1,721,146 research outputs found
INNOVATIVE CERAMIC MATERIALS AND PROCESSES FOR AERONAUTIC APPLICATIONS
Full text linkIn the field of aerospace, aircrafts are the most dominant element with other spacecrafts and research satellites finding a limited usage. All the space vehicles are run by the highly efficient engines to make them escape the gravity in case of spacecraft or enable them to carry heavy loads and move quickly to the long destination as achieved by the civil and military planes. To achieve the excellence in transportation in the space, air vehicles are fitted with the engines (rocket or jet engines), these are termed as the power houses and are operated at extremely high temperature and pressure. Such a high temperature achievement and sustainment over the passage of time has put the challenges to the manufacturers and material producers. Spacecrafts and other research crafts which are specifically designed to achieve supersonic flights use special type of non-air breathing engines (rocket engine or scramjet/ramjet) and materials and comprise only up to 10% of the aeronautical industry. All other planes used by the airliners or being used as military planes rely on the air-breathing engines (jet engines). Depending upon the function and role of a plane these jet engines have different modifications but the operating unit and principle of all these engines remain same and is a variant of gas generator. Common goal of achieving the maximum fuel efficiency (thermal efficiency) in all the planes still remain same. Achievement of high thermal efficiency led to the development of materials and new methods to extract the maximum possible effectiveness of the materials. Simultaneously, new techniques also emerged to boost the overall operation. One such milestone was the development of superalloys and evolve of the process to fabricate superalloyed blades from equiaxed to single crystal. And introduction of cooling channels and thermal barrier coatings has carried this to limits of the current systems. With the metals and existing technology reaching the limit, focus is placed on the development of ceramic materials. Most of the technical (high temperature) ceramics are brittle and difficult to fabricate, Si3N4 one among this class is overlapping with metals in terms of toughness but production of this material into useful components is challenging. There are some derivatives of Si3N4 which are easy to produce (develop) into components but their development is limited to few special ceramic processing techniques. These derivatives are α-Sialon and β-Sialon later is easy to fabricate and develop into the components but is very soft, the former is hard and strong and impossible to be synthesized without the use of hot isostatic pressing (HIP), hot pressing and spark plasma sintering (SPS). All of these methods limit the size and geometry of the object to be produced. Machining of these hard materials at cost of diamond to make useful shapes is another restriction; additionally highly machined components may get notches and other fabrication defects which limit the mechanical properties. Production of Si3N4 based materials, Sialons, using the colloidal processing and pressure less consolidation (sintering) technique has been the challenge. Composition of the pure α-Sialon material was modified with another material, aluminosilicate (β-Sialon former) and this system could be sintered without applying pressure. Modification of this system (material-method) as influenced by the other useful additives like MgO, Spinel and Ce2O3 was also observed. Hence a new material system capable to be processed by shaping and forming methods linked to colloidal processing was designe
Spatial analysis of potato black scurf disease distribution using GIS and variability of Rhizoctonia solani isolates in Central Karakoram National Park Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
No full textSpatial variability of soil micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Zn & Mn) and population dynamic of mycoflora in potato fields of CKNP region Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan
No full textWhat is behind the OpenDOAR? New Development and Community Benefits
Full text linkPresentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014General Track Papers and PanelsThe session was recorded and is available for watching (this presentation starts at 0:44:08)Since its outset in 2005 the Directory of Open Access (OpenDOAR) [1] harvests, holds, distributes and maintains authoritative metadata about open access repositories. OpenDOAR staff have assessed over three thousand open access repositories world wide against a set of criteria to establish their openness making OpenDOAR the leading service of its kind worldwide. Now the technology underlying OpenDOAR is changing to accommodate a distributed, holistic network of services in the repository eco-system. The change will increase accessibility and re-use of OpenDOAR data, prompting innovative development and enabling the establishment of services that improve research workflows. Cottage Labs and the University of Nottingham have collaborated using funding from Jisc [2] to develop a new system architecture, data model and overall approach to the registry which will dramatically change the way the community can interact with it.Jones, Richard (Cottage Labs, United Kingdom)MacGillivray, Mark (Cottage Labs, United Kingdom)Bamkin, Marianne (University of Nottingham, United Kingdom)Hussain, Azhar (University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Reproduktiv Sundhed i en rettighedsbaseret udviklingsdiskurs
