441,852 research outputs found
(31(3):235-238)Transmission of I pomoea Obscura Witehes’-Broom Agent by Dodder (Cuscuta chinensis Lm.)
No full text細花野牽牛簇葉病係作者於1977 年在臺南發現之新病害，本病病徵為花器葉化，異常分蘗叢生，小葉簇生，形成典型帚狀簇葉病徵。本病可經兎絲（Cuscuta chinensis）媒介傳染而使長春草感染罹病，並顯現花瓣葉化，小蘗叢生黃化及異常分蘗叢生之嚴重叢生型病徵，此項病徵與甘藷簇葉病在長春草顯現之輕型簇葉病徵有極顯著之差異。
The I pomoea obscura witches’ broom a newly recorded disease, was first recognized in Taiwan in 1977. The diseased plants became conspicuously stunted and showed the bushy appearance with virescence of floral organs, and the abnormal shoots grown from the crowded phylloid flowers. The disease agent could be transmitted from infected I pomoea obscura to healthy periwinkle through the bridge of the plant parasitic dodder Cuscuta chinensis Lam. The infected periwinkle developed severe yellows, little leaf and extremely bushy witches’ broom symptoms, which were distinctly diffenent from the mild symptoms on periwinkle affected by sweet potato witches’ broom
WHITE LEAF DISEASE OF BERMUDA GRASS (I) HOT WATER TREATMENT
No full text本病依其白葉症狀暫稱為白葉病。本病有全白型(White)，斑駁型(Motled)，斑條型(Striped)三型病徵，與甘蔗白葉病相似。本病病徵具有隱避及復健現象。本病病株經溫水熱療結果：1. A群處理以54℃-90分，56℃-30分，58℃-20分，60℃-10分，結果使病株復健而不再出現病徵。2. B群處理以50℃-90分，53℃-50分，55℃-10分，55℃-20分，結果使病株病徽消失或隱避。3. C群處理以47℃-60分，50℃-50分，51℃-40分，53℃-20分，結果對病株無熱療效果，可知本病可經熱療而復健，其效果與處理溫度及時間成比例，由此推斷本病病株似存有某種致病體。
The white Jeaf disease of Bermuda grass was first noticed in Pingturig, Taiwan in 1958, and newly described.
According to the development of symptoms, the infected leaves could be divided into three types: (1) Striped. (2) Mottled. (3) White. The symptoms might be masked, reapeared and cured by some factors. When diseased stools were treated with hot water at 54℃-90 mm., 56℃-30 mm., 58℃-20 mm., and 60℃-10 mm. by dipping method, it showed that symptomless recovery on the tillers developed. However, the symptom on some tillers were masked at first and reappeared later when the diseased stools were treated with hot water at 50℃-90 min., 53℃-50 min., 55℃-10 min. and 55℃-20 min. respectively. The disease could not be cured at 47℃-60 min., 50℃-50 min., 51℃-40 min. and 53℃-20 min. The data revealed that there was a response in causal agent to thermotherapy and the effects of hot water suppression of symptoms were correlated proportionally with temperature and duration of treatment
(34(4):464-468)落花生簇葉病之寄主植物反應
No full textThe results confirmed that the peanut witches’ broom disease (Pn WB) could be transmitted to peanut, tomato, potato, alyce clover, purple bean, globe amaranth, periwinkle, I pomoea obscura and I pomoea triloba by insect vector Orosius orientalis, but no infection was found in sweet potato, loofah, cucumber, strawberry, water spinach, balsam pear, paulownia, creeping wood-sorral, chinese morning-glory, I pomoea pescaprae, Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa. The PnWB affected plants developed typical witches’ broom symptoms, and the symptoms of PnWB on tomato plants resembled those of tomato big bud or witches’ broom disease. The sieve elements of PnWB infected plants were stained blue with Dienes’ stain in sections of phloem tissues by light microscopic observation, but no blue taming reaction was found in the healthy ones. The fact indicated the presence of mycoplasma-like organism in the infected plants.
