18,023 research outputs found
Ryhiner-Kartensammlung / 30 Le royaume de Boheme divisée en ses douze cercles
No full textcarte reduite sur celle de 25. feuilles par Müller ; gravé par Jean Conr. BackAnsicht oben links (4 x 12 cm), bildliche Darstellung oben rechtsTitelkartusche unten rechts, Massstabs- und Legendenkartusche unten link
The politics and economics of regulatory impact assessment
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the link in this record
Pristimantis gralarias Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter 2018, sp. nov.
No full textPristimantis gralarias sp. nov. Guayasamin, Arteaga & Hutter Holotype: MZUTI 1466 (Figs. 1–3), adult female from TKA trail (0.0275° S, 78.70477° W; 2192 m), Reserva Las Gralarias, Pichincha province, Ecuador, collected on February 29 th, 2012, by Italo Tapia and Henry Imba. Genbank accession numbers: MH 306193, MH 306194. Diagnosis: Pristimantis gralarias is characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) skin on dorsum and flanks shagreen with numerous, scattered, low tubercles; venter areolate; discoidal fold absent; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus evident; (3) snout short, rounded in dorsal and lateral profiles; (4) upper eyelid with several low tubercles; (5) dentigerous process of the vomer present, bearing teeth; (6) male sexual traits (e.g., vocal slits, nuptial pads) unknown; (7) first finger shorter than second; (8) fingers with narrow lateral fringes; (9) low ulnar tubercles present; (10) heel and tarsus with small, non-conical tubercles; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle conspicuous, oval, 4– 5x round outer metatarsal tubercle; (12) toes bearing narrow lateral fringes, webbing absent, discs not expanded laterally, fifth toe about same length as third; (13) in life, dorsum grayish brown, with black marks, flanks pale brown with an olive blotch and black marks, venter black with minute white spots, iris black with minute golden and silver spots; and (14) SVL in adult female 21.0 mm (n = 1), males unknown. Comparison with similar species: Pristimantis gralarias sp. nov. is most similar to species placed in the phenetic Pristimantis myersi Group, which was initially defined by Lynch (1981) as the Eleutherodactylus myersi assembly. The new species shares the following diagnostic traits of the myersi Group (as defined by Hedges et al. 2008): small body size (females less than 28 mm), short snout, robust body, Finger I shorter than II, Toe V slightly longer than Toe III and does not extend to the proximal edge of the distal subarticular tubercle of Toe IV, digital discs narrow and rounded, tympanic membrane differentiated, cranial crests absent. Below we provide a comparison with species that form part of the P. myersi Group and that are found on the Pacific versant of the Andes; these species are: P. floridus (Lynch & Duellman 1997), P. hectus Lynch & Burrowes 1990, P. leoni Lynch 1976, P. lucidosignatus Rödder & Schimtz 2009, P. munozi Rojas-Runjaic, Delgado, Guayasamin 2014, P. mutabilis Guayasamin 2015, P. onorei Rödder & Schimtz 2009, P. pyrrhomerus Lynch 1976, and P. sirnigeli Yánez-Muñoz, Meza-Ramos, Cisneros-Heredia & Reyes 2011. The most conspicuous trait that distinguishes Pristimantis gralarias sp. nov. from other species in the P. myersi Group is that the new species has fingers and toes that are slender and lack a distal lateral expansion; all the other species mentioned above (except P. sirnigeli) have some degree of distal lateral expansion (Figs. 2, 3). Pristimantis gralarias sp. nov. is further differentiated from P. hectus, P. leoni, P. lucidosignatus, P. munozi, P. mutabilis, P. onorei, P. pyrrhomerus, and P. sirnigeli by lacking a conical tubercle on the upper eyelid (Fig. 4). Furthermore, the closest uncorrected pair-wise genetic distance to P. gralarias is 6.5–6.7% from P. myersi and P. ocreatus. An unpublished thesis focusing on the Pristimantis myersi Group (Rojas-Runjaic 2012), which includes several other species of the myersi group (i.e., P. gralarias sp nov, P. hectus, P. leoni, P. sirnigeli) also supports the lineage differentiation between P. gralarias sp nov and all other sampled Pristimantis. Description of holotype (Figs. 1–3): Adult female, with relatively robust body (Fig. 1). Skin of dorsum and flanks shagreen, with numerous scattered low tubercles; skin on venter areolate. Head slightly longer than wide (Head Length = 37% of SVL; Head Width = 35% of SVL). Snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views, with very small papilla at tip; canthus rostralis distinct, slightly concave; lips rounded, not flared. Black canthal stripe present. Nostrils slightly protuberant, directed laterally. Internarial region and top of head flat. Eye