135 research outputs found
Fieldwork notes by Humaira Shafi in Pakistan
No full textHumaira Shafi, Ph.D. in Gender Studies and Law, School of Political Science and International Studies, University of Queensland Women's material empowerment through claiming their property rights always comes with a heavy price i.e. loss of family support (by family support- I mean women’s natal family). It also comes with community sanction. There is a general trend of not recognizing the validity of women’s claim over her ancestral property by community. The perception is that if she ..
Pioneers of Library Movement in Pakistan
Get PDFThe paper aims to describe in brief the contribution of seven leaders of Pakistan librarianship, viz. K.B. Khalifa M. Asadullah, Prof. Dr. Abdul Moid, Dr. Abdus Subuh Qasimi, Muhammad Shafi, Fazal Elahi, Khawaja Nur Elahi and S. V. Hussain. The early library developments are given for better understanding of the role of these leaders
Investigating topics and style in Vuta N`Kuvute by Shafi Adam Shafi
Get PDFIn the last decades many literary critics have appraised the works of Zanzibarian writers; referring to the prose of Mohamed Suleiman Mohamed, Said Ahmed Mohamed and Shafi Adam Shafi, M M. Mulokozi wrote in 1985: \"The most significant, and certainly most spectacular, development in the Swahili fiction of the Seventies and Eighties has been the emergence of Zanzibar as the producer of the best Swahili fiction to date, and the apparent torch bearer for the Kiswahili novel of the near future\" (Arnold 1985: 174). The same enthusiasm was shared by R. Ohly who, confronting the novels written by Zanzibarian writers and those by Tanzanian and Kenyan writers in a time span going from 1975 to 1981, has defined the Zanzibarian prose a challenge to the artistic competence of other Swahili writers (cf. Ohly 1990).
Although I found the comparative pattern used by Ohly debatable, having concentrated for the up-country literary production only on popular short novels - to be better evaluated not following negative, contrastive cliches but within the context of that particular trend -, obscuring moreover other talented writers like Euphrase Kezilahabi or Claude Mung`ong`o, his criticism has nevertheless the merit of having highlighted the main qualities of Zanzibarian novels, namely a deep interest for historical and social matters, along with an extremely rich and colourful language and a serious concern for stylistic features. These attributes of Zanzibarian literary style fit very well to the last novel by Shafi Adam Shafi, Vuta n`kuvute, published in 1999; in the following pages my aim is to explore the way the author of this work artistically manipulates themes, literary suggestions and stylistic devices, re-elaborating thus the experience of Kiswahili and Zanzibarian prose in a creative way
E-government adoption in Qatar: An investigation of the citizens' perspective
No full textElectronic government (e-government) initiatives are in their early stages in many developing countries and faced
with various issues pertaining to their implementation, adoption and diffusion. Like many other developing
countries, the e-government initiative in the state of Qatar has faced a number of challenges since its inception in
2000. Using a survey based study this paper describes citizens‟ behavioural intention and adoption in terms of
applying and utilising the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of technology (UTAUT) model to explore the
adoption and diffusion of e-government services in the state of Qatar. A regression analysis was conducted to
examine the influence of e-government adoption factors and the empirical data revealed that performance
expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influences determine citizens‟ behavioural intention towards e-government.
Moreover, facilitating conditions and behavioural intention were found to determine citizens‟ use of e-government
services in the state of Qatar. Implications for practice and research are discussed
Novel compositional engineering for ~26% efficient CZTS-perovskite tandem solar cell
No full text[EN] The production and commercialization of solar cells should meet such social criteria as price affordability, environment friendly, stability, and high efficiency of established materials.Various solar cells have been suggested and investigated in the past; but in this work, CZTS-Pemvskite tandem solar cell having a model "CZTS/PSC/CZTS/ZnO/FTO" was taken from the reported work as a reference. Furthermore, inserting the CdS as a buffer layer with the new model, "CZTS/ PSC/CZTS/CdS/ZnO/FTO" was simulated with SCAPS-1D software. Moreover, it was observed that the effect of CdS enhanced the tandem device efficiency from the base case of 22.57% without the CdS buffer layer to 25.95% with CdS and carried out further optimizations. This improvement is beneficial for CZTS-Perovskite tandem solar cells. The J-V characteristics curve and energy band diagram was generated using this model. Later on, with this new model, the effect of the thickness of CZTS layer on the solar cell's performance was investigated. So, the thickness also significantly affected the characteristic parameters of the solar cell as well as the J-V characteristics curve. Hence, a photo-conversion efficiency of 25.95% with Voc 1.18 V, Jsc 24.79 mA/cm(2) and FF 88.36%, the obtained results demonstrating that the proposed CZTS-perovskite tandem solar cell may concrete the way for the production of low-cost and more efficient photovoltaic applications.The work was supported by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, International Research Support Initiative Program (IRSIP) under grant No: 1-8/HEC/HRD/2020/10744 PIN: IRSIP 45 Engg 17. Author Amal Bouich acknowledged the Post-doctoral contract supported by the, RRHH, Postdoctoral contract the Margarita Salas financed with union European Next Generation EU. Author Shafi Ullah acknowledged the post-doctoral contract supported by the, RRHH, postdoctoral contract (PAID-10-20) , and Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Grant Number PID2019-107137RB-C21) , Universitat Politecnica de Vale`ncia (UPV) Spain.Aamir Shafi, M.; Khan, L.; Ullah, S.; Shafi, MY.; Bouich, A.; Ullah, H.; Marí, B. (2022). Novel compositional engineering for ~26% efficient CZTS-perovskite tandem solar cell. Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics. 253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2022.168568S25
