1,109 research outputs found

    (10(1):35-40)SOYBEAN SPRAYING EXPERIMENT FOR RUST DISEASE CONTROL

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    本省大豆栽培事業年來由於農藝學者之研院及有關當局之倡導故栽培面積日趨廣大,為配合此項工作著者等曾於四十八年從事大豆病害調查,經獲悉若干病害甚為普遍流行,其中影響產量最大者,首推銹病,復據調查終果,目前在本省各地推廣之品種均遭感染,故於四十八年開始分別在花蓮屏東等地進行藥劑防治試驗,本試驗目的在於檢討供試藥劑之防病效果,適當撒藥時期及防治處理與大豆產量之影響。本試驗承蒙農復會惠予資助,使此項工作得能順利完成。本文先就花蓮區試驗結果作分析討論,試驗期中荷蒙花蓮區農業改良場許兩順先生鼎力協助,於此謹詰 謝忱。 Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora Pachyrhizi SYDOW is one of the destructive disease found throughout the growing areas. A spraying experiment for the disease control was conducted at Hwa Lien Experiment Station from 1959 to 1960 including three crops of soybean i.e. fall, spring and summer. The purpose of the experiment is to determine the possible control with fungicides and their effectiveness as well as the timing of spray. The fungicides used for this experiment were Ditliane M-22, Dithane Z-78, Dithane Z-78 plus Wettable sulfur, 0-3818-B and Bordeaux, mixture which were applied at 7 days interval. A total of 5 applications of each testing fungicides were taken during the growing period. The first application varied differently wih the number of days after plantihg; they werethe 28th, 35th, 42th, and 49th respectively . Evidences indi - cated that the disease was well checked by either one of the fungidide which has been tested. The profitable time of the first spraying to control rust disease depended upon different crop of soybean. For protection of the spring crop, the first spraying should be initiated at the 35th day, but it is advisable to initiate the spraying program at the 49th day for both summer and fall crops. Yields of the crop were prominently increased except the fall crop which was insigniflcant because the weather was the limitting factor upon yields. Among the testing fungicides, Dithane M-22 showed best effect to control rust disease while Dithane Z-78, Dithane Z-78 plus Wettable sulfur, Bordeaux mixture came next in order. 0-3818-B a new fungicide produced by Rohm & Haas Co., at the rate of 200 grams per 100 liters has its advantage of rust control, but it produced chemical injuries to the leaves after application. The phytotoxicity tended more serious as the rate of the chemical increased. For the best control soybean rust, it is suggested to apply either Dithane M-22 or Dithane Z-78 at the rate of 300 grams per 100 liters of water

    Modeling the Evolution of the Wax Lake Delta in Atchafalaya Bay, Louisiana

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    In this study, a process-based, depth-averaged Delft3D hydrodynamic and morphologic model of the Wax Lake Delta in Atchafalaya Bay, Louisiana was developed to simulate a five year period of delta development. The purpose of this modeling effort was to test the ability of process-based modeling tools to successfully simulate typical delta-building processes and the resulting morphologic and stratigraphic characteristics of the delta. Recent developments in conceptual modeling of mouth bar formation and full delta development have confirmed the capability of process-based models to simulate the processes necessary for delta growth and the resulting long-term, geologic scale morphologic and stratigraphic features. In this attempt to model the actual development of a prototype delta using similar techniques to those employed in the conceptual delta models, the applicability of physics-based modeling to delta evolution simulation will be further validated. Morphology qualitatively reproduced typical river-dominant delta growth through the establishment of new depositional lobes while maintaining approximate radial symmetry. More specific stratigraphic features were also reproduced. The successive stacking of coarsening upwards sequences observed in Wax Lake Delta mouth bar deposits was evident in the stratigraphy of modeled incipient jet deposits, a result of the varying discharge regime. Though incipient jet deposits developed in the model at the distal ends of distributary channels, the prograding bars did not aggrade sufficiently to induce flow bifurcation and the development of a mature mouth bar depositional lobe. The overall coarsening-upwards, though sand dominant stratigraphic sequence of typical friction-dominant river mouth deposits is reproduced. Significant mud-dominant prodelta deposition is observed basinward of the original delta front location. In the prototype Wax Lake Delta, deposition of fine sediments in this area is hindered by waves and wind-induced transport, so the modeled mud depositional bodies do not reflect prototype development. Distributary channels are significantly incised and narrowed over the course of the simulation. The narrowing proceeds from significant sand-dominant subaqueous levee deposition on the channel banks. Though distributary channels in the real Wax Lake Delta do frequently incise through the full deltaic sedimentary sequence with channel extension, the modeled incision is persistent throughout the simulation. Upstream accretion of established delta lobes through sand-deposition, similar to the observed primary process of subaerial development in the neighboring Atchafalaya Delta, was also present in the modeled development. The Wax Lake Delta is clearly river-dominant according to traditional classification schemes; however, the deposition of fine sediments is influenced by basin processes that resuspend and export significant quantities from Atchafalaya Bay. The processes contributing to the coarse sediment depositional features that dominate the Wax Lake Delta are qualitatively simulated under purely riverine forcings, but the fine sediment dynamics cannot be accurately simulated in the present, process-limited model. Recommendations for improving morphological simulation include model redevelopment with an alternative, total load transport formulation and the inclusion of limited marine forcings that inhibit fine-sediment deposition.CoMEM - Coastal and Marine Engineering and ManagementSection Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience

    ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚĆ INWESTORA WOBEC PODWYKONAWCÓW (ART. 6471 § 5 K.C.)

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    The Liability of an Investor to a Subcontractor (Art. 6471 § 5 k.c.)SummaryThe article answers a question w hether an investor in case of a contract for construction works will be liable to a subcontractor also when he paid the latter all dues (including the rem uneration). These doubts are grounded in the form ulation of art. 6471 § 5 of the Polish Civil Code, according to which the party concluding a contract with thesubcontractor and the investor as well as the performer bear a joint andseveral liability for the payment of remuneration due to the subcontractor for the performed construction works. Taking into consideration a linguistic interpretation of the provision, as presented in the doctrine, it should be considered that the investor’s payment of the remuneration for the work performed by the subcontractor is permissible. Nevertheless, the author takes a different position based on the functional interpretation and interpretation referring to the whole system of the civil law. </jats:p

    ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚĆ INWESTORA WOBEC PODWYKONAWCÓW (ART. 6471 § 5 K.C.)

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    The Liability of an Investor to a Subcontractor (Art. 6471 § 5 k.c.)SummaryThe article answers a question w hether an investor in case of a contract for construction works will be liable to a subcontractor also when he paid the latter all dues (including the rem uneration). These doubts are grounded in the form ulation of art. 6471 § 5 of the Polish Civil Code, according to which the party concluding a contract with thesubcontractor and the investor as well as the performer bear a joint andseveral liability for the payment of remuneration due to the subcontractor for the performed construction works. Taking into consideration a linguistic interpretation of the provision, as presented in the doctrine, it should be considered that the investor’s payment of the remuneration for the work performed by the subcontractor is permissible. Nevertheless, the author takes a different position based on the functional interpretation and interpretation referring to the whole system of the civil law.
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