719 research outputs found
M & L Jaargang 14/2
No full textGeneriekJan Wouters De conservatie van de codex Eyckensis. [The conservation of the Codex Eyckensis.]Goedbedoelde maar nefaste restauratieve ingrepen uit de vijftiger jaren leidden vanaf 1986 tot de hoogdringende conserverende behandeling van de 9de-eeuwse Codex Eyckensis, genoemd naar de oorspronkelijke bewaarplaats Aldeneik. Geruggesteund door een commissie ad hoc leidde Jan Wouters voor het Koninklijk Instituut voor het Kunstpatrimonium de zorgvuldige analyse, de totstandkoming van een nauwkeurige diagnose en de behoedzame therapie. Christine Vanthillo weet dan weer het evangelieboek kunsthistorisch te duiden, ter verklaring van de huidige opsplitsing in een Codex Ia en Ib.Jan Esther en Benoit Delaey Het huis de Halleux. [The Halleux house. Restoration of the houses at Oude Burg 21 and 23-25 in Brugge.]Het gegeven is klassiek: een naar hedendaagse normen té ruim pand met laat-middeleeuwse kern, 18de-eeuwse gevel met binnenaankleding en diepgaande 19de-eeuwse herfatsoenering.De opdracht tot herbestemming en restauratie van dit Brugse Huis de Halleux kon voor Groep Planning dan ook niet anders dan begeleid worden door de Stedelijke Dienst voor Monumentenzorg. Architect Benoît Delaey en kunsthistoricus Jan Esther commentariëren de bevindingen, opties en resultaten bij een stapsgewijze verkenning van het monument.Patric Jacobs Geoconservatie. [Geoconservation.]Slechts moeizaam groeit het besef dat de Aarde als systeem haar perken kent en wijzigingen aan haar samenstelling of ingrepen in haar evolutie onomkeerbaar blijven.Gerichte initiatieven tot behoud van landschapsvormen, ontsluitingen van gesteenten dan wel actieve geologische processen horen tot de Geoconservatie, een voor Patric Jacobs essentiële discipline.Hubert Bats, Etienne Paulissen en Patric Jacobs De grindgroeve Hermans te As. Een beschermd landschap. [The gravel pit in As as a protected landscape.]De nog recente bescherming als landschap van de grintgroeve Hermans te As, om uitsluitend geologische redenen, vormde voor Vlaanderen een primeur.Een praktische toepassing van geoconservatie waar Hubert Bats de nodige toelichting bij geeft.SummaryM&L Binnenkran
Indigenous demosponge spicules in a Late Devonian stromatoporoid basal skeleton from the Frasnian of Belgium
No full textpeer reviewe
Siliciclastic-carbonate ramp, a hostile world for carbonate shelf fauna? The example of the Givetian Ardenne Platform.
No full textThe Givetian platform of the Ardenne Massif records several alternations between a siliciclastic-carbonate ramp and a carbonate shelf. Usually these depositional contexts are considered as a major disruption implying a perturbation of many ecological parameters. We established the impact of these variations on the biodiversity structure through the study of the trophic organisation. Thanks to a previous microfacies analysis, 550 levels of the Mont d´Haurs section in Givet and ten associated environments were precisely defined. Seven palaeotrophic levels are recognised from micropalaeontological data, including benthic, planktonic, heterotroph and autotroph organisms. The spatial and temporal distributions of these levels have been analysed through means of multivariate analyses. The statistic results show that the distribution of the palaeotrophic levels during periods characterised by a mixed ramp is not significantly different than during carbonate shelf influences. These environmental modifications do not affect the community-type. These results support recent studies performed on different benthic communities occurring in the Givetian of the Ardenne Massif. Indeed, trilobite and ostracod faunas of this period appear more affected by global environmental changes as the Kačák (uppermost Eifelian) and Taghanic (late middle Givetian) events. Moreover, along the proximal-distal transect on the platform, reef constitute the most singular environment. However, contrary to the Frasnian reefs of the Ardenne Massif, which consist of carbonate mud mounds laying on a deep mixed ramp, there is no trilobite community that appears restricted to Givetian reefs. Thus global bioevents during the Middle Devonian have a more important control on the biodiversity than the platform morphology. These results support the view that at wide scales (spatial and temporal), the biodiversity responds more positively to ecological disturbances.Fil: Bignon, Arnaud Marcel Jacques. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Cronier, Catherine. Université Lille 1; FranciaFil: Hubert, Benoit L.M.. Université Catholique de Lille; Franci
Scientometric portrait of Nobel laureate Leland H. Hartwell
