939 research outputs found
Letter from E.R. Fryer, Regional Director, War Relocation Authority, to Mrs. George Nakamura, September 8, 1942
No full textCorrespondence from E.R. Fryer to Dorothy Nakamura regarding Nakamura's request for her family to return to their home in Military Area No. 1 due to their status as a mixed-marriage family.The Japanese American Archival Collection documents the people, places, and daily life of Japanese Americans, primarily those who lived in the once thriving community of pre-war Florin in the Sacramento region, as well as the conditions in American incarceration camps during World War II. The approximately 7,000 original items include personal and official letters, photographs, diaries, arts and crafts, newsletters, textiles, camps artifacts, yearbooks and other publications
Shedding light on detritus: Interactions between invertebrates, bacteria and substrates in benthic habitats
No full textThe processing of dead organic matter, also known as detritus, is a central ecosystem process driven by detritus feeding organisms that are mostly located at the bottom of water bodies where dead organic matter (OM) accumulates. Detritivorous organisms form communities composed of invertebrates, fungi and bacteria that interact with each other and their substrate. Although it is likely that links between benthic biodiversity and OM processing are driven by similar mechanisms across different ecosystem types (forest floors, stream beds, coral reefs), it remains a challenge to identify general drivers of decomposition in benthic detrital food webs in different waters. The aim of this thesis was therefore to unravel interactions between the (functional) composition of invertebrate and bacterial communities, organic matter processing and abiotic variables in two contrasting benthic detrital food webs: one on soft bottom sediments and one on solid substrate, mangrove ecosystems. To this purpose, the following objectives have been set: 1) To evaluate the impact of OM composition on invertebrate-substrate interactions and organic matter processing; 2) To assess the impact of abiotic stressors on invertebrate-substrate interactions and organic matter processing; 3) To quantify the effect of functional diversity of bacteria and invertebrates on organic matter processing
The cognitive low-dynamic script in the novel E.R. Burroughs "A princess of mars"
No full textyesIn the article, the script is considered as a low-dynamic cognitive structure. It brings to light the specifics of the studied low-dynamic cognitive structure. The author carried out the cognitive-hermeneutic analysis of a nominative field of the linear script, which was represented in an architectonics of the concept sphere in the work by E.R. Burroughs "A Princess of Mars" and revealed the specifics of studied the low-dynamic structureBelgorod State Universit
The cognitive low-dynamic script in the novel E.R. Burroughs "A princess of mars"
No full textIn the article, the script is considered as a low-dynamic cognitive structure. It brings to light the specifics of the studied low-dynamic cognitive structure. The author carried out the cognitive-hermeneutic analysis of a nominative field of the linear script, which was represented in an architectonics of the concept sphere in the work by E.R. Burroughs "A Princess of Mars" and revealed the specifics of studied the low-dynamic structureyesBelgorod State Universit
Population genetics, behavioural ecology and management of the Greywing Francolin Francolinus africanus
No full textBibliography: p. 237-249.This study investigates the population genetics and behavioural ecology of the Greywing Francolin, Francolinus africanus, and identifies factors which influence the distribution and abundance of this important gamebird. It also develops scientifically sound management strategies which should allow the maintenance of populations at levels which will produce sustained and economically viable hunting yields as a co-product of agriculture. Examination of genetic variability based on allozymes disclosed estimates of average within-population heterozygosity higher than that for most birds, and for all other galliformes for which data are available. Thus, Greywing apparently have a high degree of population stability and large effective population sizes. Indirect estimates of migration and several significant allelefrequency differences between nearby coveys suggest that there is a greater degree of genetic subdivision among Greywing populations than among populations of other birds. However, although the data suggest that populations are genetically differentiated on a large geographical scale, they also indicate that there is considerable dispersal, which produces outbred subpopulations on a fine geographical scale. Greywing therefore have a wealth of genetic variability that may 'buffer' populations against environmental changes, responsible hunting and/or short-term demographic bottlenecks. They also appear to undergo sufficient migration so that recruitment from adjacent populations will ensure population stability in hunted areas
