9 research outputs found
Effect and Improvement Areas for Port State Control Inspections to Decrease the Probability of Casualty
No full textThis report is the fourth part of a PhD project called "The Econometrics of Maritime Safety – Recommendations to Enhance Safety at Sea" and is based on 183,000 port state control inspections and 11,700 casualties from various data sources. Its overall objective is to provide recommendations to improve safety at sea. The fourth part looks into measuring the effect of inspections on the probability of casualty on either seriousness or casualty first event to show the differences across the regimes. It further gives a link of casualties that were found during inspections with either the seriousness of casualties and casualty first events which reveals three areas of improvement possibilities to potentially decrease the probability of a casualty – the ISM code, machinery and equipment and ship and cargo operations.maritime safety;correspondence analysis;binary logistic regression;probability of casualty;improvement;Port State Control Effectiveness;casualty first events;detention;port state control deficiences;target factor
Influence of Mild Bottom Slopes on the Overtopping Flow over Mound Breakwaters under Depth-Limited Breaking Wave Conditions
No full text[EN] The crest elevation of mound breakwaters is usually designed considering a tolerable mean wave overtopping discharge. However, pedestrian safety, characterized by the overtopping layer thickness (OLT) and the overtopping flow velocity (OFV), is becoming more relevant due to the reduction of the crest freeboards of coastal structures. Studies in the literature focusing on OLT and OFV do not consider the bottom slope effect, even if it has a remarkable impact on mound breakwater design under depth-limited breaking wave conditions. Therefore, this research focuses on the influence of the bottom slope on OLT and OFV exceeded by 2% of incoming waves, hc,2% and uc,2%. A total of 235 2D physical tests were conducted on conventional mound breakwaters with a single-layer Cubipod® and double-layer rock and cube armors with 2% and 4% bottom slopes. Neural networks were used to determine the optimum point to estimate wave characteristics for hc,2% and uc,2% calculation; that point was located at a distance from the model toe of three times the water depth at the toe (hs) of the structure. The influence of the bottom slope is studied using trained neural networks with fixed wave conditions in the wave generation zone; hc,2% slightly decreases and uc,2% increases as the gradient of the bottom slope increases.This research was funded by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under grant BIA2015-70436-R and RTI2018-101073-B-I00. The first author was also financially supported by the Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte through the FPU program (Formacion de Profesorado Universitario) under grant FPU16/05081.Mares-Nasarre, P.; Gómez-Martín, ME.; Medina, JR. (2020). Influence of Mild Bottom Slopes on the Overtopping Flow over Mound Breakwaters under Depth-Limited Breaking Wave Conditions. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 8(1):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8010003S11681www.overtopping-manual.comMolines, J., & Medina, J. R. (2016). Explicit Wave-Overtopping Formula for Mound Breakwaters with Crown Walls Using CLASH Neural Network–Derived Data. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 142(3), 04015024. doi:10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000322Nørgaard, J. Q. H., Lykke Andersen, T., & Burcharth, H. F. (2014). Distribution of individual wave overtopping volumes in shallow water wave conditions. Coastal Engineering, 83, 15-23. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.09.003Molines, J., Herrera, M. P., Gómez-Martín, M. E., & Medina, J. R. (2019). Distribution of individual wave overtopping volumes on mound breakwaters. Coastal Engineering, 149, 15-27. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2019.03.006Mares-Nasarre, P., Argente, G., Gómez-Martín, M. E., & Medina, J. R. (2019). Overtopping layer thickness and overtopping flow velocity on mound breakwaters. Coastal Engineering, 154, 103561. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2019.103561Herrera, M. P., Gómez-Martín, M. E., & Medina, J. R. (2017). Hydraulic stability of rock armors in breaking wave conditions. Coastal Engineering, 127, 55-67. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.06.010Van Gent, M. R. A. (2003). WAVE OVERTOPPING EVENTS AT DIKES. Coastal Engineering 2002. doi:10.1142/9789812791306_0185Schüttrumpf, H., Möller, J., & Oumeraci, H. (2003). OVERTOPPING FLOW PARAMETERS ON THE INNER SLOPE OF SEADIKES. Coastal Engineering 2002. doi:10.1142/9789812791306_0178Gent, M. R. A. van. (2001). Wave Runup on Dikes with Shallow Foreshores. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 127(5), 254-262. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-950x(2001)127:5(254)Van der Meer, J. W., Hardeman, B., Steendam, G. J., Schuttrumpf, H., & Verheij, H. (2011). FLOW DEPTHS AND VELOCITIES AT CREST AND LANDWARD SLOPE OF A DIKE, IN THEORY AND WITH THE WAVE OVERTOPPING SIMULATOR. Coastal Engineering Proceedings, 1(32), 10. doi:10.9753/icce.v32.structures.10Lorke, S., Scheres, B., Schüttrumpf, H., Bornschein, A., & Pohl, R. (2012). PHYSICAL MODEL TESTS ON WAVE OVERTOPPING AND FLOW PROCESSES ON DIKE CRESTS INFLUENCED BY WAVE-CURRENT INTERACTION. Coastal Engineering Proceedings, 1(33), 34. doi:10.9753/icce.v33.waves.34Herrera, M. P., & Medina, J. R. (2015). Toe berm design for very shallow waters on steep sea bottoms. Coastal Engineering, 103, 67-77. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.06.005Gómez-Martín, M. E., & Medina, J. R. (2014). Heterogeneous Packing and Hydraulic Stability of Cube and Cubipod Armor Units. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 140(1), 100-108. doi:10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000223Argente, G., Gómez-Martín, M., & Medina, J. (2018). Hydraulic Stability of the Armor Layer of Overtopped Breakwaters. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 6(4), 143. doi:10.3390/jmse6040143Gómez-Martín, M., Herrera, M., Gonzalez-Escriva, J., & Medina, J. (2018). Cubipod® Armor Design in Depth-Limited Regular Wave-Breaking Conditions. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 6(4), 150. doi:10.3390/jmse6040150Battjes, J. A., & Groenendijk, H. W. (2000). Wave height distributions on shallow foreshores. Coastal Engineering, 40(3), 161-182. doi:10.1016/s0378-3839(00)00007-7Victor, L., van der Meer, J. W., & Troch, P. (2012). Probability distribution of individual wave overtopping volumes for smooth impermeable steep slopes with low crest freeboards. Coastal Engineering, 64, 87-101. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.003Verhagen, H. J., van Vledder, G., & Arab, S. E. (2009). A PRACTICAL METHOD FOR DESIGN OF COASTAL STRUCTURES IN SHALLOW WATER. Coastal Engineering 2008. doi:10.1142/9789814277426_0241Van Gent, M. R. A., van den Boogaard, H. F. P., Pozueta, B., & Medina, J. R. (2007). Neural network modelling of wave overtopping at coastal structures. Coastal Engineering, 54(8), 586-593. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2006.12.001Molines, J., Herrera, M. P., & Medina, J. R. (2018). Estimations of wave forces on crown walls based on wave overtopping rates. Coastal Engineering, 132, 50-62. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.11.00
Is immunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in endometrial carcinoma superior to the radioligand binding assay?
No full textThe dynamic organization of fungal acetyl-CoA carboxylase
No full textAcetyl-CoA carboxylases (ACCs) catalyse the committed step in fatty-acid biosynthesis: the ATP-dependent carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. They are important regulatory hubs for metabolic control and relevant drug targets for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome and cancer. Eukaryotic ACCs are single-chain multienzymes characterized by a large, non-catalytic central domain (CD), whose role in ACC regulation remains poorly characterized. Here we report the crystal structure of the yeast ACC CD, revealing a unique four-domain organization. A regulatory loop, which is phosphorylated at the key functional phosphorylation site of fungal ACC, wedges into a crevice between two domains of CD. Combining the yeast CD structure with intermediate and low-resolution data of larger fragments up to intact ACCs provides a comprehensive characterization of the dynamic fungal ACC architecture. In contrast to related carboxylases, large-scale conformational changes are required for substrate turnover, and are mediated by the CD under phosphorylation control
Interplay Between Cell Growth And Cell Cycle In Plants
No full textThe growth of organs and whole plants depends on both cell growth and cell-cycle progression, but the interaction between both processes is poorly understood. In plants, the balance between growth and cell-cycle progression requires coordinated regulation of four different processes: macromolecular synthesis (cytoplasmic growth), turgor-driven cell-wall extension, mitotic cycle, and endocycle. Potential feedbacks between these processes include a cell-size checkpoint operating before DNA synthesis and a link between DNA contents and maximum cell size. In addition, key intercellular signals and growth regulatory genes appear to target at the same time cell-cycle and cell-growth functions. For example, auxin, gibberellin, and brassinosteroid all have parallel links to cell-cycle progression (through S-phase Cyclin D-CDK and the anaphase-promoting complex) and cell-wall functions (through cell-wall extensibility or microtubule dynamics). Another intercellular signal mediated by microtubule dynamics is the mechanical stress caused by growth of interconnected cells. Superimposed on developmental controls, sugar signalling through the TOR pathway has recently emerged as a central control point linking cytoplasmic growth, cell-cycle and cell-wall functions. 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Free Town Libraries, their Formation, Management, and History ; in Britain, France, Germany and America. ; Together with brief Notices of Book-collectors, and of the respective Places of Deposit of their surviving Collections
