1,720,956 research outputs found
Nanoscale Materials and Deformable Device Designs for Bioinspired and Biointegrated Electronics
No full textElectronic devices whose structural and functional features are inspired by living creatures have unique performance and unconventional features that are not found in conventional electronic devices. In addition to such bioinspired electronics, with the rise of new fields such as personalized healthcare, mobile electronics, and big-data analysis, biointegrated electronic devices that can collect biomedical information from the human body through various biosensors and deliver appropriate therapeutic feedback stimulations in real time on the spot where immediate treatment is needed have become important. Because body parts and internal organs of living creatures, including humans, have curvilinear shapes and comprise mechanically soft tissues, such bioinspired and biointegrated electronic devices are required to match the soft and deformable features of biological tissues. Such soft and deformable features of electronic devices can be achieved by employing flexible and stretchable materials and unconventional device design techniques. These soft materials and deformable device designs dissipate stress originating from mechanical deformation of the device and thus retard crack generation and/or propagation in the device. Recently, technologies for nanoscale materials have shown a significant level of progress on their material performance and processing technologies. The nanoscale dimension of the electronic materials could achieve extremely small flexural rigidity in comparison to the bulk state of the same materials. Furthermore, techniques to form a well-percolated network of nanomaterials in the elastomeric matrix and to build a pathway for the facile electron and hole transport inside the polymer have induced dramatic performance advances of soft electronic materials, which led to nanocomposites that can accomplish both high mechanical deformability and high electrical performance at the same time. In addition, deformable device designs such as buckled structures and serpentine designs enhance the flexibility and stretchability of the device further. Because of their soft and deformable nature, bioinspired and biointegrated electronic devices could achieve device structures inspired by living creatures and make conformal contact to the target tissue for high-quality measurement of biological signals and real-time feedback treatments. Herein, we introduce recent advances in nanoscale materials and deformable device designs for bioinspired and biointegrated electronics. First, materials with various geometries (e.g., one-dimensional (1D) nanowires and nanotubes, two-dimensional (2D) nanomembranes and nanoflakes, and three-dimensional (3D) networks of nanomaterials in polymers) are reviewed in terms of their deformable nature. Then, the representative device design strategies required for achieving a soft and deformable form factor (e.g., buckling method, serpentine design, and kirigami technique) are reviewed. Examples of such state-of-the-art electronic devices are then presented, after which representative system-level applications, including electronic eyes, electronic skin, an electronic ear, wearable electronics, and implantable electronics, are described. Finally, we present a brief future outlook for the field of bioinspired and biointegrated electronics.N
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Recent advances in soft electronic materials for intrinsically stretchable optoelectronic systems
No full textIn recent years, significant progress has been achieved in the design and fabrication of stretchable optoelectronic devices. In general, stretchability has been achieved through geometrical modifications of device components, such as with serpentine interconnects or buckled substrates. However, the local stiffness of individual pixels and the limited pixel density of the array have impeded further advancements in stretchable optoelectronics. Therefore, intrinsically stretchable optoelectronics have been proposed as an alternative approach. Herein, we review the recent advances in soft electronic materials for application in intrinsically stretchable optoelectronic devices. First, we introduce various intrinsically stretchable electronic materials, comprised of electronic fillers, elastomers, and surfactants, and exemplify different intrinsically stretchable conducting and semiconducting composites. We also describe the processing methods used to fabricate the electrodes, interconnections, charge transport layers, and optically active layers used in intrinsically stretchable optoelectronic devices. Subsequently, we review representative examples of intrinsically stretchable optoelectronic devices, including light-emitting capacitors, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and photovoltaics. Finally, we briefly discuss intrinsically stretchable integrated optoelectronic systems.11Nsciescopu
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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