1,721,087 research outputs found
CIS 2019: UN NUOVO CONGRESSO INNOVATIVO DEDICATO ALLA CHIMICA
No full textCIS 2019: a New Creative Showcase Chemistry Conference- Chemistry meets Industry and Society (CIS 2019) is a new creative showcase chemistry conference, organized by Società Chimica Italiana (SCI) in collaboration with European Chemical Society (EuChemS), Federchimica (the Italian Federation of the chemical industry), Farmindustria (Italian Association of pharmaceutical companies) and the support of Italian Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) and Italian Association of Science & Technology of Macromolecules (AIM). The main goal of this conference was to create new perspective in the connection between research, industry
The fascinating world of mayenite (Ca12Al14O33) and its derivatives
Get PDFMayenite (12CaO·7Al2O3) is a mesoporous calcium aluminum oxide, with a characteristic crystalline structure. The framework of mayenite is composed of interconnected cages with a positive electric charge per unit cell that includes two molecules [Ca24Al28O64]4+, and the remaining two oxide ions O2−, often labelled “free oxygen”, are trapped in the cages defined by the framework. Starting from mayenite structure several derivatives have been prepared through advanced synthetic protocols by free oxygen substitution with various anions. Mayenite and its derivates have been intensively investigated in many applications which include catalysis (oxidation and reduction, ammonia synthesis, pinacol coupling), environmental sensors and CO2 sorbent materials. In this review, we summarize our recent results on the main applications of mayenite and its derivatives. © 2021, The Author(s)
Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain in Neuro-Rehabilitation
Get PDFPain is a natural protective mechanism and has a warning function signaling imminent or actual tissue damage. Neuropathic pain (NP) results from a dysfunction and derangement in the transmission and signal processing along the nervous system and it is a recognized disease in itself. The prevalence of NP is estimated to be between 6.9% and 10% in the general population. This condition can complicate the recovery from stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord lesions, and several neuropathies promoting persistent disability and poor quality of life. Subjects suffering from NP describe it as burning, itching, lancing, and numbness, but hyperalgesia and allodynia represent the most bothersome symptoms. The management of NP is a clinical challenge and several non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions have been proposed with variable benefits. Botulinum toxin (BTX) as an adjunct to other interventions can be a useful therapeutic tool for the treatment of disabled people. Although BTX-A is predominantly used to reduce spasticity in a neuro-rehabilitation setting, it has been used in several painful conditions including disorders characterized by NP. The underlying pharmacological mechanisms that operate in reducing pain are still unclear and include blocking nociceptor transduction, the reduction of neurogenic inflammation by inhibiting neural substances and neurotransmitters, and the prevention of peripheral and central sensitization. Some neurological disorders requiring rehabilitative intervention can show neuropathic pain resistant to common analgesic treatment. This paper addresses the effect of BTX-A in treating NP that complicates frequent disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system such as spinal cord injury, post-stroke shoulder pain, and painful diabetic neuropathy, which are commonly managed in a rehabilitation setting. Furthermore, BTX-A has an effect in relief pain that may characterize less common neurological disorders including post-traumatic neuralgia, phantom limb, and complex regional pain syndrome with focal dystonia. The use of BTX-A could represent a novel therapeutic strategy in caring for neuropathic pain whenever common pharmacological tools have been ineffective. However, large and well-designed clinical trials are needed to recommend BTX-A use in the relief of neuropathic pain
Effect of electrical stimulation as an adjunct to botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of adult spasticity: a systematic review
No full textTo investigate whether electrical stimulation (ES) as an adjunct to BTX-A boosts botulinum activity and whether the combined therapeutic procedure is more effective than BTX-A alone in reducing spasticity in adult subjects
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Trichloroethylene solubilization using a series of commercial biodegradable ethoxylated fatty alcohol surfactants
No full textBACKGROUND: Although certain pollutants are prohibited or heavily regulated, particularly in Europe and the USA, contaminated sites still represent a serious threat to the environment and health. The physical and chemical properties of ‘dense non-aqueous phase liquid’ (DNAPL) pollutants such as trichloroethylene (TCE), including their low solubility, high specific density and tendency to remain adsorbed to organic materials, make their removal from polluted sites extremely difficult. RESULTS: This study tested the ability of a series of commercial fatty alcohol ethoxylated surfactants of C i E j type (i = number of carbons in the alkyl chain; j = number of ethylene oxide (EO) units), known to be biodegradable and low-cost, to improve the solubility of TCE in water; this would make its removal from contaminated sites more effective. The solubility of TCE in SynperonicTM 91/5 (C 10 E 5 ), 91/6 (C 10 E 6 ), 91/8 (C 10 E 8 ), 91/10 (C 10 E 10 ) and 13/8 (C 13 E 8 ) aqueous solutions was evaluated and the solubilization performances were reported as molar and weight solubilization ratios (MSR and WSR). Solubility was measured above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) up to 0.7 mol L −1 at 5, 20 and 30 °C to assess the feasibility of the approach for TCE removal from sites located in different climatic areas. Increasing EO units contributed to improved TCE solubility (at constant alkyl chain length). CONCLUSION: The best surfactant was SynperonicTM 91/10 with an MSR of 3.54 at 19 °C. The results show that an optimal combination of EO units and alkyl chain length, and not only the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) value, is key for the design of effective TCE remediation systems from groundwater
The role of the rehabilitation in subjects with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: a narrative review
Get PDFProgressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder due to the deposition of abnormal proteins in neurons of the basal ganglia that limit motor ability producing disability and reduced quality of life. So far, no pharmacologic therapy has been developed and the treatment remains symptomatic. The aim of the present study was to investigate systematically literature, and to determine the types and effects of rehabilitative interventions. A search of all studies was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL and EMBASE. Twelve studies were individuated including 6 case reports, 3 case series, one case control, one quasi-RT crossover study and one RCT, with 88 patients investigated overall. Rehabilitative interventions varied in type, number, frequency and duration of sessions. The most commonly used clinical measures were Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-Rating Scale (PSP-RS) and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Physical exercises were the main rehabilitative strategy but were associated with other interventions and rehabilitative devices, in particular treadmill and robot-assisted gait training. All studies showed an improvement of balance and gait impairment with a reduction of falls after rehabilitation treatment. Due to poor methodological quality and the variability of rehabilitative approach with different and variable strategies, there was no evidence of the effectiveness of a specific rehabilitation intervention in PSP. Despite this finding, rehabilitation might improve balance and gait, thereby reducing falls in PSP subjects
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