141,724 research outputs found
The water resources structures on the Syrian and Egyptian pilgrim routes to Makka and Medinah
No full textAI-Hajj in Arabic means the pilgrimage to MAKKA. This was
an ancient rite which was recognised a long time before the
rise of Islam. According to the holy Quran and Islamic
tradi tion, AI-Haj j goes back to the time of the prophet
Ibrahim. Thus MAKKA was a focus for worship but it was also
a commercial centre and a way station/stopping place on the
ancient trade caravan road between south western -Arabia and
Bilad AI-Sham,' now Syria. In part the inhabitants of MAKKA
practised this trade because their environment was not
suitable for other alternative economic activities.
The importance of MAKKA, as a ritual place increased after
the rise of Islam because it became Qibla-Kiblah -
the direction to which muslims turn in praying towards AIKa'aba.
Yathrib - later to become Medinah - is the second holy city.
In fact it was not a ritual place, but like MAKKA it was a
stopping place on the ancient trade caravan road. The
inhabitants of Medinah practised agriculture because their
environment was more suitable than that at MAKKA; water was
available and the land was fertile so that in addition to
trade, they also practised agriculture.
The importance of Medinah as a holy place only developed
after AI-Hijra - the immigration of the prophet Mohammad,
peace be upon him, to it and his establishing of Islam at
that site. Medinah became the capital of the Islamic state
both religiously and politically. Islam then spread from
Medinah over the Arabian Peninsular to the world beyond.
The consequence of the conquest of Iraq, Bilad AI-Sham,
Egypt, the north coast of Africa and Persia was that the
majority of the population of these countries accepted and
adopted Islam as their religious faith. As a result of this
the populations of these countries came annually to make AlHajj and in doing so developed several additional pilgrim
caravan routes. However, it is the Syrian and Egyptian
pilgrim routes - Tareeq AI-Hajj AI-Shami and Wal Masri which
are the objects of this work. In both these cases the
pilgrim caravan routes were previously ancient trade caravan
routes which travelled through Arabia, particularly through
the western province of Al Hijaz.
The geographical location of Arabia, the cross roads of
three continents, Asia, Africa, and Europe, made important
the pre-Islamic routes which ran through it. Of course the
function of this network at that time was commercial but
after the rise of Islam the function of this network of
routes became to transport the pilgrims. The geological and
topographical features, as well as climatic conditions, in
Arabia played a great role in determining the ancient routes
in Arabia. The availability of water was a very important
consideration on these routes and was influenced by
environmental conditions. Since the rainfall is
insufficient, the resulting absence or shortage of water on
the pilgrim caravan routes made the caliphs pay great
concern to providing the pilgrim routes with the most
essential facilities, particularly water supplies and
storage. Ever since the earliest Islamic times, they
provided for the travellers Al birak, water tanks; Ahwadh cisterns; Qanawat - channels; and abyar - wells, in order to
make AI-Hajj journey more comfortable. The pilgrim caravans
in general, and the Syrian and Egyptian pilgrim caravan
routes in particular, passed through several stages of
development since their origin in early Islamic times and
these evolutionary stages can be seen until the beginning of
this century. Because the object of this thesis is to
document the remains of the water resource structures, an
extensive survey and investigation has been completed on the
Syrian and Egyptian pilgrim caravan routes. The field work
has been conducted in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the
north western region where the Syrian and Egyptian pilgrim
routes cross the country. The field work mainly aimed at
ascertaining the location of all the way stations and their
names and surveying each station in order to record the
surviving remains of water resource structures. The field
work covered a large area of about 8, OOOkm transect and
extended from MACCA in the south through Medinah to the
North as far as Halat I Ammar on the north at the border
between Saudi Arabia and Jordan. From N.W. to S .Wit
stretched from Haql on the Gulf of AI-' Aqaba as far as
MAKKA. These routes consist of the major, or principal
caravan routes as well as a number of traverse routes which
allow travellers a choice of transit as well as connecting
routes. There are large way stations as well as small minor
way stations. As part of this dissertation, almost all the
stopping places have been identified and documented by mapping and photography
Qilādat al-jawāhir fī dhikr al-Ghawth al-Rifāʻī wa-atbāʻih al-akābir
No full textA book on Sufism on the Rifa'i way, in which the author collects virtues, conditions, dignity, sayings, behavior, method, and the realizations of the truth of Sheikh Ahmed Muhyi al-Din Abu al-Abbas al-Kabeer al-Rifa'i. Furthermore, the user talked about the widespread support he receives from his followers and the key aspects of his method