No full text« Document numérisé pour l\u27ENSSIB » - L\u27auteur de ce document, Edward Edwards, fut l\u27un des instigateurs et défenseurs des " Free Town Libraries " (bibliothèques municipales publiques) en Grande-Bretagne au milieu du XIXe siècle. Son ouvrage s\u27inscrit dans un contexte historique important pour le pays, faisant suite aux " Libraries Acts " de 1850, instaurant les bibliothèques publiques dans les villes anglaises. Edwards fut d\u27ailleurs le premier bibliothécaire de la bibliothèque publique de Manchester. L\u27objectif de son livre est de servir de manuel quant à l\u27organisation de ce type de bibliothèque et de promouvoir celui-ci plus largement. Dans un second temps, il vise à comparer les différents systèmes mis en place dans quelques pays étrangers, spécialement la France, l\u27Allemagne et les États-Unis. Composé de quatre livres, l\u27ouvrage offre une étude comparative des diverses expériences menées et s\u27appuie sur les textes législatifs, notamment en ce qui concerne la Grande-Bretagne. Cette oeuvre est fondamentale pour l\u27historien s\u27intéressant au développement des bibliothèques publiques au XIXe siècle. Elle est complétée par de précieuses notices sur les grands collectionneurs européens et américains (qui forment le quatrième livre)
Umsetzung der MRSA-Empfehlung der Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention beim Robert Koch-Institut - Kommentar der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Krankenhaushygiene
No full textIn Germany, recommendations on dealing with patients who are colonised with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) for the inpatient sector have been published in 1999 by the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO). Some challenges arise with regard to the practical implementation of the KRINKO recommendations. These challenges do not principally question the benefit of the recommendations but have come into criticism from users. In this commentary the German Society for Hospital Hygiene (DGKH) discusses some controversial issues and adds suggestions for unresolved problems regarding the infection control management of MRSA in healthcare settings.In Deutschland wurde 1999 von der Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention beim Robert Koch-Institut (KRINKO) die 'Empfehlung zur Prävention und Kontrolle von Methicillin-resistenten Staphylococcus aureus -Stämmen (MRSA) in Krankenhäusern und anderen medizinischen Einrichtungen' publiziert. Die praktische Umsetzung dieser Empfehlung stellt das gesamte Behandlungsteam vor erhebliche Herausforderungen. Die mit der Umsetzung verbundenen Probleme stellen den Nutzen der Empfehlung nicht prinzipiell infrage, führen aber zu anhaltender Kritik von Seiten einiger Anwender. In diesem Kommentar thematisiert die Deutschen Gesellschaft für Krankenhaushygiene einige kontroverse Themen der MRSA-Empfehlung und ergänzt Vorschläge zur praktischen Umsetzung
Intentional inhibition of actions in humans
No full textA crucial component of human behavioural flexibility is the capacity to inhibit actions at the last moment before action execution. This behavioural inhibition is often not an immediate reaction to external stimuli, but rather an endogenous ‘free’ decision. Knowledge about such ‘intentional inhibition’ is currently limited, with most research focused on stimulus-driven inhibition. This thesis will examine intentional inhibition, using several different experimental approaches. The behavioural experiments reported in the initial chapters found that intentional inhibition directly alters sensory processing during decision-making. In addition, there were unique effects of prior event sequences on subsequent decisions to either act or inhibit. Brain imaging methods using EEG and fMRI showed distinct neural mechanisms associated with intentional inhibition, which did not apply to rule-based inhibition. Work with Tourette syndrome patients indicated that the intentional inhibition of involuntary motor tics affects brain activity associated with voluntary actions. Furthermore, attentional manipulation strategies were shown to be highly effective in reducing tics, which may open up alternative behavioural treatment approaches for tic disorders. This thesis concludes by demonstrating that intentional inhibition is a bona fide cognitive function worth studying. It also develops a cognitive model in which behavioural inhibition varies along a continuum from ‘instructed inhibition’ to ‘intentional inhibition’. This model may be useful as a guide for future work
Actualización de los conceptos asociados con la regeneración celular en plantas
No full text87 p. CdIn a special edition of Science “what we don’t know?” dedicated to the 25 most important questions that scientists of all disciplines faced at the time, one of them was: “How does a single somatic cell from an adult plant?” the answer can be found in the theory of plant totipotency. This theory established that any somatic cell has the ability to regenerate into an adult plant. in contrast to this wildly accepted concept, recent research on plant regeneration has reported that: (i) cells that regenerate from an injured tissue don’t seem to have gone through dedifferentiation (ii) Callus are an organized and differentiated tissue, (iii) Callus don’t form from any type of somatic cell but predominantly, from a specific group of specialized adult stem cells. These results indicate that our view of plant regeneration needs a critical reanalysis.
That is why there’s a need for a thorough review that allows the synthesis of the latest concepts related to plant regeneration, which could help give answers to fundamental questions of developmental plant biology.
