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Morphometric changes of the calcareous nannofossil taxon Discoaster multiradiatus across the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: biotic and abiotic factors
No full textStudies on a climate extreme as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ~ 55 myrs ago) have shown the effects of these critical conditions on global biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem, including the marine and terrestrial biota. A prominent negative shift (~3 ‰) in marine 13C, the Carbon Isotope Excursion (CIE) (Shackleton and Hall, 1984; Kennett and Stott, 1991, Zachos et al., 2001), reflects the input of a large amount of isotopically depleted carbon in the ocean-atmosphere system. Studies of the few complete deep-sea sections recovered to date (e.g., Kelly et al., 2004, 2005; Zachos et al., 2003, 2005), have shown how global climate, atmospheric CO2 levels, marine carbonate chemistry and continental weathering were dynamically related during the PETM. Together, these changes should have strongly influenced the calcifying organisms living in the surface (photic zone) of the oceans. For this reason, recent investigations have focus on the planktonic community response to the shifts in oceanic environments during the PETM, specifically the response of calcifying microplankton to higher CO2 and lower pH, as well as the possible role of plankton in drawing down CO2. Calcareous nannofossils seem to play an important role in these interrelated mechanisms. For this reason we have performed detailed micropaleontologic analysis (using a SEM) of calcareous nannofossil assemblages in selected samples from selected Paleocene/Eocene deep-sea sediment cores with the purpose of documenting possible influence on assemblage composition and preservation. The sediments studied in detail are from ODP Site 1263 (from Southern East Atlantic, Walvis Ridge) that has been chosen as representative of one of the few complete PETM deep-sea cores. Comparative analyses were performed in few selected samples from sections located at different latitudes in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans (ODP Site 929, paleo-equatorial Atlantic, Ceara Rise; ODP Site 689, high-latitude Southern Atlantic, Maud Rise; ODP Sites 1215 and 1221, Eastern equatorial Pacific; ODP Site 1209, central Pacific, Shatsky Rise).
This study documents the different “behavior” of nannofossils through the different phases of the PETM, at the onset of CIE, within the CIE, and during the recovery interval, and reveals the presence of peculiar morphotypes of Fasciculithus and Discoasters as probably related to the anomalous amount of carbon in the ocean-atmosphere system. Although the anomalous geochemical conditions seems to have had some influence on the nannofossil assemblage composition, it results that local productivity and overall post depositional (diagenetic) conditions were the major controlling factors on nannofossils
Response of calcareous nannofossils to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: observations on composition, preservation and calcification in sediments from ODP Site 1263 (Walvis Ridge -SW Atlantic).
No full textIn this study we present the results of a detailed analysis on calcareous nannofossil assemblages from sediment cores of ODP Site 1263 (Southern East Atlantic, Walvis Ridge). This section represents one of the few complete deep-sea sections that document the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) in the pelagic realm. The PETM transient event was characterized by a brief, but intense interval of global warming, a global negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE), and widespread dissolution of seafloor carbonate sediments. Paired analysis at polarizing light microscope (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) documents the different “behavior” of nannofossils through the different phases of the PETM, at the onset of CIE, within the CIE, and during the recovery interval. The presence of anomalous specimens and morphotypes within some nannofossil taxa, recorded during previous LM high resolution analyses, has been further investigated in selected samples at the SEM. Besides the known representatives of the CIE-PETM “excursion nanno-flora”, as Rhomboaster calcitrapa group and Discoaster anartios, the analysis revealed the presence of peculiar morphotypes of Fasciculithus and deformed specimens of Discoaster nobilis group, Discoaster mediosus and Discoaster multiradiatus that are considered related to the anomalous amount of CO2 in the ocean-atmosphere system during the early phase of PETM. Comparative analyses were performed in few selected samples from other PETM sections located at different latitudes in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Although the anomalous geochemical conditions during the PETM-CIE interval seem to have had some influence on the nannofossil production, calcification and assemblage composition, it results that local productivity together with post depositional (diagenetic) conditions were additional important controlling factors on nannofossil assemblages. Preliminary data from Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2 or Elmo) suggest that nannofossil malformations are not exclusive of the PETM, and are associated to other episodes of perturbation of the C cycle
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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