1,720,961 research outputs found
Determinación de la huella ecológica mediante datos estadísticos durante la pandemia por el covid-19 en la provincia de Cotopaxi, en el periodo 2020-2021.
Full text linkEcuador ranks 67th out of 151 countries in the global ecological footprint ranking with 2.2 hga, while Cotopaxi is a province with a large amount of natural resources, due to its climatic diversity, it offers a variety of products. However, environmental sustainability can be affected by irresponsible consumption of natural resources. The research determined the ecological footprint during the covid-19 pandemic (2020-2021) in the province of Cotopaxi, using the ecological footprint calculator belonging to the Global Foodprint Network. The results show that the ecological footprint (4.48hga) in the province of Cotopaxi was not reduced in the period 2020-2021, due to the effects of the pandemic and on the contrary has increased considerably compared to the national average of 2013 (1.57hga). Being the cantons Pangua (5.19 hga), Latacunga (4.77 hga), Salcedo (4.62 hga) those with the highest values in the province. The cantons with the highest CO2 emissions were Pangua (7.55 hga), Pujilí (7.29 hga) and Latacunga (6.94 hga). Additionally, it was found that there is a positive correlation between variables that affect the land type dimension of consumption and the ecological footprint for the canton of Latacunga, with a confidence greater than 99% as the p-value was less than 0.01. Similarly, in the cantons of La Maná, Pangua, Salcedo, Saquisilí and Sigchos, there is a positive correlation between the same variables with a confidence greater than 95%.Ecuador ocupa el puesto 67 de 151 países en el ranking de la Huella Ecológica mundial con 2,2 hga, mientras que Cotopaxi es una provincia con gran cantidad de recursos naturales, por su diversidad climática, ofrece una variedad de productos. Sin embargo, la sostenibilidad ambiental se puede ver afectada por el consumo irresponsable de los recursos naturales. La investigación determinó la Huella Ecológica durante la pandemia por el covid-19 (2020-2021) en la provincia de Cotopaxi, utilizando la calculadora de la Huella Ecológica perteneciente a la Global Foodprint Network. Los resultados evidencian que la Huella Ecológica (4.48hga) en la provincia de Cotopaxi no se vio reducida en el periodo 2020-2021, por efectos de la pandemia y al contrario ha aumentado considerablemente con respecto a la media nacional del año 2013 (1.57hga). Siendo los cantones Pangua (5,19 hga), Latacunga (4,77 hga), Salcedo (4,62 hga) los que presentan los valores más altos de la provincia. Con respecto a los cantones con mayores emisiones de CO2, estos fueron; Pangua (7,55 hga), Pujilí (7,29 hga) y Latacunga (6,94 hga). Adicionalmente se encontró que existe una correlación positiva entre variables que inciden en la dimensión tipo de tierra de consumo y la Huella Ecológica para el cantón Latacunga, con una confianza mayor al 99% al ser el p-valor menor a 0,01. Del mismo modo, en los cantones de La Maná, Pangua, Salcedo, Saquisilí y Sigchos, resulta una correlación positiva entre las mismas variables con una confianza superior al 95%
Determinación de la agresividad de la precipitación de la cuenca del Río Jubones, periodo 1980 – 2000.
