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نزهة المشتاق شرح لمع الشيخ أبي إسحاق على المنهج التوثيق والنقدي من أول الكتاب إلى مباحث الحقيقة والمجاز
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خلفية البحث : لقد كان لعلماء البلد الحرام عنايةٌ خاصَّةٌ بكتاب «اللمع» للإمام الشيخ أبي إسحاق إبراهيم بن علي الشيرازي (ت ٤٧٦هـ) ، وإقبال خاصٌّ على تدريسه ، وقد شرحه الشيخ محمد يحيى أمان الحنفي المكي (ت ١٣٨٢هـ) في كتابه «نزهة المشتاق»، وأهمية الكتاب ترجع إلى أهمية العلم المبحوث فيه وهو علم أصول الفقه، وإلى المتن المشروح فيه وهو كتاب «اللُّمَع» ، وإلى مكانة الشارح الشيخ محمد يحيى أمان العلمية ، وإلى أن المتن المذكور يقرر مسائل أصول الفقه على طريقة الجمهور بينما شارح المتن من علماء الحنفية ، وقد طبع الكتاب في حياة المؤلف مع اشتماله على كثير من الأخطاء النصية والسقطات المطبعية، لأجل ذلك حاول الباحث أن يتحصل على نسخته الخطية حتى تحصل على معلومات بأنها ضاعت بعد طباعته، ومع ذلك فقد تحصَّل بعد ذلك على نسخة من المطبوعة وعليها تصحيحات المؤلف نفسه، مما يساعد كثيرًا على تصحيح ودراسة هذا الكتاب خلال هذا البحث .
الهدف من البحث : إخراج جزء من الكتابِ المذكورِ محقَّقًا مُصحَّحًا منقَّحًا على الوجه الذي يغلب على الظن أن المؤلِّف الشيخ محمد يحيى أمان أراده وارتضاه ، مع دراسة عن كتاب اللمع ومؤلفه ، وكتاب نزهة المشتاق ومؤلفه ومنهجه وما فيه من مميزات ومآخذ .
منهج البحث : اتخذ الباحث المنهج النقدي والتوثيقي في تحقيق الكتاب المذكور ، وقدَّم على ذلك مقدمة تشتمل على دراسة حول متن «اللمع» ومصنِّفه الشيخ الشيرازي ، ودراسة حول كتاب «نزهة المشتاق» ، وقام بترجمة المؤلف الشيخ محمد يحيى أمان مع دراسة الأحوال السياسية والعلمية والحركة الأصولية من تدريس وتأليف في القرن الرابع عشر الهجري الذي عاش فيه المؤلف ، كما قام بمقارنة كتاب «نزهة المشتاق» بكتاب «بغية المشتاق» للشيخ محمد ياسين الفاداني ، وبيَّن أهمَّ الفروقات التي يختص كلُّ كتاب به دون الآخر، ثم حقَّق الباحث نصَّ كتاب «نزهة المشتاق» من أوَّله إلى آخر مباحث الحقيقة والمجاز ، وعزا المسائل الأصولية وغيرها إلى المصادر التي يظَنُّ أن الشارح رجع إليها ، مع تحقيق الأقوال ، وترجمة الأعلام الواردة في النصّ ، وتخريج الآيات القرآنية والأحاديث النبوية والشواهد الشعرية .
النتائج والتوصيات: توصَّل الباحث إلى أن الكتاب مطبوع في حياة المؤلف وقد فقدت نسخته الخطية وأن هذا غير مانع من تحقيقه ودراسته ، بل تُعَدُّ من الأصول الثانوية التي ينبغي الرجوع إليها في التحقيق ، وأن ما بقي من الكتاب حقيق بأن يوضع في أولوية الاهتمام بالدراسة والبحث في نصوصه على النهج والأسلوب المقرَّر في علم تحقيق النصوص ونشرها .
ENGLISH:
Background: The book The Refulgence of the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence (Al-Luma’) had been given a special care by the scholars of Makkah who also had a special interest in teaching it. Sheikh Muhammad Yahya Aman Al-Hanafi Al-Makki (died in 1382AH) had explained Al-Luma’ in his book Nuzhat Al-Mushtaq. The importance of his book is attributed to the importance of the science it discussed which is principles of Islamic jurisprudence (Usul Al-fiqih), to the text discussed in it which is from Sheikh Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Ali Al-Shirazi Al-Shafi’i’s Al-Luma’, to the scientific status of Sheikh Muhammad Yahya Aman, as well as to the fact that the text aforementioned approves the issues of the principles of jurisprudence in the manner of the majority of scholars, while the text had been explained by a Hanafi scholar. The book was printed when the author is still alive, but it contained many mistakes and typographical errors. For that reason, the researcher have tried to look for a written copy for the book but he found out that the copy was lost after printing it. Fortunately, the researcher have obtained a printed copy containing the author’s corrections on those errors which helped a lot in correcting and studying this book through this research.
Research aim: The aim of the research is to produce a part of the aforementioned book, Nuzhat Al-Mushtaq, edited, corrected and revised in a way that the author Sheikh Muhammad Yahya Aman would most likely accept it, with a study of Al-Luma and its author and Nuzhat Al-Mushtaq and its author in addition to an explanation of the author’s approach in his book and stating its characteristics and drawbacks.