of moderate size, its diameter 13% of SVL. Tympanic membrane differentiated, but pigmented as surrounding skin; tympanum conspicuous, oval, diameter 5.7% of SVL. Supratympanic fold low, obscuring upper margin of tympanum; black supratympanic stripe present. Dentigerous processes of vomers conspicuous, having triangular shape, wellseparated from each other; each process bears 3 (right) and 4 (left) teeth. Choanae of moderate size, elliptical, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch. Tongue large, cordiform, with its anterior third attached to the floor of mouth. Forearm with three low ulnar tubercles. Fingers slender; discs not expanded laterally, and with clearly defined circumferential groove; disc on Finger III narrower than tympanum diameter. Relative lengths of fingers I <II <IV <III. Fingers with narrow dermal fringes; webbing absent. Subarticular tubercles round, simple, moderate-sized. Supernumerary tubercles present, numerous, fleshy and small. Palmar tubercle well-differentiated, bifid distally. Inner metacarpal tubercle large, elliptical. Hind limbs moderately robust; tibia length 49% SVL; foot length 47% SVL. Heel with small, non-conical tubercle; four low, non-conical tarsal tubercles present. Inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, 4–5 times size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; planar surface with numerous small supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles single, round, moderate-sized. Toes with narrow lateral fringes; toe discs not expanded laterally; pads with clearly defined circumferential groove. Relative length of toes I <II <III = V <IV; toe webbing absent. Color in life: Dorsum grayish brown, with black marks; flanks pale brown with an olive blotch and black marks; dark red groin. Lip with black stripes; black canthal and supratympanic stripes. Venter black with minute white spots; iris black with minute golden and silver spots and orange circunpupillary ring (Fig. 1). Color in preservative: Dorsum and flanks grayish brown, with black marks; cream groin. Black canthal and supratympanic stripes. Venter dark brown, with minute cream spots. Measurements of the holotype (in mm): MZUTI 1466, adult female. SVL 21.0; Femur length 9.6; Tibia length 10.3; Foot length 9.8; Head length 7.7; Head width 7.4; Snout-to-eye distance 1.7; Tympanum 1.2; Radioulna length 5.1; Hand length 5.4; Eye diameter 2.7; Interorbital distance 2.0; Finger I length 3.5; Finger II length 3.9; Finger III Disc Diameter 0.4; Toe IV length 9.9; Toe V length 6.4; Toe IV Disc Diameter 0.4. Distribution: Pristimantis gralarias is only known from its type locality, Reserva Las Gralarias (0.0275° S, 78.70477° W; 2192 m; Fig. 5), Pichincha Province, Ecuador. Natural History: During the night, the holotype was found on a leaf 90 cm above ground in a primary forest. Conservation: Pristimantis gralarias is only known from its type locality, Reserva Las Gralarias (Fig. 1), Pichincha Province, Ecuador. Given that the cloud forests of northwestern Ecuador are relatively well-known in terms of Pristimantis diversity (see Lynch & Duellman, 1997; Arteaga et al. 2013) and that the new species is extremely rare at its type locality—despite intensive fieldwork (Guayasamin et al. 2014, 2015; Hutter & Guayasamin 2015)—we consider Pristimantis gralarias as Critically Endangered, following IUCN (2001) criteria B2a (known to exist from a single locality) and B2biii (continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected, in area, extent and/or quality of habitat; see Palacios-González et al. 2015). Etymology: The specific epithet gralarias is a noun in apposition and refers to the type locality of the new species, Reserva Las Gralarias (http://www.reservalasgralarias.com). We take pleasure in dedicating this species to the reserve and the team of people, led by Dr. Jane Lyons, for efforts on the conservation and research of Ecuadorian cloud forests. As the English common name for this species, we suggest Gralarias Rainfrog. As the common name in Spanish, we suggest Cutín de Las Gralarias. Evolutionary relationships: Phylogenetic inference shows that Pristimantis gralarias sp. nov. is part of a clade composed, mostly, by species from the P. myersi Group (Fig. 6). Specific relationships vary depending on the inference method; the Maximum Likelihood tree shows P. gralarias as sister to a clade formed by P. festae, P. leoni, P. ocreatus, P. myersi (Fig. 6). In contrast, the Bayesian tree infers a sister relationship between P. gralarias and a clade composed by P. ocreatus and P. myersi. These topological discrepancies are expected giving that clade support at this level is low (Fig. 6). The sample herein labelled as P. myersi (WED 53004 / KU 202419) has been misidentified in previous studies as P. thymelensis (see Zhang et al. 2013; Padial et al. 2014; González-Durán et al. 2017; Rivera-Correa et al. 2017).Published as part of Guayasamin, Juan M., Arteaga, Alejandro & Hutter, Carl R., 2018, A new (singleton) rainfrog of the Pristimantis myersi Group (Amphibia: Craugastoridae) from the northern Andes of Ecuador, pp. 323-334 in Zootaxa 4527 (3) on pages 325-328, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/261227
