1,720,989 research outputs found
“La prima colazione e la merenda: due sane abitudini alimentari. L’esperienza di 1.202 bambini di Parma”.
No full textCampaign for diabetic ketoacidosis prevention still effective 8 years later.
No full textDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children with type 1 diabetes at onset is considered an increased risk factor of death and is generally related to a long duration of misdiagnosed hyperglycemia-associated symptoms (1). Shortening this latency period could be a winning preventive strategy. In the period of 1991–1997, we investigated this hypothesis in the province of Parma and demonstrated that, thanks to a school and physician campaign centered on the earliest symptom of diabetes (nocturnal enuresis in a “dry” child) as reported by 89% of parents, it was possible to prevent DKA (2). The key success of this campaign was due to a poster showing a child sleeping (potentially wetting the bed) as well as five attractive messages for parents: “Does your child drink and urinate more than usual? Has he started wetting the bed again?... Make sure he does not have high blood glucose levels... Call your Pediatrician today. Children can also have diabetes.” Eight years after the publication of the results from this campaign, newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes from the same area was retrospectively investigated in order to verify whether the campaign was still effective.
From 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2006, 167 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes were admitted to our department. Of these children, 32 (22 girls 7.8 ± 1.6 years of age) were from the province of Parma, where a prevention program for DKA had been promoted (group 1) and 42 (19 girls 8.2 ± 1.4 years of age) were from the two nearby provinces (group 2, control) in which no campaign had been performed. Moderate (pH <7.2, bicarbonate <10 mmol/l) or severe (pH <7.1, bicarbonate <5 mmol/l) DKA was found in 5 (15.6%) and 34 (80.9%; P < 0.002) children in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The DKA episodes in group 1 were observed in 2004 (n = 1), 2005 (n = 1), and 2006 (n = 3). No patients with DKA from group 1 were admitted in the period of 1999–2003. The duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 4.5 ± 3.5 and 16.0 ± 8.0 days (P < 0.0001) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Almost all parents from both groups reported an unusual enuresis in their children, but only the parents (81%) from group 1 promptly consulted a pediatrician following the messages displayed in the poster.
Today's data show that the campaign for DKA prevention is still effective in Parma's province 8 years after it was promoted and confirm that enuresis is the most important warning symptom for the early diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. DKA episodes observed in the patients from group 1 in the period of 2004–2006 are a sign that the campaign should be periodically renewed (possibly every 5 years) in order to maintain effectiveness
Utilità dello screening metabolico in lattanti con nefrolitiasi per la diagnosi di ipercalciuria idiopatica.
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Prevalence of eating disorders in young patients with type 1 diabetes from two different Italian cities
No full textThe prevalence of eating disorders and behaviors was evaluated in two populations of adolescents with type 1 diabetes from two cities in Italy. In this report, we will establish the relationship of these disorders with sex, BMI, socioeconomic status, metabolic control, and compliance to therapy.
A total of 193 patients with type 1 diabetes aged 8–18 years (mean 13.6 ± 2.7 years; 92 female and 101 male subjects) were recruited from the pediatric diabetology units at the Second University of Naples (n = 118, 56 female and 62 male subjects) and at the University of Parma (n = 75, 36 female and 39 male subjects).
All patients were affected by type 1 diabetes without evidence or history of other autoimmune diseases (thyroiditis, celiac disease, etc.). The distribution of sex, age at the onset of diabetes, disease duration, and BMI was statistically similar in the two groups. A total of 63.1% of the patients (64.6% from Naples and 35.4% from Parma) were from families with low socioeconomic status (according to the annual income and the parents’ level of schooling). The mean BMI was 21.45 ± 3.45 kg/m2. Almost all patients were on intensive insulin therapy (43% on three administrations/day and 54.8% on four administrations/day). All patients completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) (2,3), which was modified for diabetes (2,3) and the diabetes compliance scale (4). A total of 131 healthy control subjects from Naples and Parma, matched for age and sex, completed the EDE-Q.
No major eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa, were found in patients with diabetes or in healthy control subjects. Otherwise unspecified minor eating disorders that do not meet the DSM-IV criteria for anorexia and bulimia nervosa, such as binge eating, overeating (with and without loss of control), and inappropriate compensatory behavior were more frequent in patients with diabetes than in control subjects (9 of 181 patients who answered this specific item vs. 1 of 131 control subjects, χ2 = 2.883, P = 0.09).
Binge eating episodes were reported by 49.7% of diabetic patients and by only 24% of control subjects (P = 0.002). The presence of this disturbance was found more frequently in patients with low social status (P = 0.003). Objective overeating was present in 41.9% of patients and only in 16.9% of control subjects (P = 0.0001), while the difference between the report of subjective overeating was not significant between patients and control subjects.
The prevalence of inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as voluntary vomiting, self-administration of diuretics and laxatives, and excess physical exercise have been found to be slightly more frequent in diabetic patients (9 of 181 patients who answered this specific item vs. 1 of 131 control subjects’ answers, χ2 P = 0.074). If we consider the skipping or manipulating of insulin dosage to lose weight as a sign of body dissatisfaction and therefore as an otherwise unspecified eating disorder, the total prevalence of eating disturbances in diabetic patients is significantly higher (χ2 P = 0.002) than in control subjects. We recognize that this may not be an entirely valid comparison because control subjects do not have the opportunity to manifest episodes of otherwise unspecified eating disorders by manipulating insulin doses. On the other hand, insulin omission and/or dose manipulation offers a unique resource to patients with diabetes to manifest his/her concern about body image. All together, the behaviors in our study were reported by 25 of 192 patients and 1 of 131 control subjects (χ2 = 12.273, P = 0.0001).
The presence of eating disturbances was only slightly correlated to the reported compliance. In people with the highest mean score on the diabetes compliance scale (mean = 8), the prevalence of eating disturbances was 11%. When the mean score was lowest (mean = 4), it increased to 17% (χ2 = 5.331, P = 0.021).
In conclusion, in our study, anorexia and bulimia nervosa are not common in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes, while otherwise unspecified eating disorders seem to be more common than in healthy control subjects. There was no difference in eating disorder prevalence between control subjects and patients from two different cities and eating habits, but the prevalence appears correlated only to socioeconomic status and low compliance to therapy
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