Contribution of bacteria to redox potential (Eh) measurements in sediments
No full textIncreasing evidence suggests that bacteria are capable of creating
specific redox conditions which are visible as species-specific
continuous redox potential (Eh) measurements. It has been demonstrated
that continuous measurements of Eh are valuable for tracking bacterial
metabolic activities of bacterial species in liquid cultures. However,
it remains uncertain whether this phenomenon is widespread among
bacterial species and whether Eh measurements reflect similar
mechanisms in more complex systems such as soils and sediments. The
purpose of this study is therefore to evaluate whether bacteria that
naturally occur in sediments have the capacity to control Eh and assess
the relative partitioning of biological processes involved in Eh in
natural sediments. To this end, continuous Eh measurements are linked
to growth of bacteria in liquid cultures and bacterial metabolic
activity in aquatic sediment microcosms containing the bioturbator
Tubifex spp., in which we evaluate bacterial partitioning in
microcosms treated with the bacteriocide formalin. The tested bacterial
species ( Micrococcus luteus , Paracoccus pantotrophus and
Aminobacter aminovarans ) appeared to have specific stable Eh signals
during linear-exponential growth phase, suggesting that these species
are capable of exerting an extracellular control on Eh measurements,
thereby supporting the notion that species-specific Eh signals may be
widespread among bacterial species. Formalin treatment reduced temporal
variability of Eh in sediment microcosms. This outcome suggests that
bacterial metabolism and inherent relative contributions of members of
bacterial community principally determine development of Eh in sediment
systems and that quantitation of sediment electrochemical properties
may offer a potential indicator that characterizes bacterial processes
Bibliographics for the 983 eprints in the live archives of E-LIS : trends and status report up to 7th July 2004, based on author-self-archiving metadata
No full textThe priority for ideas and philosophy related to "Network Theory" have been traced back and documented by Braun(2004),and credit goes to Karinthy(1929).The IT has empowered to realise it, as the most practical phenomena and it is no more a humour. The OAI (Open Archives Initiatives)and ACIS (Academic Contributor Information System)are progressive in the direction ,which may lead to realise the "Collective Genius" at global level. Focus of present study is on Author-Self-Archiving (A-S-A)Metadata of the 983 Eprints in the Live Archives of the E-LIS (EPrints of Library and Information Science),which were approved till 7th July 2004.The A-S-A Metadata was used for librametric analysis. Self-explanatory bibliographics are illustrated.The highlights include: Conference papers (34%); highest approval, June 2004 (28%); published archives (76%);not refereed (52%); not in public domain (60%); highest self-archiving-author (De Robbio, Antonella).The Nos. of EPrints having single JITA domain specifications were: Theoretical and general aspects of libraries and information(27); Information use and sociology of information(80);Users,literacy and reading(13);Libraries as physical collections(30);Publishing and legal issues(57);Management(13);Industry, profession and education(36);Information sources, supports, channels(113) ; Information treatment for information services, Information functions and techniques (101); Technical services libraries, archives and museums(25); Housing technologies(1); Information technology and library technology(92); and Inter-domainery (395) i.e. having specifications of two or more than two JITA classes
Immersion in water in labour and birth
No full textBackground
Enthusiasts suggest that labouring in water and waterbirth increase maternal relaxation, reduce analgesia requirements and promote a midwifery model of care. Sceptics cite the possibility of neonatal water inhalation and maternal/neonatal infection.
Objectives
To assess the evidence from randomised controlled trials about immersion in water during labour and waterbirth on maternal, fetal, neonatal and caregiver outcomes.
Search strategy
We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (October 2008).
Selection criteria
Randomised controlled trials comparing any bath tub/pool with no immersion during labour and/or birth.
Data collection and analysis
We assessed trial eligibility and quality and extracted data independently. One review author entered data and another checked for accuracy.
Main results
This review includes 11 trials (3146 women); eight related to the first stage of labour, one to the first and second stages, one to early versus late immersion in the first stage of labour, and another to the second stage. We identified no trials evaluating different baths/pools, or the management of third stage of labour.