No full textLeland H. Hartwell was honoured with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2001) at his 62 years age and at 41 years of research publishing career. The first contribution of the author was in 1961 at the age of 22. The number of his contributions in a year peaked in 1997 when it touched 8. He had 108 publications during 1961 – 2001 in domains: Molecular Biology of Cell Cycle Regulation (43), Genetics of Cell Division (48), Genomic Re-arrangement and DNA Repair (9), Molecular Genetics of Yeast Cell Fission (5), and Drug Target Interaction (3) which were analysed for authorship pattern with his 101 collaborators. Most active researchers having number of publications with Leland H. Hartwell were : Weinert, T. A. (10), Garvik, B. M. (8), McLaughlin, C. S. (8), Jenness, D. D. (5). His productivity coefficient was 0.76 which clearly indicates that his productivity increased after 50 percentile age. Highest collaboration coefficient (1) for Leland H. Hartwell was found during 1963-1965, 1968-1969, 1977, 1981-1983, 1985-1990, 1996 and 1998-2001. Journals have been the most preferred channel of communication where, as many as 96 papers out of 108 have been published. The core journals publishing his papers were: Cell (14), Genetics (12), Mol. Cell Biol. (8), J. Bactariol. (7), J. Cell Biol. ( 7), Science (7) J. Mol. Biol.(6), Exp. Cell Res. (5), and Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.(5). Publication density is 2.63 and Publication concentration is 14.63. Most prolific keywords in titles of publications were: Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Yeast , Cell division cycle , RAD9, DNA Damage , Genes , Cell cycle, Genetic control , Check point (s) , Cell division , Mutant of Yeast
Bioconversion of a L-Carnitin Precursor in a One- or Two-Phase System
No full textpeer reviewedThe ability of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to bioconvert stereo-selectively octyl-4-chloroacetoacetate (OCA) into the corresponding chiral alcohol, precursor of L-carnitin, an important physiological agent, was investigated. In a monophasic system with free cells, more than 90% of OCA (0.018 M) bioconversion have been reached after 6 h (enantiomeric excess for the R form, eeR:97%). Immobilized cells in alginate beads were less efficient in conversion of OCA than free cells. In a two-phase system with free cells, the level of reduction of OCA (0.018 M) reached 85% after 48 h. With a medium containing a higher OCA concentration (0.270 M), 41% of this product were bioconverted after the same period. On the other hand, immobilized cells did not show any significant bioconversion of OCA in two-phase reactors. The limiting factor of these reactors in the regeneration of the cofactors involved in the OCA reduction
Bibliographics for the 983 eprints in the live archives of E-LIS : trends and status report up to 7th July 2004, based on author-self-archiving metadata
No full textThe priority for ideas and philosophy related to "Network Theory" have been traced back and documented by Braun(2004),and credit goes to Karinthy(1929).The IT has empowered to realise it, as the most practical phenomena and it is no more a humour. The OAI (Open Archives Initiatives)and ACIS (Academic Contributor Information System)are progressive in the direction ,which may lead to realise the "Collective Genius" at global level. Focus of present study is on Author-Self-Archiving (A-S-A)Metadata of the 983 Eprints in the Live Archives of the E-LIS (EPrints of Library and Information Science),which were approved till 7th July 2004.The A-S-A Metadata was used for librametric analysis. Self-explanatory bibliographics are illustrated.The highlights include: Conference papers (34%); highest approval, June 2004 (28%); published archives (76%);not refereed (52%); not in public domain (60%); highest self-archiving-author (De Robbio, Antonella).The Nos. of EPrints having single JITA domain specifications were: Theoretical and general aspects of libraries and information(27); Information use and sociology of information(80);Users,literacy and reading(13);Libraries as physical collections(30);Publishing and legal issues(57);Management(13);Industry, profession and education(36);Information sources, supports, channels(113) ; Information treatment for information services, Information functions and techniques (101); Technical services libraries, archives and museums(25); Housing technologies(1); Information technology and library technology(92); and Inter-domainery (395) i.e. having specifications of two or more than two JITA classes
Agricultural trade liberalization in the Uruguay Round : one step forward, one step back?
