1,721,041 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
From natural language and graph processing to novel biomarker discoveries : cross-domain application of type 2 diabetes meta-genetic and multi-omics mining
Full text linkL'imbrication des mécanismes génétiques, moléculaires, du mode de vie et des facteurs environnementaux contribue à la complexité de maladies telles que le diabète de type 2 (DT2). De nombreuses approches ont été utilisées pour démêler cette complexité et identifier de nouveaux marqueurs associés à la maladie. En outre, avec les progrès rapides des technologies de séquençage à haut débit et des algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique au cours des dernières années, une nouvelle frontière de possibilités est apparue pour les chercheurs. Dans ce projet, nous présentons deux méthodes basées sur l'apprentissage automatique qui visent à découvrir de nouveaux marqueurs génétiques et multi-omiques associés au DT2. L'épistasie est le phénomène par lequel une variante génétique empêche une autre variante provenant d'un locus différent de manifester ses effets. L'étude de la structure et de l'évolution des maladies complexes montre que l'épistasie et les interactions génétiques sont un résultat inévitable du processus d'évolution, quelle que soit la manière dont on l'appréhende. Toutefois, la question de savoir comment combiner au mieux la représentation de la structure des gènes et la modélisation des interactions dans un modèle de bout en bout pour la recherche d'épistasie reste ouverte. Nous proposons ici une nouvelle méthode de détection des épistasmes, le transformateur hiérarchique HB-LT (Haplotype Block Long Short-Term Memory Hierarchical Transformer). Le HB-LT utilise des blocs d'haplotypes pré-parés comme entrée et emploie deux couches de mécanismes d'attention multi-têtes pour modéliser efficacement les signaux d'interaction associés au phénotype à la fois dans et entre les blocs d'haplotypes. Il démontre des améliorations substantielles par rapport aux méthodes traditionnelles de recherche exhaustive et aux réseaux neuronaux évolutifs entièrement connectés. Le regroupement des SNP en blocs d'haplotypes réduit la dimensionnalité et l'espace de recherche des signaux d'épistasie. En outre, en capturant les effets combinés des SNP voisins plutôt qu'en traitant chaque SNP individuellement, la méthode HB-LT est plus susceptible d'expliquer une plus grande variance phénotypique. Les informations génétiques germinales fournissent des données stables à long terme qui ne sont pas affectées par des facteurs externes. En revanche, les données omiques telles que la lipidomique, la métabolomique et la protéomique sont plus dynamiques et fluctuent en fonction des changements physiologiques à court et à moyen terme, des stimuli externes et des influences environnementales. Chaque couche omique peut être analysée individuellement pour identifier les biomarqueurs associés aux maladies. En revanche, le profilage multi-omique, qui implique la mesure, l'intégration et l'analyse complètes d'ensembles de données moléculaires à travers plusieurs couches omiques dans un ensemble d'échantillons, est devenu un autre fortin de premier plan pour de nombreux chercheurs. En capturant des signaux provenant de couches omiques complémentaires, le profilage multi-omique permet d'explorer l'interaction complexe entre plusieurs couches de molécules biologiques et d'identifier des biomarqueurs au niveau du système. Ici, 180 lipides plasmatiques circulants et 1 195 protéines plasmatiques circulantes provenant de 1 134 individus de deux cohortes T2D indépendantes, Hoorn Diabetes Care System (DCS) et Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland (GoDARTS), ont été soumis à une méthode de profilage multi-omique, Similarity Network Fusion (SNF). Dans les deux cohortes, on peut observer deux sous-groupes de DT2 distincts sur le plan moléculaire. Ces deux sous-groupes présentent des différences en termes de détérioration de la glycémie, de sensibilité à l'insuline et de sécrétion. Les signatures moléculaires clés qui distinguent les sous-groupes comprennent les triacylglycérols, la sphingomyéline, le testican-1 et le récepteur de l'interleukine-18. Ces signatures, qui couvrent plusieurs couches omiques, pourraient permettre de mieux comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents du DT2 et s'avérer prometteuses en tant que nouveaux marqueurs pronostiques de la maladie.The intertwined mechanisms among genetic, molecular, lifestyle, and environmental factors contribute to the complexity of diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Numerous approaches have been employed to unravel this complexity and identify new disease-associated markers. Moreover, with the rapid advancement of high-throughput sequencing technologies and machine learning algorithms in recent years, a new frontier of possibilities has emerged for researchers. In this project, we present two machine learning-based methods aimed at attempting to uncover novel genetic and multi-omics markers associated with T2D. Epistasis refers to the phenomenon where one genetic variant affects another variant from a different locus from manifesting its effects. Studying the structure and evolution of complex diseases, it can be realised that epistasis and genetic interactions are an unavoidable outcome of the evolutionary process, regardless of how it is understood. However, how we can best combine gene structure representation and interaction modelling into an end-to-end model for epistasis searching is still an open question. Here, we propose a novel epistasis detection method, the Haplotype Block Long Short-Term Memory Hierarchical Transformer (HB-LT). HB-LT uses pre-parsed haplotype blocks as input and employs two layers of multi-head attention mechanisms to effectively model phenotype-associated interaction signals both within and across haplotype blocks. It demonstrates substantial improvements over traditional exhaustive search methods and scalable fully connected neural networks. Grouping SNPs into haplotype blocks reduces dimensionality and narrows the search space for epistasis signals. Additionally, by capturing the combined effects of neighboring SNPs rather than treating each SNP individually, HB-LT is more likely to explain greater phenotypic variance. Germline genetic information provides long-term, stable data that remains largely unaffected by external factors. In contrast, omics such as lipidomics, metabolomics, and proteomics are more dynamic, fluctuating in response to short- and medium-term physiological changes, external stimuli, and environmental influences. Each omic layer can be individually analysed to identify biomarkers associated with diseases. In contrast, multi-omics profiling, which involves the comprehensive measurement, integration, and analysis of molecular datasets across multiple omics layers within a set of samples has become another prominent fortiner for many researchers. By capturing signals from complementary omics layers, multi-omics profiling enables the exploration of the complex interplay between multiple layers of biological molecules and identifies system-level biomarkers. Here, 180 circulating plasma lipids and 1,195 circulating plasma proteins from 1,134 individuals across two independent T2D cohorts, Hoorn Diabetes Care System (DCS) and Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland (GoDARTS) were subjected to a multi-omics profiling method, Similarity Network Fusion (SNF). In both cohorts, two molecular distinct T2D subgroups can be observed. These two subgroups exhibited differences in glycaemic deterioration, insulin sensitivity, and secretion. Key molecular signatures distinguishing the subgroups included triacylglycerols, sphingomyelin, testican-1, and interleukin-18 receptor. These signatures, spanning multiple omic layers, may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of T2D and hold promise as novel prognostic markers for the disease
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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