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HIFZH AL-‘IRḌ DALAM TRANSFORMASI SOSIAL MODERN (Upaya Menjadikan Hifzhu Al-‘IrḠSebagai MaqÄshid Al-DharÅ«rÄ«y)
Full text linkThe old maqÄshid theory which still survives and is popular among ushuliyÅ«n, there are five known as al-dharÅ«riyyÄt al-khamsah. The discourse to add al-dharÅ«riyyÄt al-khamsah to aldharÅ«riyyÄt al-sittah or al-sab'ah and so on, has been rolled out by ushuliyÅ«n figures, although the addition received mixed responses. One of the additional discourses is to make hifzhu al ‘irdh part of al-dharÅ«riyyÄt. Such discourse has been offered by TÄj al-din al-subki in the book jamâu al-jawÄmi’, as well as At-ThÅ«fi and Al-qarÄfi, only Al-qarÄfi is not so strict. The modern figure who offered the idea back was Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi who later received a positive response from Muhammad Ahmad Al-QayatÄ« in his dissertation. Al-SyÄthibi makes hifzhu al-‘irdh included in the category of hifzhu al-nafs. Likewise AlGhazali and Ibn Al-Hajib did not make hifzhu al-‘irdh included in the category of al-dharÅ«rÄ«y. This attitude is supported by modern maqÄshid figures including Ibn ‘Āsyur, Ramadan Al-Buthi and Ahmad Al-Raisuni. In addition there is also a third opinion offered by Ibn Zaghibah ‘izz Al-Din who made hifzhul al-'irdh part of dharuriyat but not in the kulliyah category but included in the juz’iyyah category. The study was conducted using descriptive analysis methods, with data library research techniques (library research), the approach taken was a sociological approach. The results of the study note that: (1) the existence of times and technology that is so fast and 'radical', indirectly affect social and legal changes; (2) the existence of ikhtilÄf among ushuliyÅ«n and related modern figures to make hifzhu al-‘irdh as the category of al-dharÅ«riy or al-hÄjiy; (3) with the social transformation that is so fast, then the discourse makes hifzhu al-sebagaiirdh as categorical al-dharÅ«riy is a necessity
The Urgency of Maqāshid al-Syarīah in Strengthening Religious Moderation in Aceh
Full text linkUnderstanding religion (fiqh al-din) is more specific than just knowing religion (al-'ilm bi al-din). Understanding religion will not be realized except by knowing the content and secrets of religion. The science that includes understanding the intentions contained in religious texts is in the study of maqāshid. Among the ways to produce a moderate understanding is to combine particular texts (nashus juz'iyyah) with global intentions (maqāshid kulliyyah). Then the principle that is used as the basis for understanding the text is to look at the difference in meaning in worship and muamalah and distinguish between fixed goals (maqāshid) and changing means (wasīlah). As a sharia area, minorities live in peace in Aceh, there is no conflict between Muslims and non-Muslims. However, the problem has occurred in the internal circles of Muslims in the last ten years as a result of the religious understanding of the Acehnese Muslims. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the concept of moderation in Islamic studies and how urgent the maqāshid al-syarīah approach is to strengthening religious moderation in Aceh. This research is field research with qualitative methods, while the data analysis uses descriptive-analytic with the maqāshid al-syarīah approach. The results show that religious moderation in Islamic studies is not a new thing, known as wasathiyah al-Islām. Then there are not a few who think that the internal moderation of Muslims in Aceh has not been going well and there is still a need for further strengthening and socialization related to religious moderation.Memahami agama (fiqh al-dīn) lebih khusus dari sekedar mengetahui agama (al-‘ilm bi al-dīn). Memahami agama tidak akan terealisasi kecuali dengan mengetahui kandungan dan rahasia agama. Ilmu yang mencakup memahami maksud-maksud yang ada dalam teks agama ada dalam kajian ilmu maqāshid. Di antara cara untuk menghasilkan pemahaman yang moderat adalah dengan menggabungkan antara teks (nash) yang partikular (juz’iyyah) dengan maksud global (maqāshid kulliyyah). Kemudian prinsip yang dijadikan landasan memahami teks adalah dengan melihat perbedaan makna dalam ibadah dan muamalah, dan membedakan antara tujuan (maqāshid) yang tetap dengan sarana (wasīlah) yang berubah. Sebagai daerah syariat, minoritas hidup tenang di Aceh, tidak ada konflik antara muslim dan non-muslim. Namun persoalannya justru terjadi di kalangan internal umat Islam dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir sebagai akibat dari pemahaman keagamaan umat Islam Aceh. Oleh karena itu perlu dilihat bagaimana konsep moderasi dalam kajian keislaman dan bagaimana urgensi pendekatan maqāshid al-syarīah dalam penguatan moderasi beragama di Aceh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan metode kualitatif, adapun analisis data menggunakan deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan maqāshid al-syarīah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa moderasi beragama dalam kajian keislaman ternyata bukanlah suatu hal yang baru, yang dikenal dengan wasathiyah al-islam. Kemudian tidak sedikit yang menganggap moderasi internal umat Islam di Aceh belum berjalan dengan baik dan masih perlu adanya penguatan dan sosialisasi lebih lanjut terkait moderasi beragama
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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