After an exhaustive review of the publications made in the last 18 years, it is possible to conclude that not all somatic cells are totipotent and that most of the process of regeneration on plants are carried away by meristematic stem cells and by a group of non-meristematic cells that have similar qualities to stem cells. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which plants regenerate is crucial for the advances of plant biotechnology. It is why the research that is done at a national and regional level, should not only take into account these new concepts but also contribute to the advances in this area of biotechnology.En una edición especial de la revista Science "¿Que no sabemos?", dedicada a las 25 preguntas más importantes que enfrentan los científicos de todas las disciplinas, una de las cuales fue: ¿cómo se forma una planta completa a partir de una célula somática? La respuesta se puede encontrar en la teoría de la capacidad totipotente de las células vegetales. La cual establece que todas las células somáticas de la planta poseen la capacidad de regenerar una planta completa. En contraste con esta teoría aceptada, recientes artículos científicos sobre la regeneración vegetal indican que: (i) las células vegetales regeneradas a partir de tejido dañado parecen no desdiferenciarse, (ii) los callos son un tejido organizado y diferenciado, (iii) los callos no se forman a partir de cualquier tipo de célula somática sino predominantemente a partir de una población especializada de células madre adultas.
Estos resultados indican que nuestra visión actual de la regeneración vegetal necesita un reanálisis crítico. Por esta razón, se hace necesario contar con una revisión actualizada que permita sintetizar los últimos conceptos relacionados con la regeneración celular que ayude a responder a las preguntas fundamentales que se hace la biología del desarrollo vegetal. Tras una revisión exhaustiva de las últimas publicaciones realizadas en esta área, en los últimos 18 años, se puede concluir que no todas las células somáticas de la planta son totipotentes. y que la mayoría de los procesos de regeneración celular observados se dan a partir de células madre meristemáticas y células no meristemáticas con cualidades similares a las de las células madre. Es por esto que las investigaciones realizadas en el campo del cultivo in vitro de tejidos vegetales a nivel nacional y regional, deben, no solo tener en cuenta estos nuevos concepto, sino también aportar a los avances en el área de la biotecnología.Contenido
Introducción ......................................... 2
Capítulo 1 ..................................................... 5
1. Técnicas biotecnológicas utilizadas en el estudio de la regeneración vegetal.............................5
Capítulo 2 ..........................................................................................................................15
2. Multiplicación vegetal .............................................................................15
2.1 Multiplicación sexual de plantas superiores .........................................................16
2.1.1 Embriogénesis cigótica ...................................................................................16
2.1.1.1 Meristemos primarios y secundarios .........................................................18
2.1.2 Reguladores de crecimiento vegetal ..............................................................20
2.1.2.1 Auxinas ....................................................................................................21
2.1.2.2 Citoquininas .............................................................................................22
2.1.2.3 Mecanismos de acción de las hormonas vegetales ..................................22
2.1.3 Diferenciación celular ...................................................................................25
2.2 Multiplicación asexual en plantas superiores ......................................................25
2.2.1 Cultivo in vitro de tejidos vegetales ..............................................................26
2.2.1.1 Micropropagación ....................................................................................27
2.2.1.2 Técnicas básicas de micropropagación ....................................................28
2.2.1.3 Fases de la micropropagación ..................................................................28
2.2.1.4 Factores que garantizan el éxito del cultivo .............................................29
2.2.1.5 Problemas asociados con el cultivo in vitro de tejidos vegetales .............30
Capítulo 3 .............................................................................................................. 32
3. Conceptos asociados a la regeneración vegetal ....................................32
3.1 Totipotencia celular: el dogma de la biología vegetal ..........................................32
3.2 Células madre vegetales .......................................................................................34
3.3 Células pericíclicas y similares a las pericíclicas ................................................37
3.4 Las diversas estrategias de regeneración vegetal..................................................38
3.4.1 Organogénesis directa .....................................................................................41
3.4.1.1 De raíz a brote ...........................................................................................43
3.4.1.2 De brote a raíz ..........................................................................................44
3.4.2 Organogénesis indirecta ..................................................................................45
3.4.2.1 El origen del callo .....................................................................................46
3.4.2.2 Características y organización celular del callo ........................................47
3.5 Diferenciación celular ............................................................................................48
3.5.1 Desdiferenciación ............................................................................................50
3.5.2 Transdiferenciación .........................................................................................50
3.6 Fases intermedias de la regeneración vegetal ........................................................51
3.6.1 Adquisición de competencias para la regeneración ........................................53
3.6.2 Formación de células progenitoras .................................................................55
3.6.3 Destino celular y patrones de desarrollo ................................................................... 56
4. Resumen y Análisis .................................................................................59
5. Conclusiones ...........................................................................................62
6. Bibliografía ..............................................................................................63Ej. 1PregradoMicrobiólogo Industria