No full textAfter evaluating the Uruguay Round's impact on agriculture and border protection in the next decade, the author concludes that while there was significant reform of the rules - particularly the conversion of nontariff barriers into tariffs and the reduction and binding of all tariffs - in practice, trade will probably be liberalized less than expected. The objective of the Round was to reverse protectionism and remove trade distortions. This may not be achieved in practice, at least not until further reductions are carried out in future rounds of negotiations. The major exception to this conclusion is in high-income Asian countries, where protection for major commodities will be significantly reduced. The tariffication and binding of all tariffs on agricultural products represents a significant step forward. Liberalization is implicit because countries are prohhibited from arbitrarily raising tariffs to new higher levels. But many of the newly established tariffs are so high in many countries as to effectively prohibit trade. Patterns of liberalization vary considerably by commodity and by country. Generally, the extent of liberalization was diminished by binding tariffs to the base period of 1986-88, when border protection was at a high point. In most OECD countries, this was worsened by"dirty tariffication:"the new base tariffs offered even greater protection than the nontariff barriers they replaced. Even after the commitments to tariff reductions in the Round, the ad valorem measure of the final binding tariffs will remain higher than the average rate of protection in 1982-93. A number of developing countries in East Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East chose to lock in prior liberalization efforts on some products. But for most commodities, there will be little actual liberalization, since most developing countries chose to bind their tariffs at a maximum level. Even when countries reduced already-bound rates, bound tariffs remained significantly higher than current applied rates, giving countries the flexibility to raise tariffs later. The high level of bound tariffs may allow countries to apply variable tariffs below the bound level, thus failing to stabilize tariffs and improve market access. Moreover, the Round did not touch many of the worst distortions in developing countries, such as import subsidies, export taxes, state-trading monopolies, and domestic policies that implicitly tax agriculture.Trade Policy,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Export Competitiveness,Rules of Origin,Trade Policy,Rules of Origin,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research
Voucher privatization with investment funds : an institutional analysis
No full textCommon wisdom among post-socialist reformers has beento use voucher investment funds to provide the corporate governance needed to restructure newly privatized enterprises after mass privatization efforts. The idea has been that mass privatization would spread the ownership too wide and make corporate governance difficult. The author examines the likely institutional behavior of voucher funds and the possible effects of their development on a transition economy. Since most policy advice has been in favor of voucher privatization with investment funds, the author can be seen as playing the devil's advocate, but his argument is institutional, not statistical. Policymaking requires insight and foresight into how institutions will tend to function. He concludes that voucher funds will introduce a bias in the economy away from the real industrial sector toward an ersatz"financial sector"that will have little if any positive financial role but will be well-protected by friendly regulators. One long-term consequence of voucher privatization with investment funds, according to this view, is a de facto"industrial policy"of real sector decapitalization in favor of short-term rent-seeking by fund managers through board sinecures and lucrative side deals with portfolio companies and through financial market manipulation and paper entrepreneurship in the"financial sector."Without strong corporate governance from the funds and without stable ownership of their own, many enterprise managers will exploit the post-socialist version of the"separation of ownership and control"to grab what they can in the form of salaries, bonuses, perquisites, and side deals. The most likely results of the strategy of voucher privatization with investment funds may be a two-sided grab fest by fund managers and enterprise managers -- together with the accompanying drift, stagnation, and decapitalization of the privatized industrial sector.Economic Adjustment and Lending,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Adjustment and Lending,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research
The political economy of hedge fund regulation
No full textThe currency crises and episodes of market unrest of the 1990s sparked a series of regulatory initiatives to reform the Global Financial Architecture. One of these initiatives tackled the activities of hedge funds, a type of investment vehicle that was frequently cited as one of the causes of these crises. The key research question of this thesis is why efforts to regulate an apparently destabilising aspect of financial markets failed, despite the setting up of an ad hoc forum at the international level (the Financial Stability Forum) and various domestic initiatives in the US, the country where most hedge funds operate.
The thesis develops a theoretical framework that examines this regulatory inaction through three explanatory models. The first model draws upon mainstream economic accounts and argues that the empirical evidence did not justify more interventionist public regulation of hedge funds. The second model assumes that a form of relational power has been exercised at the regulatory table: those actors with an interest in leaving hedge funds unregulated prevailed over those that favoured a more mandatory approach. The third model argues that it was not just relational power that determined outcomes, but mainly the power of the structure of meaning within which discussions took place and problems were framed. This structure of meaning led to a particular formulation of the problem at stake, which excluded other concerns and actors from the regulatory agenda.
Each model is analysed for its policy implications. The first model leads to regulatory solutions that rely upon private actors' due diligence and self-assessment of risk. The second model leads to policy options that favour a greater inclusion of developing countries and other stakeholder groups in decision-making processes in global finance. The third model leads to a rethinking of the very tenets of financial market regulation and of the financial theories used to explain and govern the market. The thesis argues that the third model is better able to grasp the complexity of power beyond the seemingly technical nature of financial regulation. For this reason, it is deemed more suitable to provide policy solutions that challenge the current neo-liberal framework of regulation
Conducting ecological risk assessments of inorganic metals and metalloids: current status
No full textEcological risk assessment (ERA) of inorganic metals and metalloids (metals) must be specific to these substances and cannot be generic because most metals arc naturally occurring, some are essential, speciation affects bioavailability, and bioavailability is determined by both external environmental conditions and organism physiological/biological characteristics. Key information required for ERA of metals includes: emissions, pathways, and movements in the environment (Do metals accumulate in biota above background concentrations?); the relationship between internal dose and/or external concentration (Are these metals bioreactive?); and the incidence and severity of any effects (Are bioreactive metals likely to result in adverse or, in the case of essential metals, beneficial effects?)-ground-truthed in contaminated areas by field observations. Specific requirements for metals ERA are delineated for each ERA component (Hazard Identification, Exposure Analysis, Effects Analysis, Risk Characterization), updating Chapman and Wang (2000). In addition, key specific information required for ERA is delineated by major information category (conceptual diagrams, bioavailability, predicted environmental concentration [PEC], predicted no effect concentration [PNEC], tolerance, application [uncertainty] factors, risk characterization) relative to three different tiered, iterative levels of ERA: Problem Formulation, Screening Level ERA (SLERA), and Detailed Level ERA (DLERA). 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