No full textThis paper examines the development in discourse through the policy process, in the case of Denmark altering their development policy in 2012. Denmark’s at that time new minister for development cooperation Christian Friis Bach brings with him a new view on development. He believes that Denmark should now employ their development work through the Rights Based Approach, an approach to development work which tries to empower citizens to claim their human rights. At this point in time the international Millenium Development Goals are up for review, with the goal of lowering the maternal death rate being furthest from being reached. As women’s rights is an essential part of Danish development policy we have explored how the discourse change within Danish development policy can can effect government priorities in relation to maternal health in developing countries. Through this analysis we conclude that Friis Bach, as a minister and with his background, has the needed power to initiate a change in the development discourse. We further discover that women’s rights is as an area of political consensus, and that even though the discourse changes, the priorities does not change considerably. However, this project shows that the allocation of extra grants seems to be determined by the dominant discourse in this case towards advocacy aimed at civil society.This paper examines the development in discourse through the policy process, in the case of Denmark altering their development policy in 2012. Denmark’s at that time new minister for development cooperation Christian Friis Bach brings with him a new view on development. He believes that Denmark should now employ their development work through the Rights Based Approach, an approach to development work which tries to empower citizens to claim their human rights. At this point in time the international Millenium Development Goals are up for review, with the goal of lowering the maternal death rate being furthest from being reached. As women’s rights is an essential part of Danish development policy we have explored how the discourse change within Danish development policy can can effect government priorities in relation to maternal health in developing countries. Through this analysis we conclude that Friis Bach, as a minister and with his background, has the needed power to initiate a change in the development discourse. We further discover that women’s rights is as an area of political consensus, and that even though the discourse changes, the priorities does not change considerably. However, this project shows that the allocation of extra grants seems to be determined by the dominant discourse in this case towards advocacy aimed at civil society
En model i modvind - et studie af flexicurity-modellens udvikling
No full textThis project investigates how the Danish flexicurity-model has developed through the years and until present and which consequences it brings to the unemployed. The Danish flexicurity-model is quite unique and it is one of the earmarks of the Danish welfare state and it is considered as one the cornerstone in the Danish labour market. In daily speech the flexicurity-model is known as “the golden triangle” because it consists of three main characteristics. The characteristics of the model are: flexibility, which guarantees a flexible labour market, security, which guarantees the workers an economic safety if they lose their job, and an active employment policy, which guarantees the unemployed help and guidance so they can come back to the labour market as soon as possible. Because of it’s success the Danish flexicurity-model has received great attention from many countries around the world who have been inspired by it. The Danish flexicurity-model has been under development, and some may argue that the model has lost some of it’s unique characteristics and that some of legs in “the golden triangle” have become longer and that one of the legs, the “security-leg”, has become shorter, so there present is an unbalance in the model. In this project we will investigate how the Danish flexicurity-model has developed during the years until present and which consequences it brings to those suffering under it; the unemployed. First we will account for how the Danish flexicurity-model was established, what it’s purposes are and how it has developed. Then we will discuss how the economic theories about Keynesianism and Monetary look at the Danish flexicurity-model and which opinions they have about it. Next we will analyze how the changes in the Danish flexicurity-model affect the unemployed. Hereunder we will investigate how the unemployeds’ search after work has changed together with the changes in the flexicurity-model and which incentives there are important in their search. Furthermore we wish to analyze which consequences the unemployeds experience as a result of they have become unemployed, for example we would like to investigate if the unemployeds are experiencing a greater deal of stigmatization by the society and how it affects their acknowledgement in the society. To analyse this thesis we will use the theories about Stigmatization and Acknowledgement.This project investigates how the Danish flexicurity-model has developed through the years and until present and which consequences it brings to the unemployed. The Danish flexicurity-model is quite unique and it is one of the earmarks of the Danish welfare state and it is considered as one the cornerstone in the Danish labour market. In daily speech the flexicurity-model is known as “the golden triangle” because it consists of three main characteristics. The characteristics of the model are: flexibility, which guarantees a flexible labour market, security, which guarantees the workers an economic safety if they lose their job, and an active employment policy, which guarantees the unemployed help and guidance so they can come back to the labour market as soon as possible. Because of it’s success the Danish flexicurity-model has received great attention from many countries around the world who have been inspired by it. The Danish flexicurity-model has been under development, and some may argue that the model has lost some of it’s unique characteristics and that some of legs in “the golden triangle” have become longer and that one of the legs, the “security-leg”, has become shorter, so there present is an unbalance in the model. In this project we will investigate how the Danish flexicurity-model has developed during the years until present and which consequences it brings to those suffering under it; the unemployed. First we will account for how the Danish flexicurity-model was established, what it’s purposes are and how it has developed. Then we will discuss how the economic theories about Keynesianism and Monetary look at the Danish flexicurity-model and which opinions they have about it. Next we will analyze how the changes in the Danish flexicurity-model affect the unemployed. Hereunder we will investigate how the unemployeds’ search after work has changed together with the changes in the flexicurity-model and which incentives there are important in their search. Furthermore we wish to analyze which consequences the unemployeds experience as a result of they have become unemployed, for example we would like to investigate if the unemployeds are experiencing a greater deal of stigmatization by the society and how it affects their acknowledgement in the society. To analyse this thesis we will use the theories about Stigmatization and Acknowledgement
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