6 research outputs found
Using a New Evidence-Based Trauma Protocol to Improve Detection and Reduce Costs in Patients With Blunt Cardiac Injury
No full textEnergetics of Ideal Grain Boundary Fracture in Iron and the Thermodynamic Criterion of Impurity Embrittlement
No full textABSTRACTModeling of grain boundary (GB) relaxation during ideal fracture, and the fracture energetics of a Σ3 (111) GB in Fe was performed using the modified Finnis-Sinclair semi-empirical method, and utilizing the so-called “environment-sensitive embedding energies” of impurity atoms, introduced earlier by the author. The calculations were done for both the clean GB, and GB with the following impurity atoms: H, B, C, N, O, P and S. The ideal fracture was modeled by separating the two halves of crystal normal to the GB, step-wise, minimizing the total crystal energy at every step. The interplanar distances were varied, while the Fe interatomic spacing within the hexagonal planes was held fixed. When the distance between the two crystal halves: one with the impurity and another without, exceeded the interatomic interaction cut-off radius (3.6 Å), two different free surfaces - with and without the impurity - emerged. The GB and surface energies were found both for the pure Fe, and that with impurity atoms at the GB or free surface. Both the (111) GB energy and the (111) surface energy of pure Fe agree well with experimental data and results of previous semi-empirical modeling. In general, the correlation between the embrittling/ cohesion enhancing effect of impurities in GB and the difference between the GB and free surface energies agrees with the thermodynamic criterion of embrittlement.</jats:p
Kreativität, morphologisches Weltbild und Erfindungsalgorithmus. Zur transnationalen Emergenz von Kreativitäts- und Ideenfindungstechniken während der Nachkriegszeit und des Kalten Krieges
No full textCreativity and ideation techniques are being part of many occupational and scientific concepts and practises today. Techniques such as mind maps, brainstorming, so-called morphological methods, or complex invention algorithms as TRIZ (theory of inventive problem solving) can be found for instance within design, engineering, artistic research or educational science. Despite their popularity in practical application, from a scientific point of view, they often carry the stigma of the popular or pseudo-scientific. They are only rarely viewed as being historically conditioned – especially with regard to the post-war period and Cold War. During and directly following the end of World War II, one can observe that loads of techniques pop up for systematic stimulation, (re)discovery, and visualization of “ideas”. The project of exploring and assisting creative processes and potentials was shaped by virulent contemporary occurrences and its debates, such as the Sputnik Crisis, the constant nuclear threat, or the debate on the two scientific cultures. (Snow, 1959). In my text I want to highlight this transnational dimension of creativity debates and techniques using the examples of first morphological methods, and second the invention algorithm TRIZ. Morphological methods were mainly developed and promoted by Swiss born astrophysicist Fritz Zwicky (1898–1974), professor at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, after the end of World War II. In my second example I will introduce a theory of inventive problem solving called TRIZ, developed by the Russian engineer, inventor and author Genrich S. Altschuller (1926–1998). I will contextualize the two mentioned examples against the historical and cultural background of the post-war period and Cold War. As a result I will try to correlate them with regard to noticeable patterns and motives of argumentations referring to time and cultural specific conceptions of creativity, innovation and invention
Czech Versions of the German Lagends about the Ratcatcher from Hamelin
No full textBakalaura darba tēma ir „Vācu leģendas par Žurku ķērāju no Hamelinas čehu versijas”. Darbā tiek apskatīti dažādi jautājumi, saistīti ar leģendas sižetu, to transformāciju, jauno variantu izveidošanu un populāru leģendu sižetu izmantošanu čehu literatūrā.
Vācu leģendas sižets par Žurku ķērāju ir ļoti populārs dažādas valstīs, kā arī Čehijā. Čehijas autori Viktors Diks un Dāniels Landa izmantoja sižetu savos darbos, transformējot to un izveidojot savus principiāli jaunus variantus. Viktors Diks pamatojas uz tādiem pazīstamiem variantiem kā Gētes balāde, Brauninga poēma, Grima brāļu leģenda, Geines dzejolis un viduslaiku avoti. Dāniels Landa pārsvarā izmantoja Viktora Dika motīvus un sižetus savā darbā, kā arī tēlus no Henrika Heines dzejoļa.
Bakalaura darbs ir izstrādāts krievu valodā uz 57 lappusēm. Darbā izmantoti 33 literatūras avoti.The theme of current work is “Czech Versions of the German Legends about the Ratcatcher from Hamelin” Author is writing about the plot of the legend and its transformations, the creation of new versions and the usage of the popular legend’s plot in Czech literature.
The plot of German legend is very popular in different countries, also in Czech Republic. Czech authors Victor Dyk and Daniel Landa use the plot in their literary works. They made some transformations and created principally new variants of the legend. Victor Dyk`s work is based on such popular variants of legend as Goethe’s ballad, Browning’s poem, Grimm brothers legend, Geine`s poem and the sources of Middle Ages. Daniel Landa uses Victor Dyk`s motifs and plots but also uses characters from Genrich Geine`s poem.
