26 research outputs found
Business Plan : Delivery Squad / Muhammad Izzuddin Ibrahim … [et al.]
No full textDelivery Squad is a company that helps to provide delivery service from another company. Our business is locating in Puchong, Selangor as a partnership. Delivery Squad has five workers include General Manager. General Manager is responsible for managing workers to do the task and responsibilities. It can make the workers do their jobs with the best capabilities that they have. They will get a great result if they do their jobs equally.
Delivery Squad will provide five different types of delivery services name as food delivery, beverages delivery clothes delivery, parcels delivery, and documents delivery. The company offered daily and 24-hour delivery services from another company to consistently providing high customer satisfaction. Delivery Squad offered the fastest delivery services at a reasonable price from other companies. It makes our business is different from other delivery business. The demand from the customers of delivery service makes our company want to learn more about delivery service.
Customers can decide what kind of payments they want to use for example cash on delivery and credit cards. It is either at the time of delivery or by monthly credit card billing. We will send statements to our customers for the charges to their credit cards for payment at the end of each month for the customers that use our delivery services. Our business can facilitate the affairs of people without transportation. It will reduce foot traffic and save time.
In this business plan, we will summarize the administrative, operating, marketing, and financial objectives. It will contain detailed plans and budgets showing how the objectives of Delivery Squad are to be analysed. We believed that we could achieve our business goal with our business financial position statement
An evaluation of Student Practical Online Application System (SPOA) developed using User Centered Design (UCD) / Muhammad Izzuddin Khairul Annuar Lim
No full textPractical training is the medium for the students to apply the knowledge they gain in the classroom to be apply in the real job situation. This is to help the student to be more prepared in working environment after finish their studies. Faculty Computer and Mathematical Sciences (FSKM) still does not have any web-based system to handle or manage their practical student efficiently. They still using the manual paper-based form and student need to write their practical report in a paper based. So, the author will develop and design the student practical online application system (SPOA) by using user-cantered design (UCD) as the guideline and evaluate the usability of the system according to the user perspective. The UCD process is an iterative process which is after the SPOA system prototype been completed, the prototype will be evaluated and if there is any usability problem discover, the problem will be fixed and evaluated again until the system is ease to use. The UCD process has four phases that being used in this project which are understand user need, establish requirement, prototyping alternative designs and evaluate designs. The outcome of this project is the usability testing result and the comparison from using manual system and by using web-based automated system. Last but not least, there is only a few usability problem been discover by the usability testing participants and the participants agree that using web-based Student Practical Online Application System (SPOA) more facilitate the practical training process in the future. For future enhancement, this system can be enhanced by expending the scope and target area of the research. Instead of focusing on student from one faculty, this system can be introduce to others faculty in UiTM
Kebersyukuran sebagai moderator dalam hubungan body image dengan self confidence pada mahasiswa
No full textINDONESIA:
Self Confidence merupakan aspek penting bagi individu karena memiliki dampak signifikan pada berbagai aspek kepribadian yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup. Rendahnya Self Confidence dapat menimbulkan kecemasan, kesulitan menerima ketidak sempurnaan diri, pandangan yang pesimis, khawatir akan kegagalan, hingga kecenderungan untuk menyerah. Self Confidence dipengaruhi oleh beberapa aspek, salah satunya adalah Body Image. Body Image merupakan sebuah persepsi individu mengenai tubuhnya sendiri, terutama dalam penilaian orang lain dan seberapa besar individu merasa perlu memenuhi standar ini. Mengacu pada berbagai penelitian terdahulu bahwa kebersyukuran memiliki kaitan dengan Self Confidence dan Body Image pada seseorang. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan Body Image dan Self Confidence pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang dan bagaimana kebersyukuran berperan sebagai moderator pada hubungan keduanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jumlah 132 partisipan pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Pengambilan menggunakan 3 skala, yaitu Body Image, Self Confidence dan kebersyukuran pada mahasiswa fakultas psikologi. Adapun analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data deskriptif, uji regresi sederhana dan regresi berganda moderator. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan adanya hubungan antara Body Image dengan Self Confidence pada mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, ditunjukan dengan koefesien korelasi (r)= 0,586, dengan signifikansi 0.000. dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi Body Image mahasiswa maka semakin tinggi Self Confidence pada mahasiswa. Sebaliknya, semakin rendah Body Image mahasiswa maka semakin rendah Self Confidence pada mahasiswa. Kemudian pada analisis moderating, peran kebersyukuran sebagai variabel moderator yang memperkuat hubungan Body Image dan Self Confidence pada Mahasiswa UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. dibuktikan dengan hasil taraf signifikasi 0,00<0,05 dengan demikian bisa disimpulkan bahwa kebersyukuran dapat memperkuat hubungan variabel Body Image dengan Self Confidence.
