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PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA PEMERINTAH (SUATU PENELITIAN DI WILAYAH HUKUM PENGADILAN TIPIKOR BANDA ACEH)
Get PDFPERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA PEMERINTAH (Suatu Penelitian di Wilayah Hukum Pengadilan Tipikor Banda Aceh)Ibsaini*) Mohd. Din**)Mahdi Syahbandir***)ABSTRAKKorporasi dalam UUPTPK merupakan salah satu subjek hukum yang dapat dibebani pertanggung jawaban pidana. Sejauh ini, di Indonesia pembebanan tanggung jawab pidana terhadap korporasi dalam tindak pidana korupsi terkait pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah sangat jarang terjadi. Lazimnya tanggung jawab pidana terhadap korporasi dibebankan pada pengurus dan pelaksana saja, sedangkan korporasi tidak pernah dipidanakan, termasuk di daerah Provinsi Aceh.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : 1) Bentuk-bentuk pertanggung jawaban korporasi terhadap tindak pidana korupsi di Aceh, 2) Alasan penegak hukum tidak membebankan pertanggung jawaban pidana terhadap korporasi, 3) Akibat hukum yang timbul jika korporasi tidak dibebani pertanggungjawaban korupsi.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research), dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Sumber data primer berasal dari hasil wawancara para responden dan informan, sedangkan sumber data sekunder meliputi bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan pendekatan kualitatif.Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa : 1) Pertanggung jawaban pidana terhadap korporasi pada tindak pidana korupsi di Aceh masih menitik beratkan pertanggung jawaban pidana pada pengurus dan pelaksana (natuurlijke person) korporasi. Seharusnya berdasarkan UUPTPK, beban pertanggungjawaban tindak pidana korupsi pada korporasi juga melibatkan korporasinya (komulatif-alternatif). 2) Korporasi di Aceh tidak dibebankan pertanggung jawaban pidana dikarenakan praktisi hukum menilai bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan memidanakan korporasi tidak jelas, ketidakmampuan (kurangnya pengetahuan/keilmuan) praktisi hukum juga menjadi alasan korporasi belum dibebani pertanggung jawaban pidana. Kemudian anggapan dari praktisi hukum bahwa pembebanan tanggung jawab pidana kepada person sudah mencakup korporasinya. 3) jika korporasi tidak dibebankan pertanggung jawaban pidana, dapat dinilai bahwa asas penegakan hukum tidak berjalan sebagaimana mestinya sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan dan hukum dianggap dapat tebang pilih, sehingga keadilan tidak akan merata dalam masyarakat.Disarankan agar praktisi hukum dapat meningkatkan profesionalitas (pengetahuan dan keilmuan) dalam hal pertanggung jawaban pidana korupsi oleh korporasi, khususnya terkait pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah. Selain itu diharapkan dapat meminimalisir setiap kendala yang ada, sehingga korporasi dapat dibebankan pertanggung jawaban pidana dan penegakan hukum berjalan sebagaimana mestinya.Kata Kunci : Pertanggungjawaban Pidana, Korupsi pada Korporasi,Pengadaan barang/jasaCORPORATION LIABILITY ON CORRUPTION IN THE PROCUREMENT OF GOVERNMENT GOODS AND SERVICES.(A Study in the Jurisdiction of Corruption Court of Banda Aceh)Ibsaini*)Mohd. Din**)Mahdi Syahbandir***) ABSTRACTCorporations in UUPTPK are one of the legal subjects that can be liable for criminal liability. So far, in Indonesia load of criminal liability to corporations in corruption related to the procurement of government goods and services is very rare. Normally corporate criminal liability is imposed on the board and officers only, while the corporation has never been punished, including in the province of Aceh.This research aims to know: 1) Corporate liability forms for corruption in Aceh, 2) The reasons of Law enforcers do not impose criminal liability on corporations, 3) Legal consequences if corporations are not burdened with corruption liability.This research is using field research methods, with empirical juridical approach. Primary data sources are derived from interviews of respondents and informants, while secondary data sources include primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials.The data obtained are then analyzed by qualitative approach.The results of this study reveal that: 1) Criminal liability to corporations in corruption crime in Aceh still focuses on criminal liability to boards and officers (natuurlijke person) of corporation. Based on UUPTPK, the burden of accountability of corruption in corporations also involve corporations (cumulative-alternative). 2) Corporations in Aceh are not subject to criminal liability because legal practitioners consider that legislation to penalize corporations is unclear, the inability (lack of knowledge / knowledge) of legal practitioners is also the reason corporations have not been burdened with criminal liability. Then the assumption from legal practitioners that the imposition of criminal responsibility to the person already includes the corporation. 3) if corporations are not subject to criminal liability, it can be concluded that the principles of law enforcement are not working properly under legislation and laws are deemed to be selective, so that justice will not be equitable in society. It is recommended that legal practitioners can improve their professionalism (ability and knowledge) in terms of corporation's corruption criminal liability, related to procurement of government goods and services. In addition, it is also expected to minimize any constraints that exist, so that corporations can be charged criminal liability and law enforcement work properly.Keywords: Criminal liability, corporate corruption,Procurement of goods / service
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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