落花生簇葉病可經南斑葉蟬（Orosius orientalis Matsumura ）媒介傳染而感染落花生、馬鈴薯、草莓、山土豆、賽芻豆、千日紅、長春草，細花野牽牛及紅花牽牛。惟不能感染甘藷、絲瓜、胡瓜、草莓、甕菜、苦瓜、泡桐、酢醬草、白花牽牛、馬麻藤、紅藜及白藜。感染本病之病株顯現綠化花及異常分蘗之典型叢生病徵。在蕃茄罹病株之病徵與過去報告之蕃茄”big bud’或’witehes’ broom’ 相近似。本病病株篩管組織經Dienes’ stain 染色觀察，可呈現專一性藍色反應，健株植物則無此反應，此項結果證實各罹病株之擬菌質病原之存在
(38(4):463-467)青龍簇葉病之菟絲媒介傳染與顯微鏡觀察
No full textThe red-bird cactus witches’ broom (RbWB) was transmitted from infected red-bird cactus to periwinkle by the dodder Cuscuta chinensis Lam. Free hand sections of RbWB infected periwinkle and red-bird cactus showed specific blue staining of Phloem cells with Dienes’ stain under a light microscope, and specific bright fluorescence of phloem tissues under a reflecting fluorescence microscope. Similar sections from healthy plants gave no reaction, which indicated the presence or infections of mycoplasma-like organisms in the phloem tissues of infected plants. On periwinkle, red-bird cactus witches’ broom induced a mild degree of bushy growth.
青龍簇葉病（Red-bird cactus witches’broom）可經菟絲（Cuscuta chinensis Lam.）媒介傳染而使長春草（Vinca rosea L.）感染罹病顯現葉化花之輕型叢生病徵。感染青龍簇葉病之長春草及青龍之病株切片，分別以經Dienes’stain 處理後光學顯微鏡觀察及直接以反射型螢光顯微鏡觀察之結果，在其病組織篩管細胞分別顯現專一性藍色反應及特殊黃色螢光反應，對照健株則無此項反應，此項反應表示病株篩管組織中擬菌質病原之存在
(28(1):23-28)Transmission of sweet potato witches’ broom by dodder（Cuscuta chinensis Lam. )
No full text本試驗首次證實甘藷簇葉病可經由臺灣之兔絲（Cuscuta chinensis）媒介傳染。作者在本省苗栗及南投地區採集之兔絲，經鑑定為C. chinensis Lam.。以兔絲實生苗繁殖寄生在健全長春草，為傳染媒介兔絲材料，將兔絲蔓捲接寄生在甘藷簇葉病病苗，然後將該病苗生長出之免絲蔓捲接聯結寄生在供試長春草及甘藷健苗，以該寄生兔絲蔓及其吸器，將病苗與健苗相聯接達28~37 天，結果可使該病原菌質經由此項兔絲蔓及其吸器之媒介而傳染，使供試甘藷苗罹病生長出小葉病徵，使長春草苗罹病生長出葉化花病徵。此項傳染罹病植株顯現病徵之發病潛伏期為42~110 天。
經試驗證實，臺灣之兔絲之寄主植物範圍廣泛，包括各種蔬菜、花類、雜草等範圍很廣的不同科屬植物。供試30 種植物中，以長春草、絲瓜、紅菜、馬麻藤、細花野牽牛、蠶豆等為其最適宜之寄主植物。
The results of successful transmission of sweet potato witches ' broom disease by dodder Cuscuta chinensis Lam. are reported in the present paper. The sweet potato witches’ broom could be transmitted from infected sweet potato to healthy sweet potato and periwinkle plants through the bridge formed between the inoculum and inoculated plants by the haustoria and twining stems of the parasitic plant dodder C . chinensis, the parasitic dodder connections were maintained for about 28 to 37 days , and the new growth developed from the inoculated plants showed phyllody and little leaf symptoms after incubation periods of 42 to 110 days. These experiments confirmed that the dodder C . chinensis has a wide range of host plants including several vegetable, ornamental and weed plants belonging to families widely separated taxonomically. This is the first report of a successful dodder transmission of sweet potato witches broom by C . chinensis Lam
The occurrence of sesame witches’ broon in Taiwan
No full text本病依其花器葉化症狀暫稱為芝麻簇葉病。本病在臺灣之發生，首由作者於1970年在民雄發現。本病病徵為花器葉化並因葉化花之異常分蘗而形成帚狀簇生分枝，病株少有結實。
本病可經嫁接傳染，夏季間之嫁接傳染試驗結果，其發病潛伏期在18至44天。本病不能經由病株汁液接種傳染，亦不能經由芝麻病株之種子傳染。
The sesame witches’ broom was first recognized in Mingshung, Chiayi in 1970, and it was a newly recorded disease in this island.