ENGLISH:
Self Confidence is an important aspect for individuals because it has a significant impact on various aspects of personality that influence quality of life. Low Self Confidence can cause anxiety, difficulty accepting one's imperfections, a pessimistic view, worry about failure, and even a tendency to give up. Self Confidence is influenced by several aspects, one of which is Body Image. Body Image is an individual's perception of his or her own body, especially in the assessment of other people and how much the individual feels they need to meet this standard. Referring to various previous studies, gratitude is related to a person's Self Confidence and Body Image. So this research aims to determine the relationship between Body Image and Self Confidence in Students of the Faculty of Psychology, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang and how gratitude acts as a moderator in the relationship between the two. This research used quantitative methods with a total of 132 participants at the Faculty of Psychology, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. The collection uses 3 scales, namely Body Image, Self Confidence and gratitude for psychology faculty students. The data analysis in this research uses descriptive data analysis, simple regression tests and moderator multiple regression.The results of this research show that there is a relationship between Body Image and Self Confidence in students at the Faculty of Psychology, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, as indicated by the correlation coefficient (r) = 0.586, with a significance of 0.000. it can be concluded that the higher the student's Body Image, the higher the student's Self Confidence. Conversely, the lower the student's Body Image, the lower the student's Self Confidence. Then in the moderating analysis, the role of gratitude as a moderator variable strengthens the relationship between Body Image and Self Confidence among UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang students. proven by the results of a significance level of 0.00<0.05, thus it can be concluded that gratitude can strengthen the relationship between the Body Image variable and Self Confidence.
ARABIC:
تعتبر الثقة بالنفس جانباً مهماً للأفراد لما لها من تأثير كبير على مختلف جوانب الشخصية التي تؤثر على نوعية الحياة. انخفاض الثقة بالنفس يمكن أن يسبب القلق، وصعوبة قبول عيوب الشخص، ونظرة متشائمة، والقلق بشأن الفشل، وحتى الميل إلى الاستسلام. تتأثر الثقة بالنفس بعدة جوانب، أحدها هو صورة الجسم. صورة الجسم هي تصور الفرد لجسده، خاصة في تقييم الآخرين ومدى شعور الفرد بأنه بحاجة إلى تلبية هذا المعيار. بالإشارة إلى العديد من الدراسات السابقة، يرتبط الامتنان بثقة الشخص بنفسه وصورة جسده. لذا يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحديد العلاقة بين صورة الجسم والثقة بالنفس لدى طلاب كلية علم النفس جامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم الإسلامية الحكومية مالانج وكيف يعمل الامتنان كوسيط في العلاقة بين الاثنين.
استخدم هذا البحث الأساليب الكمية مع إجمالي 132 مشاركًا في كلية علم النفس بجامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم مالانج. تستخدم المجموعة ثلاثة مقاييس، وهي صورة الجسم، والثقة بالنفس، والامتنان لطلاب كلية علم النفس. يستخدم تحليل البيانات في هذا البحث تحليل البيانات الوصفية، واختبارات الانحدار البسيطة والانحدار المتعدد المتوسط.