Full text linkThe aggressiveness of precipitation is a considerable variable, as it contributes to the determination of soil productivity for subsequent soil activities. Within the Jubones river basin, soil recovery practices are in high demand, which is why it ends up being harmful to the area. The objective of this research is to determine the aggressiveness of precipitation in the Jubones river, and to analyze its temporal and spatial distribution during the period 1980-2000. Monthly data recorded for 20 years were compiled, creating an information base for the missing data, which were completed with the arithmetic mean and Q ratio methods. The aggressiveness of precipitation was determined by applying the Fournier (FI) and Modified Fournier (MFI) indexes. The trend of precipitation was also analyzed using the Mann-Kendall statistical test with the help of the TREND software. The correlation of the variables with respect to the IF showed two ranges, very low and low, while the IFM showed three ranges: very low, low and moderate. With respect to the results, the concentration of the moderate range with respect to the MFI is found in the cantons of Pucará, Zaruma, Pasaje and part of Girón, so the productive and economic losses will not be the majority due to the low rainfall in the area. The correlation analysis between the variables of altitude, latitude and longitude with respect to the study indices determined that there is a low relationship, this because the percentage of R2 ≤ 0.5. According to the two indexes, within the Jubones river basin, the aggressiveness is relatively low (93.33% of the total area) because the indexes are between the very low to low ranges.La agresividad de la precipitación es una variable considerable, ya que contribuye a la determinación de la productividad del suelo para las posteriores actividades en el mismo. Dentro de la cuenca del río Jubones las prácticas de recuperación de suelos tienen una alta demanda, por lo que termina siendo nocivo para la zona. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la agresividad de la precipitación del río Jubones, analizar su distribución temporal y espacial durante el periodo 1980-2000. Se procedió a la recopilación de datos mensuales registrados de 20 años, creando una base de información para los datos faltantes que fueron completados con los métodos de la media aritmética y razón Q. Con la aplicación de los índices de Fournier (IF) y Fournier Modificado (IFM) se determinó la agresividad de la precipitación. De igual manera se analizó la tendencia de la precipitación mediante el test estadístico de Mann - Kendall, con ayuda del software TREND. La correlación de las variables con respecto al IF, se observan dos rangos, muy bajo y bajo, mientras que con el IFM se muestran tres rangos: muy bajo, bajo y moderado. Con respecto a los resultados, la concentración del rango moderado con respecto al IFM se encuentra en los cantones Pucará, Zaruma, Pasaje y parte de Girón, por lo que las pérdidas productivas y económicas no serán mayoritarias debido a las bajas precipitaciones de la zona. El análisis de correlación entre las variables de altitud, latitud y longitud con respecto a los índices de estudio determinó que existe una relación baja, esto debido a que el porcentaje de R2 ≤ 0.5. Según los dos índices, dentro de la cuenca del río Jubones, la agresividad es relativamente baja (93.33% del área total) debido a que los índices se encuentran entre los rangos muy bajo a bajo
Determinación de la agresividad de la precipitación en la parte alta de la cuenca del Río Pastaza, en el periodo 1976 – 2000
Full text linkThe increase in the aggressiveness of precipitation is a critical problem in many upper basins of the world, since this phenomenon causes the loss of nutrients, soil erosion, sedimentation in the middle and lower part of the basin. The objective of this research is to determine the aggressiveness of precipitation in the upper basin of the Pastaza river, this basin was considered since it represents the agricultural sector with the highest production in the country. Monthly rainfall data was selected from 21 meteorological stations for the period 1976-2000. To determine the spatio-temporal aggressiveness of the precipitation, the Fournier indices, Modified Fournier, Kriging interpolation method, Weighted Inverse Distance were used. Also, the aggressiveness trend analysis was performed using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric statistical test. The results of this study show aggressiveness of the average annual precipitation of very low, low and moderate, the provinces of Cotopaxi and Tungurahua present annual average values lower than 100 and 200, which indicates very low and low levels of water erosivity. It should be noted that the Licto and Cajabamba areas belonging to the province of Chimborazo located to the south of the basin at an altitude of 3,160 and 2,840 meters above sea level have moderate aggressiveness levels with values higher than 200, which shows trends of high erosivity of precipitation be it with the passage of time, climate change, topography, agricultural activities or other factors. In addition, this research has environmental, social and economic impacts, which are subject to the conservation, planning, zoning and remediation of soil and water resources. The climatic aggressiveness indices allow us to quantitatively determine the possible impacts of precipitation on the soil and identify the areas of less and greater erosivity, through the analysis it gives us the possibility of seeking comprehensive soil resource management strategies for a sustainable world.El aumento de la agresividad de la precipitación es un problema crítico en muchas cuencas altas del mundo, ya que este fenómeno ocasiona la pérdida de nutrientes, erosión del suelo, sedimentación en la parte media y baja de la cuenca. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo la determinación de la agresividad de la precipitación en la cuenca alta del río Pastaza, se consideró esta cuenca ya que representa el sector agrícola de mayor producción del país. Se seleccionó datos pluviométricos mensuales de 21 estaciones meteorológicas para el periodo 1976-2000. Para determinar la agresividad espacio-temporal de la precipitación se utilizó los índices de Fournier, Fournier Modificado, método de interpolación Kriging, Distancia Inversa Ponderada. También, se realizó el análisis de tendencias de la agresividad mediante el test estadístico no paramétrico Mann-Kendall. Los resultados de este estudio muestran agresividad de la precipitación media anual de muy baja, baja y moderada, las provincias de Cotopaxi y Tungurahua presentan valores promedios anuales inferiores a 100 y 200 lo que indica niveles muy bajos y bajos de erosividad hídrica. Cabe resaltar que las zonas Licto y Cajabamba pertenecientes a la provincia de Chimborazo ubicadas al sur de la cuenca a una altitud de 3160 y 2840 msnm poseen niveles de agresividad de moderada con valores superiores a 200, lo que muestra tendencias de erosividad alta de la precipitación ya sea con el paso del tiempo, el cambio climático, topografía, actividades agrícolas u otros factores. Además, la presente investigación cuenta con impactos ambientales, sociales y económicos los mismos que están sujetos a la conservación, planificación, zonificación y remediación del recurso suelo y agua. Los índices de agresividad climática permiten determinar cuantitativamente los posibles impactos de la precipitación en el suelo e identificar las zonas de menor y mayor erosividad, a través del análisis nos da la posibilidad de buscar estrategias de manejo integral del recurso suelo para un mundo sostenible
Modelo de gestión para pagos por servicios ambientales del recurso hídrico como una alternativa de conservación al Páramo del pedregal, cantón mejía, provincia pichincha en el 2020-2021
Full text linkNowadays, moor ecosystems suffer anthropic alterations due to the accelerated advance of the agricultural frontier, generating a significant degradation of soil and water resources. The objective of this research was to design a management model for payments for environmental services of water resources (PSAH) as a conservation alternative for the Pedregal moor. This study is based on the method of Water Productivity Value based on the Opportunity Cost (Barrantes & Vega, 2001). In this way, surveys were carried out to identify the productive activities developed in the area and to calculate the net benefit. Prior to this, data provided by MAG, INAMHI and IGM were collected, processed and filtered to determine the current conditions of the moor. In fact, this area has different land uses, among the most representative are agricultural land with 74.80%, moorland with 10.16% and shrub vegetation with 4.89%. On the other hand, it has an available water supply of 39702597.5 m3/year, with a productivity value of 24,211,127.86 per year, for the 4971.28 ha available in the Pedregal moor. While the value to be paid per hectare per year is 4,870.20. Through the socialization with the delegates of the public entities of interest, about the management model for payments for environmental services of the water resource as an alternative for conservation of the moor. It was concluded that they are willing to put into practice, through an increase in the value to be paid in the consumption bills to the users of the parishes of Machachi and Aloasí. For this reason, these are viable mechanisms for the conservation of the environmental services provided by the high mountain ecosystem.En la actualidad los ecosistemas páramo sufren alteraciones antrópicas por el avance acelerado de la frontera agropecuaria, generando una degradación significativa en el recurso suelo e hídrico. El desarrollo de esta investigación tuvo como objetivo diseñar un modelo de gestión para pagos por servicios ambientales del recurso hídrico (PSAH) como una alternativa de conservación al páramo del Pedregal. Este estudio se fundamenta en el método del Valor de Productividad Hídrica basado en el Costo de Oportunidad (Barrantes & Vega, 2001). De tal manera se efectuó encuestas para identificar las actividades productivas que se desarrollan en el lugar y a su vez realizar el cálculo de beneficio neto. Previo a esto se recopiló, procesó y filtró datos proporcionados por MAG, INAMHI e IGM para determinar las condiciones actuales del Páramo. En efecto esta zona cuenta con diferentes usos de suelo, entre las más representativas son tierras agropecuarias con 74.80%, páramos con 10.16% y vegetación arbustiva con un 4.89%. Por otro lado, posee una oferta hídrica disponible de 39702597.5 m3/año, con un valor de productividad de 0.61cts de dólar por m3. Por lo tanto, asume un valor total a pagar de 4.870,20. Por medio de la socialización con los delegados de las entidades públicas de interés, sobre el modelo de gestión para pagos por servicios ambientales del recurso hídrico como una alternativa de conservación al páramo. Se concluyó que están dispuestos a poner en práctica, por medio de un aumento del valor a pagar en las planillas de consumo a los usuarios de las parroquias de Machachi y Aloasí. Razón por la que son mecanismos viables ineludibles para la conservación de los servicios ambientales que brinda el ecosistema de alta montaña
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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