Results for the first stage of labour showed there was a significant reduction in the epidural/spinal/paracervical analgesia/anaesthesia rate amongst women allocated to water immersion compared to controls (478/1254 versus 529/1245; odds ratio (OR) 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70 to 0.98, six trials). There was no difference in assisted vaginal deliveries (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.06, seven trials), caesarean sections (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.75, eight trials), perineal trauma or maternal infection.
There were no differences for Apgar score less than seven at five minutes (OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.63 to 4.01, five trials), neonatal unit admissions (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.62, three trials), or neonatal infection rates (OR 2.01, 95% CI 0.50 to 8.07, five trials). A lack of data for some comparisons prevented robust conclusions. Further research is needed.
Authors' conclusions
Evidence suggests that water immersion during the first stage of labour reduces the use of epidural/spinal analgesia. There is limited information for other outcomes related to water use during the first and second stages of labour, due to intervention and outcome variability. There is no evidence of increased adverse effects to the fetus/neonate or woman from labouring in water or waterbirth. The fact that use of water immersion in labour and birth is now a widely available care option for women threatens the feasibility of a large, multicentre randomised controlled trial
A theoretical and experimental program on human and animal behaviour
No full textIn 1985 the author proposed a theoretical taxonomy of behaviour functions that followed the interbehavioural field model developed by J. R. Kantor. The formulation of the taxonomy is an attempt to overcome logical, conceptual, and empirical limitations in prevailing behavioural approaches, especially operant theory. A molar analysis of behaviour is provided. In this paper, the author summarizes the main concepts and assumptions of this taxonomy, and describes some of the relevant methodological preparations and experimental data. The proposed interbehavioural field taxonomy (IF) consists of a classification of stimulus-response functions that describe the structural relations of a given behaviour segment. A behaviour segment consists of an organism interacting with stimulus objects and other organisms in a given setting. The behaviour segment contrasting with traditional conditioning framework includes categories with different logical functions. These categories are: (1) the interactive history, (2) the situational factors, (3) the medium of contact, (4) the field boundaries, and (5) the distinctions between object/organism, stimulus/response, and the stimulus-response function. Five general research programs are presented by the author: (1) basic research on animal behaviour, (2) complex human behaviour, (3) behavioural development processes, (4) extension to natural and social settings, (5) conceptual and theoretical analysis. Several experimental and theoretical developments are presented. � 2006 International Union of Psychological Science
Contribution of bacteria to redox potential (E h) measurements in sediments
No full textIncreasing evidence suggests that bacteria are capable of creating
specific redox conditions which are visible as species-specific
continuous redox potential (Eh) measurements. It has been demonstrated
that continuous measurements of Eh are valuable for tracking bacterial
metabolic activities of bacterial species in liquid cultures. However,
it remains uncertain whether this phenomenon is widespread among
bacterial species and whether Eh measurements reflect similar
mechanisms in more complex systems such as soils and sediments. The
purpose of this study is therefore to evaluate whether bacteria that
naturally occur in sediments have the capacity to control Eh and assess
the relative partitioning of biological processes involved in Eh in
natural sediments. To this end, continuous Eh measurements are linked
to growth of bacteria in liquid cultures and bacterial metabolic
activity in aquatic sediment microcosms containing the bioturbator
Tubifex spp., in which we evaluate bacterial partitioning in
microcosms treated with the bacteriocide formalin. The tested bacterial
species ( Micrococcus luteus , Paracoccus pantotrophus and
Aminobacter aminovarans ) appeared to have specific stable Eh signals
during linear-exponential growth phase, suggesting that these species
are capable of exerting an extracellular control on Eh measurements,
thereby supporting the notion that species-specific Eh signals may be
widespread among bacterial species. Formalin treatment reduced temporal
variability of Eh in sediment microcosms. This outcome suggests that
bacterial metabolism and inherent relative contributions of members of
bacterial community principally determine development of Eh in sediment
systems and that quantitation of sediment electrochemical properties
may offer a potential indicator that characterizes bacterial processes
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