Survey parameters for detecting 21-cm-Ly α emitter cross-correlations with the Square Kilometre Array
No full textDetections of the cross-correlation signal between the 21 cm signal during reionization and high-redshift Lyman-alpha (Ly alpha) emitters (LAEs) are subject to observational uncertainties which mainly include systematics associated with radio interferometers and LAE selection. These uncertainties can be reduced by increasing the survey volume and/or the survey luminosity limit, i.e. the faintest detectable Ly a luminosity. We use our model of high-redshift LAEs and the underlying reionization state to compute the uncertainties of the 21-cm-LAE cross-correlation function at z similar or equal to 6.6 for observations with SKA1-Low and LAE surveys with Delta z = 0.1 for three different values of the average inter-galactic medium (IGM) ionization state ( similar or equal to 0.1, 0.25, 0.5). At z similar or equal to 6.6, we find SILVERRUSH type surveys, with a field of view of 21 deg(2) and survey luminosity limits of L-alpha = 7.9 x 10(42) erg s(-1), to be optimal to distinguish between an IGM that is 50, 25, and 10 per cent neutral, while surveys with smaller fields of view and lower survey luminosity limits, such as the 5 and 10 deg(2) surveys with WFIRST, can only discriminate between a 50 and 10 per cent neutral IGM
Phase Distribution Efficiency of cm-Scale Ultrasonically Powered Receivers
No full textIn the domain of ultrasonically powered biomedical implants, there is an increasing interest in cm-scale ultrasonic receivers (RX). However, when a single-element transducer is used as the RX transducer, an uneven phase distribution across the RX area can significantly reduce the harvestable power. In this paper, we investigate the impact of lateral and angular misalignment on the acoustic field phase distribution across the RX surface. We show that, for a single-element RX transducer, lateral misalignment has minimal effect on the harvestable power, whereas even small angular misalignments can cause a considerable reduction, especially for larger RX sizes. We present a potential solution that consists of subdividing a large RX transducer (e.g. 20 × 20mm2) into smaller elements, which significantly improves power transfer efficiency by taking advantage of the smaller phase variation across the surface of each element. The trade-offs between achieving a minimum acceptable power transfer efficiency and managing the increased complexity in packaging and matching circuitry are also discussed.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic Components, Technology and MaterialsBio-Electronic
Highly efficient laser-driven Compton gamma-ray source
No full textThe recent advancement of high-intensity lasers has made all-optical Compton scattering become a promising way to produce ultrashort brilliant gamma-rays in an ultra-compact system. However, so far achieved Compton gamma-ray sources are limited by low conversion efficiency and spectral intensity. Here we present a highly efficient gamma photon emitter obtained by irradiating a high-intensity laser pulse on a miniature plasma device consisting of a plasma lens and a plasma mirror. This concept exploits strong spatiotemporal laser-shaping process and high-charge electron acceleration process in the plasma lens, as well as an efficient nonlinear Compton scattering process enabled by the plasma mirror. Our full three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that in this novel scheme, brilliant gamma-rays with very high conversion efficiency (higher than 10(-2)) and spectral intensity (similar to 10(9) photons/0.1%BW) can be achieved by employing currently available petawatt-class lasers with intensity of 10(21) W cm(-2). Such efficient and intense gamma-ray sources would find applications in wide-ranging areas. ©2019 The Author(s)
CM Periods, CM Regulators, and Hypergeometric Functions, I
No full textWe prove the Gross-Deligne conjecture on CM periods for motives associated with H-2 of certain surfaces fibered over the projective line. Then we prove for the same motives a formula which expresses the K-1-regulators in terms of hypergeometric functions F-3(2), and obtain a new example of non-trivial regulators
Mapping SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM
No full textA SNOMED CT-encoded problem list is required to satisfy the Certification Criteria for Stage 2 “Meaningful Use”. ICD-10-CM has replaced ICD-9-CM as the reimbursement code set in 2015. Having a cross-map from SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM would promote the use of SNOMED CT as the primary problem list terminology, while easing the transition to ICD-10-CM. There is no established principle and methodology on systematically and semantically linking SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM. This research project describes the development of mapping principle, mapping guidelines, mapping tools and mapping methodology for a rule-based crosswalk to support semi-automatic generation of ICD-10-CM codes from SNOMED CT-encoded data. A series of mapping guidelines were developed based on the clinical use case, SNOMED CT modeling convention, and ICD-10-CM classification guidelines. One of the important methodology in developing the map set is using triangulation in generating legacy maps. Using the SNOMED CT to ICD-9-CM map and General Equivalence Mappings sequentially, Indirect Map was generated from SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM for 96.2% of the SNOMED CT concepts within the scope of the study. Another innovation in this crossmapping research is implementation of a principle to handle age specification. The age rule was one type of rule to handle cases in which one SNOMED CT concept can map to different ICD-10-CM codes depending on the age of the patient. The age rule quality assurance (QA) was a mechanism to capture the age specification that can be easily missed by manual mapping. The results showed that the mapping guidelines ensured the mapping consistency, which potentially would reduce the mapping discrepancy between the two independent parallel mapping efforts. It also made it possible that the map set can be used in a meaningful way when data is exchanged. On this triangulation method in generating legacy map, an Indirect Map generated from SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM covered a very high percentage of SNOMED CT concepts. Overall, this Indirect Map had a moderate degree of agreement with the Direct SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM map. However, the indirect synonymy maps have much higher precision and can be used for quality assurance (QA) of the three maps. The age rule QA identified 342 out of 7,277 concepts which potentially required age rules, among these 50.3% turned out to be true positives. Without this QA, a large proportion of age rules in the published Map would have been missed. The outcomes of this research project include a set of mapping principle, mapping guidelines, mapping tools and mapping methodology for a rule-based crosswalk from SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM. All these could be used as a prototype in other cross standard mappings. For example, in the US, ICD-10-PCS officially replaced ICD-9-CM from October 2015 onwards. A project was formulating earlier this year (2015) for the purpose of creating the map from SNOMED CT procedure to ICD-10-PCS. It is a pleasant finding that tooling, principles and guidelines established in SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM mapping can be re-used, with modifications, for the PCS mapping process.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Junchuan X
Survey parameters for detecting 21-cm-Ly alpha emitter cross-correlations with the Square Kilometre Array
No full textDetections of the cross-correlation signal between the 21 cm signal during reionization and high-redshift Lyman-alpha (Ly alpha) emitters (LAEs) are subject to observational uncertainties which mainly include systematics associated with radio interferometers and LAE selection. These uncertainties can be reduced by increasing the survey volume and/or the survey luminosity limit, i.e. the faintest detectable Ly a luminosity. We use our model of high-redshift LAEs and the underlying reionization state to compute the uncertainties of the 21-cm-LAE cross-correlation function at z similar or equal to 6.6 for observations with SKA1-Low and LAE surveys with Delta z = 0.1 for three different values of the average inter-galactic medium (IGM) ionization state ( similar or equal to 0.1, 0.25, 0.5). At z similar or equal to 6.6, we find SILVERRUSH type surveys, with a field of view of 21 deg(2) and survey luminosity limits of L-alpha = 7.9 x 10(42) erg s(-1), to be optimal to distinguish between an IGM that is 50, 25, and 10 per cent neutral, while surveys with smaller fields of view and lower survey luminosity limits, such as the 5 and 10 deg(2) surveys with WFIRST, can only discriminate between a 50 and 10 per cent neutral IGM
- …