al-Insan al-Kamil : Abdul Karim bin Ibrahim Jili
No full textSyekh Abdul Karim bin Ibrahim al-Jili menulis kitab ini dimaksudkan sebagai panduan dalam mengenal tuhan dengan tajalinya, untuk menuntun para pesuluk dalam pengembaraannya menuju tuhan. Dan agar tasawuf tidak keluar dari koridor al-Qur'an dan Sunnah. Lebih dari itu diharapkan karya ini dapat dijadikan oleh para pencari tuhan (saalikiin) sebagai teman petunjuk jalan dalam perjalanan menuju tuhan sebagai ar-Rafiq al-A'laa (teman yang maha tinggi). Karya ini terdiri atas dua bagian dan diterbitkan dalam satu jilid. Di dalamnya terkandung 63 bab, bagian pertama mengandung 41 bab dan bagian kedua mengandung 22 bab
Millah Ibrahim – Quranic Perspective
No full textThis article aims to explain about Millah Ibrahim (peace be upon him) from Quranic perspective. Basically it is a guidance and happiness for humanity. Allah SWT ordered His Messenger, Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his Ummah to follow it. This is the way that Ibrahim (Peace be upon him) was to deny polytheism (shirk) of all kinds, and to avoid idolatry in all its forms. It is also the way in his call and argument of his people, and in the work of Hajj, and in his declaration of innocence of polytheism and polytheists and how to reach the peak of faith and ideal that should be followed. The sacrifices and works done by Ibrahim (peace be upon him) are the models to be followed which demonstrated the sincerity of attachment to the commands of God Almighty. The features of Millah Ibrahim (peace be upon him) can be seen in his struggle and his diligence in communicating the religion of Allah, with the attendant of charity (iḥsān) and sincerity (ikhlās). Its fruit, which Allah SWT promised, obtained happiness in this world and the hereafter.
 
Mada'in Salih, a Nabataean town in north west Arabia: analysis and interpretation of the excavation 1986-1990
No full textThis research concerns Mada'in Salih, an archaeological site in north-west Saudi Arabia. Historically, it was part of the Nabataean kingdom which flourished in northwest Arabia (Jordan, parts of Syria, Palestine and some parts of Saudi Arabia), with Petra in Jordan as its capital. The Nabataeans were famous for their trading role, as they transported frankincense and myrrh and exported balsam and bitumen. They built monumental tombs in Petra and Mada'in Salih as well as other public buildings such as temples theatres and baths. They were also famous for their skills in hydraulic engineering and the production of very thin, distinctively painted pottery. Mada'in Salih was an important station on the trade route which linked south Arabia with Mediterranean countries. The main feature of the site is the monumental tombs, which are about eighty in number, some of them dated and bearing inscriptions. Those inscriptions are in Aramaic and usually contain information about the owner name, legal rights, and occasionally the mason's name. Little was known about the site's history and other aspects such as the economy, culture, society and religions prior to the excavation. Various questions were raised which the thesis attempts to address. The archaeological work conducted on the site included a survey, several trenches around the town wall and in front of some of the tombs as well as an excavation in the settlement area. The excavation revealed a private house which furnished us with information regarding house planning, building techniques and materials. A large amount of pottery, small finds and coins were recovered, studied and classified. The results added some information to what was already known about the Nabataeans in general and Mada'in Salih in particular. The site had witnessed its peak during the first century A.D. As most previous archaeological work had been carried out in the northern parts of the Nabataean kingdom, the results of this excavation are important for comparative studies between this, the largest Nabataean settlement centre in the south, to the centres of the north. The trade which had been an important factor in the establishment of the site declined when the trade route was shifted from land to sea by the Romans during the last half of the first century A.D
Sheikh, the Scholar, Parent: Ibrahim Rahim Al-Hiti’s Scholarly and Advocacy Efforts at Al-Isfiyya School
No full textOne of the scholars of Al-Asafiyya School in Fallujah during the second half of the fourteenth century (AH) was Ibrahim Rahim Al-Hiti. He was an imam, orator, and preacher, and he was a reference for Fatwa on pressing issues. He followed the same curriculum as Sheikh Abdulaziz Salem Al-Samarrai (may God have mercy on him) with regards to his teaching methodology, particularly in terms of scientific and cognitive progression. Al-Hiti was distinguished by his social standing, as he represented the religious and social reference in both the city of Heet and Fallujah. He passed away on Friday morning, 30 Shawwal 1404 AH corresponding to July 27, 1984 CE.
