1,720,961 research outputs found
FORMULASI GEL PATI BENGKUANG (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.) DENGAN GELLING AGENT METILSELULOSA
Full text linkBengkuang roots (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.) empirically have been used as cosmetics materials, primarily as sun screen and whitening agent. Bengkuang roots posses 6 compound which have tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Commercially, bengkuang roots available as whitening cream and lotion but those dosage forms are not suitable for oily skin. In this study the gel was formulated with varying methylcellulose (4% and 5%) as gelling agent. The evaluation included stability, organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, and spreading test. Formula A (4% methylcellulose) meets all physical requirements of gel. The result of acceptability (hedonic test. showed the most acceptance formula was formula A (4% methylcellulose)
EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN KOKANG (Lepisanthes amoena) SEBAGAI TABIR SURYA; EKSPLORASI KEARIFAN LOKAL KALIMANTAN TIMUR
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EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SALAM (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) SEBAGAI PENGAWET ALAMI ANTIMIKROBA
No full textPreservative is an additive substance to protect products from microbial contamination. Consumer demand for preservative-free products has encouraged the development of cosmetic products with natural preservative. Bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.)) have potential as a natural preservative. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of the Bay leaves ethanol extract as an antimicrobial preservative in cream using antimicrobial preservatives testing procedures according to the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia Edition IV.
Bay leaves are extracted using ethanol 95%. Bay leaf extract formulated into cream with concentration of 5% and 10%. Pour plate method and calculation of the number of bacteria by plate method has conducted on the effectiveness of antibacterial preservative.
Percent mortality after 14 days observation of the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively on formula A are 94.00% and 84.55%, while formula B are 97.28%, and 92.76%. It can be concluded that the bay leaves ethanol extract concentrations of 5% and 10% was ineffective as an antimicrobial preservative according to the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia Edition I
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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