Methodology: The researcher have used the critical and the documentary approach to review the book aforementioned. He presented an introduction contained a study about Al-Luma’ and its author Al-Shaikh Al-Sherazi in addition to a study about the book Nuzhat Al-Mushtaq. He also wrote a biography of the author Al-Shaikh Mohammed Yahya Aman, with a study about the political and the scientific conditions and the fundamentalist movement back then during the author’s life in the 14th century AH. Moreover, The researcher has compared Nuzhat Al-Mushtaq with Al-Shaikh Mohammed Yassin Al-Fadani’s Bughiyat Al-Mushtaq and explained what distinguished each book from the other. The researcher also, investigated Nuzhat Al-Mushtaq’s text from the beginning to the end of the investigation of the truth and metaphor, and attributed the fundamentalist issues and others to the references which believed the author have used back then. In addition he reviewed the quotes and wrote biographies of each scholars who had been mentioned within the book, and provided authentications and verifications of Qur’an verses, Hadith and poetries that have been mentioned in the book.
Research recommendation: The researcher concluded that even though the book Nuzhat Al-Mushtaq was printed during the lifetime of the author and its written copy was lost, it does not preclude it from being revised and studied. Rather, the book is considered to be one of the secondary assets that should be referred to; and what is left from the book should be put into priority for studying and and researching on the approach and method established by the science of textual criticism and publication.
INDONESIA:
Latar belakang: Para ulama di Kota Suci Mekkah memiliki perhatian khusus pada kitab Alluma' karya Al-Imam Asy-Syaikh Abu Ishaq Ibrahim Bin Ali Asy-syirazi (wafat 476 H.) dalam mengajarkannya. Juga As-Syaikh Muhammad Yahya Aman Al-Hanafi Al-Makki (wafat 1382 H.) telah menjelaskan kitab tersebut dalam karangannya Nuzhatul Musytaq. Orgensi suatu kitab kembali pada orgensi bidang ilmu yg dibahas di dalamnya yaitu Ilmu Ushul Fikih, pada matan yg dijelaskan yaitu Alluma’, juga pada kedudukan pengetahuan yang menjelaskan kitab tersebut yaitu As-Syaikh Muhammad Yahya Aman dan pada objek pembahasan dalam matan tersebut yaitu Ilmu Ushul Fikih menurut metodologi Aljumhur padahal yang menjelaskan matan tersebut bermadzhab Hanafi. Kemudian Kitab Nuzhatul Musytaq telah diterbitkan semasa hidup pengarangnya yaitu As-Syaikh Muhammad Yahya Aman, akan tetapi terdapat di dalamnya banyak kesalahan tekstual dan beberpa kata yang terhapus, oleh karena hal itu Peneliti mencarikan manuskrip kitab tersebut sehingga dapat informasi bahwa manuskripnya sudah tidak ditemukan lagi, cuman setelah itu peneliti mendapatkan naskah cetakan kitab itu dengan koreksian pengarangnya yang sangat membantu untuk mengkoreksi juga mengkaji ulang dalam penelitian ini.
Tujuan Penelitian: Menerbitkan sebagian dari kitab tersebut yg telah diteliti, dikaji ulang dan dikoreksi sesuai dengan tata cara yang sekiranya ditujukan dan diinginkan oleh pengarang kitab tersebut. Juga memabahas tentang kitab Alluma' dan Pengarangnya, juga tentang kitab Nuzhatul Musytaq, pengarangnya, metode pembahasannya dan menjelaskan kelebihan juga kekurangan dari kitab tersebut.
Metode Penelitian: Peneliti memilih Metode Documenter dan Metode Kritis untuk penelitian dalam kitab tersebut. Dan memulai dengan pembukaan yang mencakup atas Pembahasan sekitar matan Alluma’ juga pengarangnya syaikh Syirazi. Dan Pembahasan sekitar kitab Nuzhatul Musytaq. Kemudian peneliti membahas tentang biografi Pengarang yaitu Syaikh Muhammad Yahya Aman juga Mengkaji keadaan Politik, keilmuan dan pengembangan Ilmu Ushul Fikih dalam pembelajaran dan pengarangan pada abad 14 hijriyyah masa kehidupan pengarang tersebut. Juga melakukan komparasi kitab Nuzhatul Musytaq dengan kitab Bughyatul Musytaq karangan Syaikh Muhammad Yasin Al-Fadani, dan menjelaskan perbedaan terpenting yang membedakan satu kitab dengan yang lainnya. Kemudian meneliti teks kitab Nuzhatul Musytaq dari awal sampai akhir pembahasan hakikat dan Majas. Juga merujukkan setiap pembahasan Ushul atau selainnya pada sumbar yang dianggap sebagai rujukan. Dengan mengkaji juga meneliti pendapat-pendapat para ulama yang terdapat dalam kitab tersebut. Juga menjelaskan biografi setiap orang yang tercantum namanya di dalam teks kitab tersebut dan menyebutkan rujukan setiap ayat dari Al-Qur'an, hadits-hadits Nabi saw dan bait-bait syair.
Simpulan dan Saran: peneliti mendapatkan kesimpulan bahwa kitab Nuzhatul Musytaq telah dicetak semasa hidup pengarang dan manuskripnya tidak ditemukan. Hal ini tidak menjadi penghalang untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan penelitian. Bahkan dianggap sebagai rujukan sekunder yang harus dijadikan referensi. Dan sisa kitab yang tidak diteliti dalam Tesis ini sangat pantas untuk diberi perhatian khusus supaya dijadikan bahan penelitian dengan metode yang ditetapkan dalam Ilmu Filologi
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