Work is 57 pages long. Were used 33 literary sources
Análise do uso de sinvastatina e arcabouços de PLGA+HA no reparo ósseo de defeitos criados na calota craniana de ratos
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em OdontologiaEste estudo avaliou a resposta tecidual e inflamatória do uso de sinvastatina e arcabouços de PLGA+HA no reparo ósseo de defeitos produzidos na calota craniana de ratos. Um defeito de 5 mm de diâmetro foi criado em cada osso parietal de 180 animais, divididos em 6 grupos: naïve, sham, veículo, arcabouço de PLGA+HA, sinvastatina (4 mg/ml) e a combinação de arcabouço e sinvastatina. As intervenções foram realizadas somente no lado direito e o lado esquerdo serviu como controle. Os animais foram sacrificados nos 1, 7, 15, 30 e 60 dias pós-operatórios para coleta das amostras teciduais. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de análise de variância ANOVA, seguida pelos testes de Tukey e Bonferroni (p<0,05). A atividade inflamatória foi avaliada nos dias 1, 7 e 15 por meio da dosagem das citocinas TNF? e IL1?. A sinvastatina aumentou, significativamente, os níveis de TNF? no período de 1 dia quando comparado ao grupo naïve (p<0,05). A presença do arcabouço aumentou, significativamente, os níveis de IL1? no período de 1 dia quando comparado aos grupos naïve (p<0,001), sham (p<0,001), veículo (p<0,001), sinvastatina + arcabouço (p<0,001) e, sinvastatina (p<0,01). As análises de 7 e 15 dias mostraram queda nos níveis destas citocinas em todos os grupos. O reparo ósseo foi avaliado por densitometria nas radiografias das amostras de tecido ósseo, observando-se atraso na mineralização nos grupos veículo e sinvastatina nas análises de 15 e 30 dias (p<0,01). Nos demais grupos ocorreu mineralização progressiva a partir do sétimo dia e, aos 60 dias, todos os grupos apresentaram valores de densitometria estatisticamente semelhantes. Não houve diferença estatística em relação a mineralização dos lados direito e esquerdo, exceto entre o grupo sinvastatina + arcabouço do lado direito, com densitometria superior ao lado esquerdo (p<0,001). Conclui-se que o uso da sinvastatina e arcabouços de PLGA+HA, isolados ou associados, não permitiram um melhor reparo ósseo quando comparados aos controles.To evaluate tissue repair and inflammatory responses promoted by simvastatin and PLGA+HA scaffolds in bone defects created in rat calvaria. A 5-mm-diameter defect was created in each parietal bone of 180 animals, divided into 6 groups: naïve, sham, vehicle, PLGA+HA scaffold, simvastatin (4 mg/ml) and the combination of simvastatin and scaffold. All the interventions were done only on the right parietal bone while the left side served as control. Tissue sample collection was performed on postoperative days 1, 7, 15, 30, and 60. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA followed by post-hoc tests (p<0.05). Tissue levels of TNFa and IL1ß were evaluated on days 1, 7 and 15 in order to assess the inflammation status. Simvastatin significantly increased levels of TNFa on day 1 compared to the naïve group (p <0.05). The scaffold group significantly increased the levels of IL1ß on day 1 compared to naïve (p <0.001), sham (p <0.001), vehicle (p <0.001), simvastatin + scaffold (p <0.001), and simvastatin alone (p <0.01) groups. In all groups, at 7 and 15 days, these cytokines showed a decrease in levels. Bone healing was evaluated by densitometry on radiographs of the bone tissue samples, indicating that there was a delay in mineralization in vehicle and simvastatin groups until the 15th and 30th days (p <0.01). From the seventh day on, a progressive mineralization was observed in all other groups while, within 60 days, all groups showed statistically similar values of density. There was no statistical difference between the sides, except between the right side of simvastatin + scaffold, with higher density than the left (p<0.001). It may be concluded that the use of simvastatin and scaffolds of PLGA + HA, alone or in association, did not allow a better bone repair when compared to controls
TRIZ: theory of inventive problem solving used at process planing in automotive industry.
No full textGenrich Saulovich Altshuller (☼1926 - 1998) pesquisou milhares de patentes com o objetivo de sistematizar o processo de solução de problemas. De sua pesquisa nasceu a TRIZ, Teoria para a Resolução de Problemas do Inventor. Ela é composta de várias ferramentas e métodos que foram validadas na Rússia na década de 1980. Na década seguinte a TRIZ migrou para o ocidente, principalmente para Alemanha e Estados Unidos, por meio de emigrantes russos que fugiam das dificuldades econômicas em seu país. A TRIZ é pouco conhecida no Brasil e não existe quase nenhuma literatura sobre ela em português. No capítulo 1 é apresentada a motivação para este trabalho. No capítulo 2 são apresentados os conceitos da teoria. No capítulo 3 suas ferramentas. Os capítulos 2 e 3 formam um compêndio da metodologia de Altshuller. No capítulo 4 é proposta uma maneira de utilizar a TRIZ e, em seguida, no capítulo 5, por meio de estudos de casos, avalia-se a metodologia para aplicação na indústria automotiva. No capítulo 6 o autor apresenta uma proposta para o treinamento e disseminação da metodologia dentro de uma empresa. Por fim, no capítulo 7, conclui-se que é possível auferir um diferencial positivo frente à concorrência com o uso da TRIZ, apesar da dificuldade em aprendê-la.Genrich Saulovich Altshuller (☼1926 - 1998) search thousands of patents aimed on systematize the problem solving process, using creativity. This research leads to a set of tolls and methods to name TRIZ (Russian acronym) or TIPS (English acronym). These tools and methods were extensively validated by Altshuller and his students and collaborator during 80s decade. Ten years late it was spread through the west by "triznik" migration. TRIZ isnt well known in Brazil and there are a few literatures, almost any, in Portuguese. First chapter presents the motivation for this piece of work. Chapter 2 introduces TRIZ concepts and chapter 3 displays its tools. In the chapter 4 a way to use the Altshuller methodology is proposed. Chapter 5 shows three cases using TRIZ in an Automotive Industry. In the chapter 6, the author suggests a training format. Finally, chapter 7 concludes TRIZ is a good way to make profits, in spite of its learn difficulty
