1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Das EBNA1-Protein des Epstein-Barr Virus: Genetische und funktionelle Analyse
Get PDFDas Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infiziert primäre humane B-Zellen und kann deren unbegrenzte Proliferation induzieren. Dieser Prozess der Wachstumstransformation von B–Zellen ist ein Modellsystem, das die pathogenen Mechanismen bei der Tumorentstehung widerspiegelt. Das Epstein-Barr Virus nukleäre Antigen 1 (EBNA1) wurde als essentiell für den Prozess der Wachstumstransformation primärer humaner B-Lymphozyten beschrieben, weil es an der latenten Replikation über den viralen Replikations-Ursprung oriP, der extrachromosomalen Erhaltung des Virus-Episoms und der transkriptionellen Trans-aktivierung der latenten Gene beteiligt ist (Rickinson und Kieff, 2001). Dieses Postulat wurde nie experimentell untersucht, da die genetische Analyse mit den bisherigen Methoden nicht möglich war. Das Maxi-EBV-System macht das Genom von EBV einer genetischen Manipulation zugänglich und erlaubt auch die Herstellung von Viren, denen essentielle Gene fehlen (Delecluse et al., 1998).
Ein Ziel meiner Doktorarbeit war die Herstellung und Analyse eines EBNA1-negativen Virus. Entgegen der Lehrmeinung war es mit EBNA1-negativem Maxi-EBV möglich, wachstums-transformierte Zellklone nach Infektion von primären humanen B-Lymphozyten zu etablieren. Das virale Genom war in sämtlichen erhaltenen lymphoblastoiden Zelllinien so integriert, dass alle untersuchten latenten EBV-Proteine exprimiert wurden. Meine Ergebnisse zeigen eindeutig, dass EBNA1 prinzipiell für die Wachstumstransformation entbehrlich ist. Mit EBNA1-positiven Viren werden die primären B-Zellen jedoch mindestens um den Faktor 10.000 besser wachstumstransformiert. Da EBNA1 den episomalen Status des Virusgenoms vermittelt, scheint die Etablierung des EBV-Genoms in infizierten Zellen der limitierende Schritt zu sein. Auch in vivo im SCID-Maus-Modell erwies sich EBNA1 als entbehrlich für die Tumorbildung, womit es nicht als essentielles Onkogen von EBV betrachtet werden kann.
Ein weiterer im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit untersuchter Aspekt war die Frage, ob EBNA1 für die extrachromosomale Erhaltung und Replikation des EBV-Episoms durch heterologe Genprodukte ersetzt werden kann. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Fusionsproteine aus der DNA-Bindedomäne von EBNA1 mit den zellulären Proteinen Histon H1 bzw. HMG-I (Mitglied der hoch mobilen Protein-Gruppe) hergestellt. Ich konnte zeigen, dass HMG-I:EBNA1- und H1:EBNA1-Fusionsproteine in der Lage sind, kleine oriP-enthaltende Plasmide und Maxi-EBVs episomal zu erhalten und die zelluläre Replikations-Maschinerie zu rekrutieren. Zusätzlich dazu unterstützen die Fusionsproteine im EBNA1-negativen Maxi-EBV die Produktion infektiöser Viren.
Für ein konditional regulierbares Vektorsystem wurden Fusionsproteine aus der EBNA1-Transaktivierungsdomäne und der DNA-Bindedomäne des Tet-Repressors (TetR) hergestellt. Diese Proteine sollten mit Tet-Operator-Sequenzen (TetO, TetR-Bindemotiv) interagieren, die multimerisiert auf oriP-basierte Vektoren kloniert wurden. Dadurch sollte die Erhaltung der oriP-basierten Vektoren in der Zelle konditional regulierbar gestaltet werden. Es gelang in dieser Doktorarbeit zum ersten Mal ein System zu etablieren, mit dem Plasmide episomal erhalten werden und bei Zugabe von Doxyzyklin konditional regulierbar verloren gehen.
Dieses erstmals realisierte konditional regulierbare Vektorsystem schafft neue Wege, die virale und zelluläre Replikation genauer zu untersuchen. Außerdem öffnen sich Möglichkeiten für eine sicherere Gentherapie, da die viralen Anteile auf ein Minimum reduziert werden können. Mit einem solchen System könnten EBV-Genvektoren in B-Zellen eingeführt werden und nach Expression des auf dem Vektor kodierten, therapeutischen Gens könnte die Genfähre durch Tetrazyklin-Applikation wieder aus dem Patienten entfernt werden
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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