Keywords: Hiti, Fallujah the Great Mosque , Khatib , imamate , Sheikh , Ibrahim, Rahi
Marzieh Abbas: Cook Prize 2025, Silver Medal Acceptance Speech
No full textAuthor Marzieh Abbas gives an acceptance speech for Yasmeen Lari, Green Architect: The True Story of Pakistan’s First Woman Architect (Clarion)https://educate.bankstreet.edu/cook/1014/thumbnail.jp
Kualitas Hadits dalam Kitab Tafsir Tanwir al-Miqbas Min Tafsir Ibni Abbas (Kritik Sanad Hadits)
No full textPenafsiran al-Qur`an mempunyai ragam corak, antara lain tafsir bil Ma’tsur dan tafsir bil Ra’yi. Tafsir bil Ma’tsur masih diyakini oleh sementara kalangan sebagai tafsir yang cenderung lebih dapat dipercaya walaupun dianggap “konservatif”. Tafsir ini bersumber dari periwayatan, baik yang bersumber dari Nabi SAW maupun sahabat. Tafsir sahabat seringkali dipermasalahkan apakah tafsir tersebut bisa disebut dengan tafsir bil ma’tsur atau tidak. Hal ini disebabkan penafsiran tersebut merupakan ijtihad. Selain itu, riwayatriwayat yang terdapat di dalam tafsir bil ma’tsur tidak semua dapat dipertanggung jawabkan otentitasnya. Di antara kitab tafsir bercorak demikian adalah Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibni Abbas. Kitab ini disandarkan kepada Muhammad bin Ya’qub bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim as-Syairazi al-Fairuzabadi. Kitab tafsir ini merupakan kitab tafsir al-Qur`an yang menggunakan manhaj tafsir tahlili (tafsir ayat per ayat) dengan mendasarkan kepada jalur periwayatan tunggal yang berujung kepada Abdullah bin Abbas RA (sebagai sumber penafsiran). Otentitas terhadap periwayatan baik terhadap riwayat-riwayat yang terkait dengan penafsiran maupun hadits sangat penting dilakukan. Hal tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas periwayatan, sehingga dapat ditentukan apakah riwayat tersebut valid ataukah tidak. Dalam penelitian ini, akan dilakukan telaah terhadap hal-hal yang terkait dengan jalur periwayatan tafsir Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibni Abbas, tentang penilaian terhadap sanad perawinya, perbandingan penafsiran Abdullah bin Abbas dalam kitab tafsir ini dan kitab tafsir Ibnu Abbas lainnya dan pembahasan tentang keabsahan penyandaran kitab tafsir ini kepada al-Fairuzabadi. Dengan demikian penelitian ini merupakan penelitian library dengan menitik beratkan kepada tinjauan sejarah dan tinjauan sanad.</jats:p
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