The Road to Treatment: Compulsory Licensing Under the TRIPS Agreement, a Dispute Between the Nations
No full textThe Road to Treatment: Compulsory Licensing Under the TRIPS Agreement, a Dispute Between the Nations
Adnan Shafi*
ABSTRACT
“Health is wealth . The most important thing in the person’s life is its health. But what happens if the person does not have access to the life-saving medicines? These life-saving medicines come into existence after lots of Research and Development. Generally, these Research and Development incur millions of dollars which ultimately makes those medicines very expensive. Thus, making it impossible for the poor people to have access to such medicines. On the other hand, in the relative emergencies the developing countries issue the compulsory licenses in order to help the poor people with the life-saving medicines. Such an act creates a lot of tension between the developing and the developed nations. The question remains how to help the poor to have access to such life-saving medicines without causing losses to the pharmaceutical companies?
This article provides a solution to the existing problem of compulsory licenses in pharmaceuticals. The aim of the article is to save the human lives by making the life-saving medicines accessible especially to the poor people. However, it also focusses on saving the pharmaceutical companies from incurring losses. The article tries to balance the needs of both the developing and the developed nations. It tries to bridge the gap between both these nations by incorporating amendments in the TRIPS agreement. The aim of the article is to solve the inconsistencies with the current provision of the TRIPS which has resulted in chaos among the developing and the developed nations. This articles enables to understand the problems in the present scenario regarding the compulsory licenses in pharmaceuticals and hence offers a solution to help things function smoothly between these nations. The article consists of seven proposals which aim to solve the irregularities in the current provision. These proposals have the ability to resolve the dispute between the developing and the developed nations by addressing the common interests in them.
© Adnan Shafi
* LLM, IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. The author would like to thank Edward Lee, Patrick Goold, Greg Reilly, Sungjoon Cho, Kshitij Kumar, Cynthia M. Ho. The article benefited from Intellectual Property class that I took while pursuing my L.L.B from Amity University and also the Patent Law class that I took during my LLM at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. All errors are the responsibility of the author. Comments are welcome and to be sent to [email protected]
Pakistani Muslim Women’s Property Rights: A Choice between Material Empowerment and Familial Security?
No full textPakistani Muslim Women’s Property Rights: A Choice between Material Empowerment and Familial Security?
No full textKontribusi imam al-nawawi dalam pengembangan madhhab shafi?i
No full textIn the history of Sha> fi'i>?s madhhab, the figure of Imam
al-Nawa> wi> has a very significant role. The results of his ijtiha>d is
always used as a Sha>fi`iyah scholar reference, even when the
scholars differed in opinions, then his idea regarded as "the end" of
that difference dispute. This paper, intended to explore why the
figure of al-Nawa> wi> have such a privileged position in the
madhhab Sha> fi'i>. Through the historical approach, the author have
found the answer to that. First, al-Nawa> wi> is seen as a unifier Sha>
fi'i>?s madhhab. In his hands, two school of Sha>fi?i> madhhab,
Khurasan and Iraq can be reconciled. Second, Al-Nawa> wi> have
managed to put the principles tarji>h}, to select the strongest opinion
from a variety of opinion among al-Sha> fi'i>?s madhhab. Therefore,
al-Nawa>wi> is known as the al-mujtahid al-murajjih} or mujtahid
al-tarji>h, the mujtahid who are not just memorize the ijtiha>d of
Imam al-Sha>fi?i>, but know the sources of Imam al-Shafi?i?s opinion,
able to describe and explain his opinion, make an analogy (qiya>s)
related to his opinion in problem solving, even select a strong
opinion among opinions that exist
Pneumoperitoneum during treatment of abdominal tuberculosis in a Non-HIV patient: Natural progression or paradoxical worsening?
No full textParadoxical reactions during tuberculosis (TB) treatment are well-described in the HIV seropositive population but less so in the HIV seronegative group. Abdominal TB rarely presents as spontaneous perforation; cases occurring during anti-TB therapy are even rarer. We describe the clinical progress of a case of an HIV-negative patient who developed acute peritonitis while on anti-TB treatment for peritoneal TB through a series of clinical, radiological and histological images. Visceral perforation can occur as a complication of TB treatment. A high index of suspicion with early surgical intervention is crucial in the management of such cases
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