أظهرت نتائج هذا البحث أن هناك علاقة بين صورة الجسم والثقة بالنفس لدى طلاب كلية علم النفس جامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم مالانج، كما يدل على ذلك معامل الارتباط (r) = 0.586، وبدلالة 0.000. ويمكن الاستنتاج أنه كلما ارتفعت الصورة الجسدية للطالب، زادت ثقة الطالب بنفسه. وعلى العكس من ذلك، كلما انخفضت صورة جسم الطالب، انخفضت ثقة الطالب بنفسه. ثم في التحليل المعتدل، فإن دور الامتنان كمتغير وسيط يعزز العلاقة بين صورة الجسم والثقة بالنفس بين طلاب جامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم مالانج. وقد ثبت ذلك من خلال نتائج مستوى الدلالة 0.00<0.05، وبالتالي يمكن الاستنتاج أن الامتنان يمكن أن يعزز العلاقة بين متغير صورة الجسم والثقة بالنف
الأفعال الكلامية الإنجازية في نص المسرحية "الباب" لغسان كنفاني على أساس نظرية سيرل
No full textمستخلص البحث
يهدف هذا البحث إلى: 1) وصف أشكال الأفعال الكلاميّة الإنجازيّة في نصّ المسرحيّة "الباب" لغسّان كنفاني على أساس نظريّة سيرل. 2) وصف وظائف الأفعال الكلاميّة الإنجازيّة في نصّ المسرحيّة "الباب" لغسّان كنفاني على أساس نظريّة سيرل. هذا البحث بحث كيفي ووصفي ومكتبي. مصادر البيانات الأساسية في هذا البحث هي نص المسرحيّة "الباب" لغسان كنفاني وكتاب نظرية الأفعال الكلامية تحت العنوان Expression and Meaning" Studies in The Theory of Speech Acts " الذي ألّفه سيرل ومصادر البيانات الثانوية هي المجلات والمقالات البحثية والكتب التداولية التي تبحث عن أفعال الكلامية. تستخدم الطريقة جمع البيانات بطريقة القراءة والكتابة. والطريقة المستخدمة لتحليل البيانات هي طريقة تقليل البيانات وعرض البيانات والإستنتاج.
وأما نتائج البحث التي حصلها الباحث هي: 1) الأفعال الكلامية الإنجازية في نص المسرحية الباب لغسان كنفاني من منظور سيرل هناك 45 أشكال، وهي 20 أفعال الكلامية الإخبارية، و13 أفعال الكلامية التوجيهية ،و5 أفعال الكلامية الإلتزامية، و5 أفعال الكلامية التعبيرية، و2 أفعال الكلامية الإعلانية. 2) الأفعال الكلامية الإنجازية في نص المسرحية الباب لغسان كنفاني من منظور سيرل هناك 45 وظائف، وهي 2 الافتراض، 12 الإخبار، 1 التأكيد، 4 البيان، 1 التصريح، 5 الأمر، 3 ممنوع، 2الاستفتاء، 1 الاقتراح، 2 الطلب، 2 الاعتراض، 3 الوعد، 3 مخيب للآمال، 1 غضب، 1 بغض، و2 العقاب.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to: 1( describe the form of illocutionary speech acts in drama script of Ghassan Kanfany's “Al-Baab” based on Searle's perspective; and 2) describe the function of illocutionary speech acts in drama script of Ghassan Kanfany's “Al-Baab” based on Searle's perspective. This research is a descriptive qualitative and field research. The primary data source is drama script of Al-Baab by Ghassan Kanafany and book Expression and Meaning: Study in The Theory of Speech Acts and secondary data in this study are articles and books of pragmatics. The data collection technique uses reading techniques and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique uses data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions.
The results of this study are: 1) illocutionary speech acts in Ghassan Kanafany's drama script Al-baab based on Searle's perspective there are 45 forms, namely 20 assertive speech acts, 13 directive speech acts, 5 commissive speech acts, 5 expressive speech acts; 2 declarative speech acts; and 2) illocutionary speech acts in Ghassan Kanafany's play Al-baab based on Searle's perspective there are 45 forms, each of which has a function, namely 2 argued, 12 informed, 1 confirmed, 4 explained, 1 stated, 5 ordered, 3 forbade, 2 asked for opinion, 1 suggested, 2 asked, 2 refused, 3 promised, 3 disappointed, 1 angry, 1 hated, and 2 punished.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) memaparkan bentuk tindak tutur ilokusi dalam naskah drama Al-Baab karya Ghassan Kanfany berdasarkan perspektif Searle; dan (2) memaparkan fungsi tindak tutur ilokusi dalam naskah drama Al-Baab karya Ghassan Kanfany berdasarkan perspektif Searle. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dan lapangan. Sumber data primernya adalah naskah drama Al-Baab karya Ghassan Kanafany dan buku Expression and Meaning: Study in The Theory of Speech Acts karya Searle. Sumber data sekundernya adalah artikel dan buku-buku yang membahasa pragmatik. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan teknik baca dan teknik catat. Teknik analisis datanya menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Tindak tutur ilokusi dalam naskah drama Al-baab karya Ghassan Kanafany berdasarkan perspektif Searle terdapat 45 bentuk, yaitu 20 tindak tutur asertif, 13 tindak tutur direktif, 5 tindak tutur komisif, 5 tindak tutur ekspresif; 2 tindak tutur deklarasi; dan (2) Tindak tutur ilokusi dalam naskah drama Al-baab karya Ghassan Kanafany berdasarkan perspektif Searle terdapat 45 bentuk yang masing-masing memiliki fungsinya, yaitu 2 berpendapat, 12 memberitahu, 1 menegaskan, 4 menjelaskan, 1 menyatakan, 5 memerintah, 3 melarang, 2 meminta pendapat, 1 menyarankan, 2 bertanya, 2 menolak, 3 berjanji, 3 kecewa, 1 marah, 1 benci, dan 2 menghukum
PROSES PENYUTRADARAAN DALAM FILM DOKUMENTER “Merawat Hujan”
No full textThis work raises the issue of how a community that processes rainwater as an alternative to clean water will be packaged through a documentary film. The writer as a director will see how the directing process in a documentary film. This work is carried out in the Jombang area as one of the areas that has drought problems and limited clean water stocks during the dry season. This film tells how the role of the Air Kita community in socializing the use of rainwater and also the achievements of the community after moving for almost 7 years. In the directing process, there are several stages carried out by the author to create a documentary film with observation techniques, starting from pre-production, namely researching issues both from the internet and field research, observing and discussing stages with sources, making treatment or scenario scripts and preparing shooting schedules. The production stage is taking pictures that have been planned at the pre-production stage in accordance with the concept, namely taking the activities of the Air Kita community and interviews with our water community. Other supporting data such as interviews with the environmental agency and stakeholders of our water community as another point of view about our Water Community and the post-production stage, namely editing the images and compiling them into a unified documentary film
Politik hukum sistem perekonomian nasional menurut pasal 33 UUD Tahun 1945 PRESPEKTIF Baqir Ash-Shadr
No full textINDONESIA :
Pasal 33 UUD Tahun 1945 adalah konstitusi yang mengatur tentang sistem perekonomian nasional. Mulai dari ekonomi makro, mikro hingga doktrin ekonomi Indonesia semua telah tertuang dalam Pasal 33 UUD Tahun 1945. Di sisi lain, undang-undang turunan mengenai perekonomian kerap kali inkonsisten dengan Pasal 33 UUD Tahun 1945 baik secara operasional maupun substansi.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis relevansi pemikiran Baqir As-Shadr terhadap politik hukum sistem perekonomian nasional berdasarkan Pasal 33 UUD Tahun 1945 serta meninjau dinamika pembentukan politik hukum sistem peronomian nasional mulai amandemen pertama hingga keempat.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan tiga pendekatan; pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) digunakan untuk meninjau peraturan yang berkaitan dengan Pasal 33 UUD 1945 mengenai perekonomian nasional, pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) digunakan untuk menganalisis sistem perekonomian nasional serta pemikiran ekonomi Islam Baqir Ash-Shadr dan pendekatan sejarah (historical approach) digunakan untuk meninjau sejarah politik hukum pembentukan Pasal 33 UUD Tahun 1945. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah bahan hukum primer, sekunder serta tersier. Sementara pengumpulan bahan hukum melalui metode studi kepustakaan dan analisis bahan hukum menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif.
Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa; ditinjau melalui kajian politik hukum, sistem perekonomian Indonesia bukanlah sistem yang menganut madzhab atau doktrin kapitalisme dan sosialisme secara murni, melainkan sistem perekonomian yang berbasis Pancasila atau kerakyatan. Sementara jika dtinjau dengan pemikiran ekonomi Islam Baqir Ash-Shadr, nilai-nilai perekonomian Indonesia tidak jauh berbeda dengan sistem ekonomi Islam, namun poin fundamental dari perbedaan keduanya terletak pada karakteristik negara, hak kepemilikan, dan penguasaan atas suatu properti.
ENGLISH :
Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution is the constitution that regulates the national
economic system. Starting from macroeconomics, micro-economics to Indonesian
economic doctrine, all of this has been contained in Article 33 of the 1945
Constitution. On the other hand, derivative laws regarding the economy are often
inconsistent with Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution both operationally and in
substance.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relevance of Baqir As-Shadr's
thoughts to the legal politics of the national economic system based on Article 33
of the 1945 Constitution and to review the dynamics of the formation of the legal
politics of the national economic system from the first to the fourth amendments.
This research is a normative legal research using three approaches; statutory
approach is used to review regulations related to Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution
regarding the national economy, conceptual approach is used to analyze the national
economic system as well as Baqir Ash-Shadr Islamic economic thought and
historical approach used to review the legal political history of the establishment of
Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. The data sources for this research are primary,
secondary and tertiary legal materials. While the collection of legal materials
through the method of literature study and analysis of legal materials using
descriptive analysis methods.
This research concludes that; reviewed through a study of legal politics, the
Indonesian economic system is not a system that adheres purely to schools of
thought or the doctrine of capitalism and socialism, but an economic system based
on Pancasila or democracy. Meanwhile, when viewed from Baqir Ash-Shadr's
Islamic economic thinking, the values of the Indonesian economy are not much
different from the Islamic economic system, but the fundamental point of the
difference between the two lies in the characteristics of the country, ownership
rights and control over a property.
ARABIC :
ر المادة ٣٣ من دستور عام ٨٤٩١ ا من ً هي الدستور الذي ينظم النظام االقتصادي الوطني. بدء االقتصاد الكلي ، واالقتصاد الجزئي إلى العقيدة االقتصادية اإلندونيسية ، تم تضمين كل هذا في المادة ٣٣ من دستور عام ٨٤٩١ ا ما تتعارض القوانين المشتقة المتعلقة ً . ومن ناحية أخرى ، غالب باالقتصاد مع المادة ٣٣ من دستور عام ٨٤٩١ ، سواء من الناحية التشغيلية أو في الجوهر. الغرض من هذا البحث هو تحليل عالقة أفكار باقر الشادر بالسياسات القانونية للنظام االقتصادي الوطني على أساس المادة ٣٣ من دستور عام ٨٤٩١ ومراجعة ديناميكيات تشكيل السياسة القانونية للنظام االقتصادي الوطني. من التعديل األول إلى الرابع هذا البحث هو بحث قانوني معياري باستخدام ثالثة مناهج ؛ يستخدم النهج التشريعي )النهج التشريعي( لمراجعة اللوائح المتعلقة بالمادة ٣٣ من دستور عام ٨٤٩١ فيما يتعلق باالقتصاد الوطني ، ويستخدم النهج المفاهيمي )النهج المفاهيمي( لتحليل النظام االقتصادي الوطني وكذلك باقر الشدر الفكر االقتصادي اإلسالمي والتاريخي. النهج )النهج التاريخي( المستخدم لمراجعة التاريخ السياسي القانوني لتأسيس المادة ٣٣ من دستور عام ٨٤٩١ .مصادر البيانات لهذا البحث هي المواد القانونية األولية والثانوية والثالثية. بينما يتم جمع المواد القانونية من خالل منهج األدب دراسة وتحليل المواد القانونية باستخدام طرق التحليل الوصفي. يخلص هذا البحث إلى: بعد استعراضه من خالل دراسة السياسة القانونية ، فإن النظام ا بمدارس الفكر أو عقيدة الرأسمالية واالشتراكية ، ً ا يلتزم تمام ً االقتصادي اإلندونيسي ليس نظام ولكنه نظام اقتصادي قائم على البانكاسيال أو الديمقراطية. في هذه األثناء ، عند النظر إليها من ا عن ً الفكر االقتصادي اإلسالمي لباقر الشادر ، فإن قيم االقتصاد اإلندونيسي ال تختلفكثير xx النظام االقتصادي اإلسالمي ، لكن النقطة األساسية لالختالف بينهما تكمن في خصائص الدولة .، الملكية. الحقوق والسيطر ة على الممتلكا
Perancangan Serial Animasi Sanggramawijaya
No full textPenelitian ini merespon atas kebutuhan film animasi di Indonesia terutama yang mengangkat konten lokal sejarah dan kebudayaan yang dinilai kurang dalam kuantitas sehingga menimbulkan kurangnya kualitas karena kurang adanya kompetisi dalam industri animasi. Untuk memenuhi tujuan dari penelitian ini, penulis melakukan metode penelitian secara kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara kepada Guru Besar sejarah dan pelaku animasi yang sudah menekuni bidangnya sejak lama. Selain itu dilakukan observasi terhadap beberapa film animasi untuk dipelajari secara teknis pembuatannya. Wujud akhir dari perancangan ini adalah sebuah visual storytelling yang menampilkan preview dari serial animasi yang bercerita tentang berdirinya kerajaan Majapahit dengan gaya cerita yang lebih informal, sehingga penikmatnya bukan hanya dari mereka yang ingin mengetahui sejarah, namun juga dari segi hiburan.
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This research responds to the needs of animated films in Indonesia, especially with local content and cultural history which are considered less in quantity, causing a lack of quality because of the lack of competition in the animation industry. For the purposes of this study, the author conducted qualitative research methods such as an interview to Professor of history and animator from animation industry who has been in this field for a long time. In addition, the observation to several animated films to be studied in technical preparation and production. Final output of this design is a visual storytelling that shows a preview of the animated series that tells the story of the founding of the kingdom of Majapahit which style of the story is presented are more informal, so that the audiences are not only from those who wish to know the history, but also in terms of entertainment
Author’s Worldview on The Effects of Conspiracy and Terrorism in Society as Represented in the Novel Deus Ex: Black Light by James Swallow
No full textTerrorism and conspiracy theory are popular topics in the narrative of modern literary works. Creating a literary narrative in a literary work requires both intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements. The intrinsic elements in a literary narrative lies within the literary work itself while extrinsic elements are influenced by outside forces. This study aims to analyze the extrinsic elements and establish the author’s worldview regarding terrorism and conspiracy theory inside the novel Deus Ex: Black Light by the author, James Swallow. In addition, this study also aims to find representations of the author’s worldview in society to determine its relevancy within the real world. This study uses Lucien Goldmann’s Genetic Structuralism, the Psychology of Terrorism by Randy Borum, and the Psychology of Conspiracy Theory by Jan Willem van Prooijen. Using Genetic Structuralism, this study collected 10 data from the novel and establishes 9 author’s worldviews from the 10 data, with 5 data used as a basis for 4 author’s worldviews regarding terrorism and another 5 data used as a basis for 5 author’s worldviews regarding conspiracy theory. All 9 author’s worldviews have their own real cases to represent their presence in society, correlating the narrative of the novel with society. The relevancy of the author’s worldview in society is also determined, with most of them being relevant in recent years with most cases representing the author’s worldview being no older than 10 years old
Optimisation of NaOH Concentration for Sustainable Soap Production Using Waste Cooking Oil
No full textThis study presents a sustainable approach for synthesizing soap bars from WCO. The process involves collecting and filtering WCO, followed by an optimized saponification reaction using alkaline, resulting in soap bars with desirable properties. Comparative analysis reveals that WCO appears darker, with higher free fatty acid content (4.00%) and slightly increased viscosity (79.13 cP) compared to new cooking oil. The study highlights the significant impact of NaOH concentration on soap consistency, where 10% NaOH concentration (sample BS3) has achieved the most stable foam formation. BS3 has no appearance of a gel phase upon cutting and shows 1.78% moisture content. This research emphasizes the utilization of waste cooking oil as a valuable resource for soap production, contributing to waste reduction and supporting sustainable practices within the circular economy framework
