97 research outputs found
“The Red Wheel” by A. I. Solzhenitsyn Genre: A Cultural and Philosophical Approach
Get PDFСтатья посвящена рассмотрению в культурфилософском ключе проблемы
жанровой идентификации десятитомного произведения А. И. Солженицына «Красное
Колесо». Автором статьи установлено, что жанр данного труда определяется
исследователями в том числе как эпопея, роман-эпопея, историческая эпопея, цикл,
хроника, летопись, художественное исследование. В качестве жанрообразующих
признаков в статье рассмотрены историзм, художественность и эпопейность. Автор
приходит к выводу о том, что в произведении доминирует историко-документальная
составляющая. В идейно-тематическом плане «Красное Колесо» посвящено
исследованию предпосылок, причин и хода русской революции, с широким
привлечением писателем социокультурных, политических и других контекстов,
охватывающих жизнь всей страны и отдельных личностейThe article is devoted to the consideration in a culturally philosophical way of
the problem of genre identification of the ten-volume work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn “The Red
Wheel”. The author of the article has established that the genre of this work is determined
by researchers, including as an epic, an epic novel, a historical epic, a cycle, a chronicle, a
chronicle, an artistic study. Historicism, artistry and epic are considered as genre-forming
features in the article. The author comes to the conclusion that the historical and documentary
component dominates in the work. Ideologically and thematically, The Red Wheel is
devoted to the study of the prerequisites, causes and course of the Russian Revolution,
with the broad involvement of the writer in socio- cultural, political and other contexts
covering the life of the whole country and individual
THE MAIN IDEA AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CULTURAL-PHILOSOPHICAL MODEL OF A LITERARY AND ARTISTIC WORK: SOME METHODOLOGICAL QUESTIONS
Get PDFThe author of this article, as a research method, develops the general theoretical foundations of the cultural-philosophical model of a literary and artistic work, which can be used in the study of the creative heritage of various writers. The structural elements of the cultural-philosophical model of a literary and artistic work, along with the main idea, include: the sum of humanitarian studies of a literary and artistic work, the concept sphere of the corresponding literary and artistic work, the biography of the writer, as well as the genre. This article aims to describe some methodological issues related to the constitution of the main idea of a literary and artistic work as an element of a cultural-philosophical model.
The basis of the research is formed by general scientific methods and interdisciplinary methods of scientific knowledge. In the course of working on the article, the author turned to cultural and philosophical analysis, as well as content analysis of scientific literature.
Based on the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that one of the conditions for the productivity and completeness of the cultural-philosophical study of a literary and artistic work is the search for its main idea, which reflects the features and priorities of the author’s philosophical thinking. The results of the study can be used not only in research of philosophical and cultural content, but also in works of a wide humanitarian profile, as well as in the educational process
CONCEPTOSPHERE AS AN ELEMENT OF CULTURAL-PHILOSOPHY MODEL OF A LITERARY AND ARTISTIC WORK
Get PDFThe humanities are in a relentless search for optimal and more effective (compared to existing) research methods and strategies. The author of this article, as a research method, develops the general theoretical foundations of the cultural-philosophical model of a literary and artistic work, which can be used in the study of the creative heritage of various writers. The structural elements of the cultural-philosophical model of a literary and artistic work, along with the concept sphere of the corresponding literary and artistic work, include: the sum of humanitarian studies of a literary and artistic work, its main cultural and philosophical idea, genre, as well as a writer’s biography. Description of the concept sphere as an element of the cultural-philosophical model of a literary and artistic work is the purpose of this article.
The basis of the research is formed by general scientific methods and interdisciplinary methods of scientific knowledge. In the course of working on the article, the author turned to cultural and philosophical analysis, as well as content analysis of scientific literature.
Based on the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that one of the conditions for the productivity and completeness of the cultural-philosophical study of a literary and artistic work is the review and analysis of existing concepts. At the same time, the concept sphere is positioned as the most important means of interpreting literary and artistic works. The results of the study can be used not only in research of philosophical and cultural content, but also in works of a wide humanitarian profile, as well as in the educational process
The Concept «Male» in the Cultural-Philosophical Space of A. I. Solzhenitsyn «Red Wheel»
Get PDFРабота посвящена исследованию концепта «мужское» в романе-эпопее
«Красное колесо». Материалом исследования послужил роман-эпопея
«Красное
колесо» из 30-томного собрания сочинений А. И. Солженицына (Москва, издательство
«Время»). Автором в рамках исследования последовательно рассмотрен концепт
«мужское» в контексте культурфилософии семейных отношений и социокультурной
жизни, в контексте культурфилософии патриотизма, а также в аспекте семейных
отношений императора Николая II и императрицы Александры Федоровны.
В анализируемом романе российская армия наделена величайшими мужскими
качествами как сообщество волевых и мужественных личностей, которые постоянно
растут в своих мужских качествах, поскольку регулярно преодолевают трудности
и риски, участвуя в боевых действиях. Значительное место в романе занимает проблема
мужественных женщин. Этот аспект наиболее широко представлен на примере
отношений между Николаем II и императрицей Александрой Федоровной.
Проведенное исследование позволяет сделать вывод о том, что концепт «мужское»
в культурно-философском
пространстве романа-эпопеи
«Красное колесо» часто
рассматривается не сам по себе (в границах конкретной социокультурной ситуации),
а в единстве и через понятие «женское»The article is devoted to the study of the concept of «male» in the epic novel «The Red Wheel». The author examines the concept of «male» in the context of the cultural philosophy of family relations and socio-cultural life, in the context of the cultural philosophy of patriotism, as well as in the aspect of family relations of Emperor Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna.
In the analyzed novel, the Russian army is endowed with the greatest masculine qualities as a community of strong-willed and courageous individuals who are constantly growing in their masculine qualities, since they regularly overcome difficulties and risks by participating in hostilities. A significant place in the novel is occupied by the problem of courageous women. This aspect is most widely represented by the example of the relationship between Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna.
As a result, the author concludes that the concept of «male» in the cultural and philosophical space of the epic novel «The Red Wheel» is often considered not by itself (within the boundaries of a specific socio-cultural situation), but in unity and through the concepts of «female
Концепция исторического процесса А. И. Солженицына: культурфилософский контекст
Get PDFExpressing his opinion on a particular occasion, event or problem in numerous interviews, public statements, letters, and articles A. I. Solzhenitsyn at the same time transmitted his conceptual considerations about the patterns and features of the course of historical process and the role of relevant actors (including individuals, nations, parties, and political figures) in it.
A tendency towards cultural and philosophical understanding of historical processes and events, as well as interpretation of the latter in literary works and works of fiction, many of which are recognised as classic works of Russian literature, is typical for the Russian authors of the 19th‑20th centuries.
Based on the publicist works by A. I. Solzhenitsyn, the author in a cultural and philosophical context consistently reveals the concept of the writer’s historical process which is constituted by the following aspects: the role of rulers in history, the relationship between history and God, the value of truth in history, unpredictability of history, and the need to treat history carefullyВ многочисленных интервью, общественных заявлениях, письмах,
статьях, высказываясь по тому или иному поводу, событию или проблеме,
А. И. Солженицын попутно транслировал свои концептуальные соображения
о закономерностях и особенностях хода исторического процесса и роли в нем
соответствующих акторов (в том числе личности, нации, партии, политических
деятелей).
Для русских писателей XIХ–XX вв. характерно тяготение к культурфилософскому
осмыслению исторических процессов и событий, интерпретация последних
в литературно-художественных
трудах, многие из которых признаны классическими
произведениями русской литературы.
На материале публицистических произведений А. И. Солженицына автором
в культурфилософском контексте последовательно раскрывается концепция
исторического процесса писателя, конституируемая следующими аспектами: роль
правителей в истории, взаимосвязь истории с Богом, значение правды в истории,
непредсказуемость истории, необходимость бережного отношения к освещению
истори
The Image of a Woman in the Cultural-Philosophical Space of A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s Epic Novel «The Red Wheel»
Get PDFВ статье рассматривается образ женщины, представленный в романе-эпопее
А. И. Солженицына «Красное колесо». Поскольку роман посвящен военным
и революционным событиям 1914–1917 годов, тема женского в его социокультурном
контексте обретает целевое значение для конструирования отечественной традиции
культуры, а также единой культурфилософской модели творчества А. И. Солженицына.
В романе дореволюционная женщина представлена образами матери, спутницы
и верного помощника мужа; в то время как в послереволюционный период
в общественной жизни появляется «новая женщина», символизирующая собой
равноправие полов, активную жизненную позицию, независимость в принятии
решений. Приведенная смена содержания феминного отражает глубинные социально-политические
и культурные процессы и сломы, потрясшие Россию в начале XX векаThe article deals with the image of a woman presented in A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s epic novel «The Red Wheel». Since the latter is devoted to the military and revolutionary events of 1914–1917, the theme of the feminine in its socio-cultural context acquires a target value for constructing the national tradition of culture, as well as a unified cultural and philosophical model of A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s work. In the novel, the pre-revolutionary woman is represented by the images of her mother, companion and faithful assistant to her husband; while in the post-revolutionary period, a «new woman» appears in public life, symbolizing gender equality, an active life position, and independence in decision-making. The above change in the content of the feminine reflects the deep socio-political and cultural processes and breakdowns that shook Russia at the beginning of the 20th centur
Management of patients with digestive diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Russian scientific medical society of internal medicine (RSMSIM) and the Gastroenterological Scientific Society of Russia (2nd edition)
No full textThe presented clinical practice guidelines of the Gastroenterological Scientific Society of Russia (GSSR), diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for patients with digestive diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. The guidelines were approved by the XXIII Congress of the GSSR and the 22nd International Slavonic-Baltic Scientifi c Forum “St. Petersburg - Gastro-2020 ON-LINE” (St. Petersburg, June 11, 2020). The presented clinical practice guidelines of the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine (RSMSIM) and the Gastroenterological Scientific Society of Russia (GSSR), diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for patients with digestive diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. The recommendations were approved at the XV National Congress of Internal Medicine, XXIII Congress of NOGR on the basis of the 1st edition, adopted at the 22nd International Slavic- Baltic Scientific Forum “St. Petersburg - Gastro-2020 ON-LINE”
Dynamics of the innate immune response profile in patients with coronary heart disease at different terms after coronary artery stenting
Get PDFAtherosclerosis is accompanied by damage to the vascular endothelium of arteries followed by development of inflammatory response and formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Innate immunity is an important component of this response being the earliest non-specific key mechanism. Our objective was to perform a comprehensive assessment of the cellular link of innate immunity, and to compare the results obtained at various terms after coronary stenting.The study involved 50 patients with coronary atherosclerosis (Group 1), who had clinical indications for stenting of coronary arteries, and 20 volunteers (Group 2), who have no signs of coronary artery disease. The study of immune parameters was carried out before surgery, at 4-5, 9-10 and 28-30 days after operation (during early postoperative period), as well as 6 and 12 months after stenting, i.e. over the late post-surgical period. Phenotyping of peripheral blood monocytes and lymphocytes was performed by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies (Beckman Coulter, USA). Intracellular content of Granzyme B was carried out with an FC500 flow laser cytofluorimeter. Metabolic activity of neutrophils was assessed by the NBT test. Alpha defensin was determined in blood plasma by ELISA technique (Hycult Biotech, USA). Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 12.0 program (StatSoft, USA). Statistical significance was considered significant at p ≤ 0.05.The numbers of natural killer cells and their activity, as well as those of monocytes, were increased in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. We have also shown a suppression of antigen presentation processes, an imbalance in microbicidal activity of neutrophils, with predominant secretion of antimicrobial peptides. Over the early post-surgical period, significant changes included only decreased content of intracellular Granzyme B on days 4-5, and expression of TLR4 and HLA-DR on days 4-5 and 9-10. During the late period, the patients with coronary artery disease exhibited a significant decrease in the content of some lymphocyte subsets: CD3+CD16+, CD16+Gr+ as well as amounts of monocytes: CD14+CD282+, CD14+CD284+, CD14+CD289+, along with HBT-test activity and α-defensin contents, and increased numbers of HLA-DR-expressing monocytes.There are changes in cellular component of innate immunity, indicating persistent inflammation in patients with coronary heart disease. The dynamics of revealed changes following coronary artery stenting may reflect a lability of assessed indicators mostly over the late postoperative period, thus serving a basis for predicting the outcome of coronary stenting
ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ ЕФЕКТИ СВІТЛА З ПЕРЕТВОРЕНОЮ ФУЛЛЕРЕНОМ ПРОСТОРОВОЮ СТРУКТУРОЮ
Get PDFBackground. The appearance of a new material containing fullerene and capable of changing the properties of light passing through it at the nanoscale caused interest in determining its physiological action. Experimental studies included assessment of pain and non-pain behavioral reactions of animals (formalin test). Electroencephalography was used to determine the characteristics of the response of the brain\u27s default systems and human sensor-motor functions. The state of the higher nervous activity reflected the dynamics of indicators of mental performance during visual loads of varying complexity. We used polarized light (Bioptron device with a fullerene filter) and diffused light (Tesla HyperLight Eyewear glasses). It has been experimentally shown that light converted by fullerene causes significant physiological changes detected in the antinociceptive sphere, the central nervous system (CNS) and higher nervous activity (HNA). It was revealed a significant weakening of the pain response (analgesic effect) and an increase in the duration of sleep (sedative effect) with the application of «carbon» light on the locus of pain or on the acupuncture point. The many-month stay of animals under natural light passed through the fullerene filter revealed a slowdown in the development of some signs of aging (according to the dynamics of body weight, motor activity) in the absence of negative behavioral changes.
Materials and methods. Results. The EEG-activity mosaic testified to the development of a more contemplative attitude to the introspective emotional experiences of past events with their active involvement in the figurative modeling of a hypothetical future. It has been established that in natural conditions the light transformed by fullerene facilitates the performance of the visual-motor task in the black-and-white digital sorting test by 16.5 %. This was equivalent to reducing the age of the CNS structures that participated in the processing of digital information by 14.3 %. The quality of work related to switching attention was improved: according to the color digital test, the execution time was shortened to 105.6 s versus 118.0 s in the control, the average time for switching attention from one character to another was — 1.85 s, against 2.03 s, and errors were made 2.7 times less. With prolonged correctional load, fullerene light contributed to the increase of the information processing rate in the visual analyzer, it increased attentiveness and weakened fatigue. The concentration ratio at the end of the performance of a long proof test in fullerene glasses decreased less (by 16.2 %) than in intact (23.6 %) or placebo (28.5 %) conditions. The latent period of the reaction to the appearance of the symbol was lower, and its deviation was less when compared with comparison groups. Switching attention with a load of 2000 characters has always been faster: 0.537 ± 0.05 s (fullerene), 0.572 ± 0.06 s (intact) and 0.544 ± 0.07 s (placebo). Similar dynamics existed for the latent period of the reaction, its physiological duration, and the time taken to complete the attention-shifting test. The quality of performance of intense mental load increased: the number of errors was 39.97 points, whereas, in intact conditions — 49.83, and placebo — 46.11 points.
Conclusions. Modeling the standard situation in which the driver of a vehicle gets under extreme illumination, according to the dynamics of sensorimotor reactions and their correlation against the background of the EEG of the human brain, revealed an increase in the rate of inter-hemispheric information processes and an increase in the quality and effectiveness of decisions made.Экспериментально показано, что преобразованный фуллереном поляризованный (аппарат Биоптрон) или рассеянный (очки Tesla HyperLight Eyewear) свет вызывают достоверные физиологические изменения, выявленные в антиноцицептивной сфере, ЦНС и ВНД. Выявлено достоверное ослабление болевой реакции (анальгетическое действие) и увеличение продолжительности сна (успокаивающее действие). Многомесячное пребывание животных под фуллереновым освещением выявило замедление развития некоторых признаков старения. Мозаика ЭЭГ-активности свидетельствовала о развитии более созерцательного отношения к интроспективным эмоциональным переживаниям прошлых событий при активном вовлечении их в образное моделирование гипотетического будущего. Установлено, что в естественных условиях преобразованный фуллереном свет облегчает выполнение зрительно-моторных тестов. При длительной корректурной нагрузке фуллереновый свет, способствовал увеличению скорости переработки информации в зрительном анализаторе, повышал внимание и ослаблял утомляемость. Качество выполнения интенсивной умственной нагрузки возрастало. Моделирование «ослепления» водителя по данным сенсомоторных реакций на фоне ЭЭГ мозга человека выявило увеличение скорости межполушарных информационных процессов и повышение качества и эффективности принимаемых решений.Експериментально показано, що перетворене фуллереном поляризоване (апарат Біоптрон) або розсіяне (окуляри Tesla HyperLight Eyewear) світло викликають достовірні фізіологічні зміни, виявлені в антиноцицептивній сфері, ЦНС і ВНД. Виявлено достовірне ослаблення больової реакції (анальгетичну дію) і збільшення тривалості сну (заспокійливу дію). Багатомісячне перебування тварин під фуллереновим освітленням виявило уповільнення розвитку деяких ознак старіння. Мозаїка ЕЕГ-активності свідчила про розвиток більш споглядального ставлення до інтроспективного емоційних переживань минулих подій при активному залученні їх в образне моделювання гіпотетичного майбутнього. Встановлено, що в природних умовах перетворене фулереном світло полегшує виконання зорово-моторних тестів. При тривалому коректурному навантаженні фуллеренове світло, сприяло збільшенню швидкості перероблення інформації в зоровому аналізаторі, підвищувало уважність і послаблювало стомлюваність. Якість виконання інтенсивного розумового навантаження зростала. Моделювання «засліплення» водія за даними сенсо-моторних реакцій на тлі ЕЕГ мозку людини виявило збільшення швидкості міжпівкульних інформаційних процесів і підвищення якості та ефективності прийнятих рішень
Региональная устойчивость как актуальная научная проблема
Get PDFThe article is devoted to studying the peculiarities of the formation of a regional stability system in the crisis of mono-polar geopolitical projects. The characteristics of the social transformations peculiar to the modern world community are given. The author reveals the specifics of the relationship in the global-regional world order. The creation of adequate principles of the new world system involves appealing to the society historical roots, where self-identification of a particular society took place. The author»s position is based on the thesis that the region occupies a special position among the most important subjects of globalization. The growing authority of the region as a real subject of world politics has led to the demand for a new system to counter globalization pressure. Separate part self-sufficiency of the world space has caused a new system of stability. In addition, a new system of relations between parts of the geopolitical space is being formed. The threat of sociocultural identity loss determines the regional vector activation. The author reveals the specifics of interacting global and regional factors in the crisis social space. The author concludes that humanity natural desire for integration does not preclude the regional activity in the economic and cultural fields. The article shows that solving the problems of modern Russia involves taking into account the traditions historically developed in the vast Eurasian region.Статья посвящена исследованию особенностей формирования системы региональной устойчивости в условиях кризиса монополярных геополитических проектов. Дается характеристика социальных трансформаций, характерных для современного мирового сообщества. Автор раскрывает специфику взаимоотношений в глобально-региональном мироустройстве. Создание адекватных принципов новой мировой системы предполагает обращение к историческим корням общества, в которых происходила самоидентификация конкретного социума. Авторская позиция базируется на тезисе, согласно которому регион занимает особое положение в ряду важнейших субъектов глобализации. Рост авторитета региона как реального субъекта мировой политики обусловил востребованность новой системы противодействия глобализационному давлению. Новая система устойчивости была обусловлена самодостаточностью отдельных частей мирового пространства. Кроме того, формируется новая система взаимоотношений между отдельными частями геополитического пространства. Активизация регионального вектора также обусловлена угрозой потери социокультурной идентичности. Автор раскрывает специфику взаимодействия глобальных и региональных факторов в кризисном социальном пространстве. Автор приходит к выводу, что закономерное стремление человечества к интеграции не исключает региональной активности в экономической и культурной областях. В статье показано, что решение проблем современной России предполагает учет традиций, исторически сложившихся на территории огромного евразийского региона
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