The diseased plants have phylloid flowers, shortening of the upper internodes and bearing seldom fruit. The abnormal shoots growing from the crowded phylloid flowers showed the typical witches’ broom symptom.
The disease could be transmitted by graft inoculation and the incubation period of infected sesame plants inoculated by grafting was ranged from 18 to 44 days in the summer.
The disease could not be transmitted by sap inoculation or through seeds of affected sesame plants
(18(3):50-61)STUDIES ON WITCHS’ BROOM OF SWEET POTATO IN TAIWAN
No full text1.甘藷品系對簇葉病感病性嫁接試驗結果，第一批已罹病品系有臺農10號等73種。病徵分為A，B，C，D四型，不同品系之病徵有顯著之差異，可知其感病性亦有差異，由於品系間耐病性之測定可以選擇抗病性品種。
2.11月至翌年2月間，由於冬季低溫環境之影響，各甘藷苗經嫁接接種感染後至病徵出現之潛伏期，長達4至5個月。
3.田間發病嚴重區，不同品種間發病程度亦有差異，其發病株率計為，金瓜接44%，菜頭接20%，紅心尾5.8%。
4.甘藷簇葉病病株熱處理結果，病株之耐溫界限為，溫水處理54℃ 5分鐘，50℃ 30分鐘，以下。在此耐溫界限下，熱處理之效果，未能殺滅其病原。
5.本病經嫁接接種在 Ipomoea Pes-caprae sweet及Ipomoea Nil Roth之結果，顯示典型之花器葉化，枝葉短小，叢生，萎黃病微，與新海昭（1964）報告之琉球甘藷天狗巢病相類似。
This paper reports the experimental results on varietal resistance. Eradication by thermotherapy and Host range of sweet potato witchs’ broom in Taiwan were conducted at the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station from July, 1968 to June, 1969. The results are briefed as follows:
1. Seventy-three varieties of sweet potato growing in the Chiayi Agricultural Experi ment Station were used in this graft transmission test. All of these showed infected symp tom, were susceptible ranging from the infection degree of A (Severe form) to D (Mild form). 27 of these showed typical symptom (A-B, Severe form). For the remaining va rieties. 18 showed mild symptom (C-D). Scions taken from diseased plants were grafted to healthy stocks and were obtained with an incubation period ranged from 50 days in summer time and to 120 days in winter time.
2. Observation on the intensity of field varietal infection rate. total of 6,396 plants including three varieties of sweet potato were used. It is apparent that the difference of field infection rate to the disease among varieties are very significant. All of them were either susceptible or highly susceptible ranged from 5.9% to 44.2% in their infection rate. While the Ching-Kua-Chie variety was the highest one. However, it still needs further observations to confirm whether they ere real varietal resistance or the escaping to the disease due to the environmental condition.
3. Infected cuttings of sweet potato were treated by hot water at the temperature of
45-65°C, in attempts to eliminate sweet potato witchs’ broom disease by heat treatment. Cuttins survived up to 5 minutes under 54°C and 30 minutes under 50° C, all of them can not eliminate the pathogene or eradicate the disease by thermotherapy.
