aims to know the diversity of species and abundance of clams in the waters of Anambas Islands. Field survey was conducted in August 2015 by using Belt Transect method. The research results found 6 species with D1 value is 0.593. The overall abundance is 0.144 indv.m-2. Tridacna crocea has the highest abundance and relative abundance of the highest species of the other species of 60.54%. Meanwhile, the smallest relative abundance is Tridacna gigas which is only 2.36%
Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis clinical isolates in Thailand
No full textObjective: To trace the history of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis, SE) circulating in Thailand, we characterised clinical isolates obtained during 2004-2007. Methods: Antimicrobial resistance profiles, multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) types and 3 representative virulence determinants (spvA, sodCI and sopE) were established from SE isolates (n = 192) collected from stool and blood of patients throughout Thailand during the period 2004-2007. Results: Resistance was found in SE against 10 out of 11 antimicrobials studied. The highest resistance ratios were observed for nalidixic acid (83.2%), ciprofloxacin (51.1%) and ampicillin (50.5%), and 25.5% were multidrug resistant. Based on five polymorphic tandem repeat loci analysis, MLVA identified 20 distinct types with three closely related predominant types. A significant increase of AMP resistance from 2004 to 2006 was strongly correlated with that of a MLVA type, 5-5-11-7-3. Conclusion: The usage of antimicrobials in human medicine or farm settings might act as selective pressures and cause the spread of resistant strains. Hence, a strict policy on antimicrobial usage needs to be implemented to achieve the control of resistant SE in Thailand. (C) 2016, Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) Content in Coral Reefs and Its Effect on The Abundance of Indicator-Fishes in The Anambas Islands
No full textThe coral reef ecosystem has been continuously degraded in various parts of Indonesia, including the Anambas Islands. This research aimed to discover the content of Potassium Cyanide (KCN) accumulated on corals and the effect on indicator fishes abundance in the Anambas Islands. This research was conducted at 25 observation stations in the Anambas Islands National Marine Protected Area. The potassium cyanide (KCN) content was tested with the principle of titration and distillation. The coral samples used ranged from 10-20 g diluted in 100-200 ml distilled water. The method used to determine the abundance of indicator fish was underwater visual census or UVC, which recorded fish in every station. This research recorded 307 fish individuals from 14 species of the Chaetodontidae family. Potassium Cyanide's content on corals was high ranging from 0,009-0,032 mg/L with an average 0,0205 mg/L. We concluded that there was a negative correlation between the content of Potassium Cyanide (KCN) on corals and indicator fishes abundance, which means the higher the Potassium Cyanide content (KCN) is on corals, the lower the indicator fishes abundance will point out
PENDEKATAN SPASIOTEMPORAL DALAM MENILAI DINAMIKA IKAN KARANG UNTUK MENDUKUNG KEBIJAKAN KONSERVASI LAUT DI KAWASAN PULAU PIEH (2021–2024)
No full textTerumbu karang merupakan ekosistem penting yang mendukung keanekaragaman hayati laut, dengan ikan karang memainkan peran kunci dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kelimpahan ikan karang dan struktur komunitas terumbu karang secara spasial dan temporal di Kawasan Konservasi Pulau Pieh, Sumatera Barat. Penelitian menggunakan data primer yang didapatkan dari 16 stasiun pengamatan yang tersebar di berbagai zonasi konservasi (zona inti, pemanfaatan, dan rehabilitasi) pada kedalaman 5–10 meter, menggunakan metode Underwater Visual Census (UVC) untuk ikan karang dan Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) untuk terumbu karang. Data sekunder didapatkan dari hasil monitoring pengelola kawasan konservasi selama tahun 2021-2024 pada periode yang sama setiap tahun. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman ikan karang berada pada kategori sedang (1 ≤ H’ ≤ 3), keseragaman komunitas sedang hingga tinggi (E > 0,5), dan dominansi rendah (C < 0,5), yang mengindikasikan kondisi ekosistem yang sehat. Hasil Component Analysis (CA) kelimpahan ikan karang dan tutupan karang menunjukan adanya keterkaitan antara stasiun pengamatan, tutupan karang dan kelimpahan ikan. Penurunan tutupan karang dan kelimpahan ikan pada tahun 2024 menandakan adanya pengaruh dari tekanan ekologis maupun aktivitas antropogenik sehingga pengelolaan yang optimal dan pengetahuan masyarakat perlu ditingkatkan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar ilmiah dalam pengelolaan kawasan konservasi secara efektif dan berkelanjutan.Coral reefs are vital ecosystems that support marine biodiversity, with reef fishes playing a key role in maintaining the balance of these ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal relationship between reef fish abundance and coral reef community structure in the Pieh Island Marine Conservation Area, West Sumatra. The research used primary data conducted at 16 observation stations across different conservation zones (core, utilization, and rehabilitation zones) at depths of 5–10 meters, using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method for reef fish and the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method for coral reefs. Secondary data was obtained from monitoring conducted by conservation area managers during the same period each year from 2021 to 2024. The results showed that reef fish diversity was in the moderate category (1 ≤ H’ ≤ 3), community evenness was stable in moderate to high (E > 0.5), and dominance was low (C < 0.5), indicating a healthy ecosystem condition. The Component Analysis (CA) of reef fish abundance and coral cover revealed a correlation between observation stations, coral cover, and fish abundance. A decline in coral cover and fish abundance in 2024 indicates the influence of ecological stress and anthropogenic activities, highlighting the need for improved management and increased community awareness. The results of this study can serve as a scientific basis for effective and sustainable marine conservation area management
EVALUASI MULTITEMPORAL INDEKS KESEHATAN KARANG DI KAWASAN KONSERVASI PULAU PIEH DAN LAUT SEKITARNYA (2021-2024): ANALISIS BIOFISIK DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN BERBASIS EKOSISTEM
No full textTerumbu karang merupakan ekosistem laut yang memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga biodiversitas dan ketahanan lingkungan pesisir. Namun, dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, degradasi terumbu karang terus meningkat akibat aktivitas antropogenik dan perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Indeks Kesehatan Karang (Coral Health Index / CHI) di Kawasan Konservasi Pulau Pieh dan perairan sekitarnya dalam periode 2021-2024 menggunakan pendekatan biofisik dan statistik. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 16 stasiun pengamatan, menggunakan data parameter bentik (tutupan karang hidup, resiliensi) dan biomassa ikan karang yang diperoleh melalui metode Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) dan Underwater Visual Census (UVC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai CHI berkisar antara 3 hingga 10, dengan beberapa stasiun menunjukkan tren peningkatan sementara lainnya mengalami stagnasi atau penurunan. Analisis Spearman correlation mengindikasikan bahwa parameter kualitas air (pH, DO, suhu, dan salinitas) tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap CHI pada semua tahun pengamatan (p-value > 0,05). Analisis Principal Component Analysis (PCA) menunjukkan bahwa faktor kualitas air bukan penentu utama perubahan CHI, tetapi tekanan ekologis dan aktivitas antropogenik lebih berperan dalam menentukan kondisi kesehatan terumbu karang. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk pengelolaan berbasis ekosistem guna menjaga keberlanjutan ekosistem terumbu karang.Coral reefs are marine ecosystems that play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and coastal environmental resilience. However, in recent decades, coral reef degradation has continued to increase due to anthropogenic activities and climate change. This study aims to analyze the Coral Health Index (CHI) in the Pieh Island Conservation Area and its surrounding waters from 2021 to 2024 using biophysical and statistical approaches. The analysis was conducted at 16 observation stations using benthic parameters (live coral cover, resilience) and reef fish biomass data collected through the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) and Underwater Visual Census (UVC) methods. The results indicate that CHI values range from 3 to 10, with some stations showing an increasing trend while others experience stagnation or decline. Spearman correlation analysis indicates that water quality parameters (pH, DO, temperature, and salinity) do not have a significant relationship with CHI in all observation years (p-value > 0.05). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows that water quality factors are not the main determinants of CHI changes; instead, ecological pressure and anthropogenic activities play a more significant role in determining coral reef health. This study provides recommendations for ecosystem-based management to ensure the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems
