1,698 research outputs found
The water resources structures on the Syrian and Egyptian pilgrim routes to Makka and Medinah
No full textAI-Hajj in Arabic means the pilgrimage to MAKKA. This was
an ancient rite which was recognised a long time before the
rise of Islam. According to the holy Quran and Islamic
tradi tion, AI-Haj j goes back to the time of the prophet
Ibrahim. Thus MAKKA was a focus for worship but it was also
a commercial centre and a way station/stopping place on the
ancient trade caravan road between south western -Arabia and
Bilad AI-Sham,' now Syria. In part the inhabitants of MAKKA
practised this trade because their environment was not
suitable for other alternative economic activities.
The importance of MAKKA, as a ritual place increased after
the rise of Islam because it became Qibla-Kiblah -
the direction to which muslims turn in praying towards AIKa'aba.
Yathrib - later to become Medinah - is the second holy city.
In fact it was not a ritual place, but like MAKKA it was a
stopping place on the ancient trade caravan road. The
inhabitants of Medinah practised agriculture because their
environment was more suitable than that at MAKKA; water was
available and the land was fertile so that in addition to
trade, they also practised agriculture.
The importance of Medinah as a holy place only developed
after AI-Hijra - the immigration of the prophet Mohammad,
peace be upon him, to it and his establishing of Islam at
that site. Medinah became the capital of the Islamic state
both religiously and politically. Islam then spread from
Medinah over the Arabian Peninsular to the world beyond.
The consequence of the conquest of Iraq, Bilad AI-Sham,
Egypt, the north coast of Africa and Persia was that the
majority of the population of these countries accepted and
adopted Islam as their religious faith. As a result of this
the populations of these countries came annually to make AlHajj and in doing so developed several additional pilgrim
caravan routes. However, it is the Syrian and Egyptian
pilgrim routes - Tareeq AI-Hajj AI-Shami and Wal Masri which
are the objects of this work. In both these cases the
pilgrim caravan routes were previously ancient trade caravan
routes which travelled through Arabia, particularly through
the western province of Al Hijaz.
The geographical location of Arabia, the cross roads of
three continents, Asia, Africa, and Europe, made important
the pre-Islamic routes which ran through it. Of course the
function of this network at that time was commercial but
after the rise of Islam the function of this network of
routes became to transport the pilgrims. The geological and
topographical features, as well as climatic conditions, in
Arabia played a great role in determining the ancient routes
in Arabia. The availability of water was a very important
consideration on these routes and was influenced by
environmental conditions. Since the rainfall is
insufficient, the resulting absence or shortage of water on
the pilgrim caravan routes made the caliphs pay great
concern to providing the pilgrim routes with the most
essential facilities, particularly water supplies and
storage. Ever since the earliest Islamic times, they
provided for the travellers Al birak, water tanks; Ahwadh cisterns; Qanawat - channels; and abyar - wells, in order to
make AI-Hajj journey more comfortable. The pilgrim caravans
in general, and the Syrian and Egyptian pilgrim caravan
routes in particular, passed through several stages of
development since their origin in early Islamic times and
these evolutionary stages can be seen until the beginning of
this century. Because the object of this thesis is to
document the remains of the water resource structures, an
extensive survey and investigation has been completed on the
Syrian and Egyptian pilgrim caravan routes. The field work
has been conducted in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the
north western region where the Syrian and Egyptian pilgrim
routes cross the country. The field work mainly aimed at
ascertaining the location of all the way stations and their
names and surveying each station in order to record the
surviving remains of water resource structures. The field
work covered a large area of about 8, OOOkm transect and
extended from MACCA in the south through Medinah to the
North as far as Halat I Ammar on the north at the border
between Saudi Arabia and Jordan. From N.W. to S .Wit
stretched from Haql on the Gulf of AI-' Aqaba as far as
MAKKA. These routes consist of the major, or principal
caravan routes as well as a number of traverse routes which
allow travellers a choice of transit as well as connecting
routes. There are large way stations as well as small minor
way stations. As part of this dissertation, almost all the
stopping places have been identified and documented by mapping and photography
Celebration of Success in the Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in the Great Hall of the People Beijing 27 October 2000
No full textA speech given by Basil Hetzel in China.
Folklore and Literary Tradition in the Riddles of Basil Levshin
No full textAt the article the prosaic riddles of Basil Levshin, the writer of the second half of the XVIII century, are considered in the context of Russian folklore and literary traditions. Riddles are classified according to their thematic focus, a way to create interpretive field, the subject-object organization. In the process of comparative analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that most of the riddles of the writer characterized by cognitive and heuristic orientation. They reflected both cognitive picture of the world in the representation of contemporary society, and the specifics of the national concept sphere, as well as the submission of the author of the mythological model of the world
I Remember piece on the author\u27s failure to grow anything but basil on his Mai
No full textI Remember piece on the author\u27s failure to grow anything but basil on his Maine island
Architecture in tension: an examination of the position of the architect in the private and public sectors, focusing on the training and careers of Sir Basil Spence (1907-1976) and Sir Donald Gibson (1908-1991)
No full textIn the early 1900s tensions began to appear within the architectural profession,
as private practitioners struggled to deal with the implications of professional
colleagues moving into public sector employment. Sir Basil Spence and Sir
Donald Gibson began their architectural training in the mid-1920s and, as
tensions between the sectors intensified, Spence entered private practice and
Gibson chose to enter the public sector. Each became an exemplar of his
chosen sector of the profession and yet both have, until recently, escaped
critical attention. The tensions between the public and private sectors of the
profession have been acknowledged within the historiography, but not received
detailed analysis.
This thesis advances the current historiography by presenting an examination
of the division between the sectors, focusing on the relationship between the
RIBA and the public sector union AASTA and assessing the influence of
AASTA on Gibson's Coventry City Architect's Department.
Through an examination of archival material, contemporary published material,
and buildings, this thesis builds on the work of the Sir Basil Spence Archive
Project, adding detailed accounts of his early life, architectural training, and
RIBA presidency, presenting new information and correcting certain aspects of
the accepted historiography. It likewise presents new information on Gibson's
early life and training and his central role in achieving improved status and
representation for the public sector. An analysis of selected projects provides a
comparative study of their contrasting approaches to architecture: the
technically informed, collaborative team-work of Gibson and the individual
artistry of Spence.
Both men played pivotal roles in reforming the RIBA and in changing public and
professional perceptions of the architect, nevertheless, the long lineage and
complex nature of tensions within the profession meant that the public/private
division was never be bridged and issues of status and representation
remained essentially immutable
GOD AND BEINGIN BASIL OF CAESAREA
No full textThe article attempts to deepen our understanding of the problem of God’s essence in Saint Basil. Does Saint Basil identify God with being or does he exclusively wish to prove God’s total incomprehensibility? The author analyzes Saint Basil’s arguments concerning this matter and compares Basil’s statements with those defended by Eunomius with whom Basil polemicized. In defending his own position, Saint Basil defi ned several fundamental points of doctrine
Fractionation and characterization of heat-stable basil seed protein isolates and their utilization in high protein gluten-free bread
No full textBasil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an annual plant known for its essential oil and
phenolic content. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize proteins
from basil seeds and evaluate their potential in food fortification. The mucilage
was removed from the seed by aqueous extraction and thermal hydration,
whereas oil was removed via cold pressing. Basil seed protein isolate (BSPI)
was obtained by an alkali extraction-isoelectric precipitation method and con tained approximately 95% protein. Once BSPI was fractionated, the samples
were characterized by albumin (13.5%), globulin (16.7%), glutelin (39.5%), and
prolamin (30.2%) fractions. The denaturation temperature of BSPI and its frac tions ranged between 93 and 142 C. Through the analysis of Fourier transform
infrared spectra, β-sheet and β-turn elements were found to be dominant sec ondary structures accounting for 89.4% in BSPI, which in turn lead to enhanced
thermal stability. Since aqueous dispersibility and water holding capacity
(WHC) values were acceptable, BSPI was further utilized in the manufacture of
gluten-free bread. The textural parameters of bread supplemented with 2%, or
10% basil seed protein were mostly comparable to the controls rendering basil
protein fortification possible in a staple food, especially for countries where
basil is produced in high quantities and is reasonably affordable
Deep learning based protein stability prediction
No full textAuthor: Basil Ahmed Mohamed Abulellaangefertigt an der der Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften und Medizinische BiologieMasterarbeit Johannes Kepler Universität Linz 2024Arbeit auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufba
Deep learning based protein stability prediction
No full textAuthor: Basil Ahmed Mohamed Abulellaangefertigt an der der Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften und Medizinische BiologieMasterarbeit Johannes Kepler Universität Linz 2024Arbeit auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufba
Pilot Aquaponic Growing System of Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) and Basil (Ocimum Basilicum)
No full textAbstractThe aquaponic recirculating systems are integrated systems that combine fish and plant culture. These systems consist of two components: aquaculture and hydroponics components. In these systems the nutrients necessary for plant growth are resulted from the metabolism of food by the fish. This was obtained by recirculation of water, with a pump, from the fish tank to the hydroponic component and back to the fish tank. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry of University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest for 6 months. The system developed here, is a 1 m2 area of plant growth and 0.45 m3 of water in aquaculture component. In the hydroponic component river gravel was selected to support the plants and offer support for the growth and developing of nitrifying bacteria. The species cultivated were cultured carp (Cyprinus carpio) and basil (Ocimum basilicum). On average, there was obtained a quantity of about 1kg basil leaves in a period of 60 days of growth. It has been found that the species of plants grown in this system, namely basil (Ocimum basilicum) grown with carp (Cyprinus carpio), has a faster and better development compared to conventional growth. Use of basil as a purifying plant, resulted in the removal of nitrates, being not necessary to add additional water, as in classical recirculating systems, where is necessary to replace daily approx. 10% of the volume of the culture water being necessary to add into the system only water lost through evaporation. According to the results the basil is suitable for aquaponic system with carp culture. The basil was grown much better than the conventional cultivation
- …