4. Plants confirmed as host plant by graft transmission of sweet potato witchs’ broom disease were creeping herb (Ipomoea pes-Caprae Sweet) and morning glory (Ipomoea Nil Roth.). It’s vines become shortened, leaves curled, elongated axillary buds and green flower petals presenting typical symptoms. While China aster (Callistephus Chinensis Nees.), zinnia (Zinnia elegans L.). Gromphrena globosa L. were not attacked by it
Lang yu yang.
No full text杨永译.原书名(transliterated): Volki i ov︠t︡sy.五幕剧.Yang Yong yi.Yuan shu ming (transliterated): Volki i ov︠t︡sy.Wu mu ju
PENYERANGAN TIMUR LANG TERHADAP KESULTANAN TURKI UTSMANI PADA MASA BAYAZID I (1399-1402 M)
Get PDFTimur Lang mendirikan Dinasti Timuriah pada 1370 M. Untuk mengembangkan kekuasaannya, ia menaklukkan berbagai wilayah dari timur hingga barat, salah satunya ialah Baghdad yang dipimpin Sultan Ahmad. Timur Lang harus kembali ke Baghdad untuk menghadapi pemberontakan kepadanya yang dilakukan Sultan Ahmad yang dibantu oleh Qara Yusuf. Akan tetapi, mereka telah mendapatkan suaka politik dari Bayazid I, Sultan Turki Utsmani. Hal ini menimbulkan sentimen politik dari Timur Lang kepada Bayazid I. Sentimen tersebut tertuang dalam suratnya kepada Bayazid I agar menyerahkan mereka kembali. Hal tersebut ditolak Bayazid I. Sentimen semakin bertambah ketika Bayazid I menaklukkan sekutu Timur Lang, Erzindjian, saat mengembangkan kekuasaannya ke timur. Sehingga Timur Lang menyerang Turki Utsmani pada 1402 M. Akibatnya, timbul perang saudara di Turki Utsmani. Fokus permasalahan yang dirumuskan ialah motif penyerangan Timur Lang terhadap Turki Utsmani dan kronologi penyerangan serta dampak penyerangan. Adapun tujuan yang dicapai adalah untuk mengetahui proses penyerangan dari awal hingga akhir dan dampak penyerangan, serta untuk merekonstruksi masa lampau secara kronologis dan sistematis berdasar pada data-data yang diperoleh. Alat analisis untuk merekonstruksi permasalahan berupa pendekatan sosiologi politik yang digunakan untuk membahas konflik. Digunakan pula teori konflik Lewis Alfred Coser, teori ini diperlukan untuk mendalami penyebab, proses, dan dampak penyerangan terhadap Turki Utsmani. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian library research, yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan dan difokuskan pada telaah, pengkajian, dan pembahasan literatur yang terkait dengan penyerangan Timur Lang terhadap Turki Utsmani. Metode yang dipakai adalah metode penelitian sejarah, yang menurut Kuntowijoyo terdapat lima tahapan, pemilihan topik, pengumpulan data, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Berdasarkan penelitian pustaka yang dilakukan, disimpulkan bahwa penyerangan disebabkan oleh pemberian suaka politik bagi musuh Timur Lang oleh Bayazid I serta penaklukan wilayah sekutu Timur Lang oleh Bayazid I. Hal itu menyebabkan penyerangan terhadap Turki Utsmani dan dimenangkan oleh Timur Lang, karena mendapat posisi yang lebih baik serta pembelotan pasukan pada Turki Utsmani. Kematian Bayazid I menimbulkan perang saudara pada empat anaknya, yang dimenangkan oleh salah satu anaknya, Muhammad
024. 2 Timothy 4:6-8
No full textChapel Sermon by Lang Yang from 2 Timothy 4:6-8 on Thursday, October 24, 2013
- …
