1,721,344 research outputs found
Some matrix properties preserved by generalized matrix functions
Full text linkGeneralized matrix functions were first introduced in [J. B. Hawkins and A. Ben-Israel, Linear and Multilinear Algebra, 1(2), 1973, pp. 163-171]. Recently, it has been recognized that these matrix functions arise in a number of applications, and various numerical methods have been proposed for their computation. The exploitation of structural properties, when present, can lead to more efficient and accurate algorithms. The main goal of this paper is to identify structural properties of matrices which are preserved by generalized matrix functions. In cases where a given property is not preserved in general, we provide conditions on the underlying scalar function under which the property of interest will be preserved by the corresponding generalized matrix function
Heating affects the content and distribution profile of isoflavones in steamed black soybeans and black soybean koji
No full textStability of isoflavone isomers in steamed black soybeans and black soybean koji stored under different conditions
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Effect of Heating and Storage Conditions on the Isoflavone Content and Antioxidant activity of Black Soybean and Black Soybean Koji
No full text本研究以Aspergillus awamori作為菌酛製備黑豆麴，探討黑豆及黑豆麴經不同溫度（40、60、80及100℃）加熱30分鐘，以及在不同包裝條件（乾燥劑+脫氧劑、乾燥劑、脫氧劑及不添加任何食品保存劑）與不同溫度（4℃及25℃）下儲存120天過程中總酚類化合物含量、總異黃酮素含量及異黃酮素組成及其甲醇萃取物抗氧化活性之變化，抗氧化活性之檢測項目包括DPPH自由基清除能力、亞鐵離子鳌合力、Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity（TEAC）及還原力。
結果顯示， 在不同溫度加熱30分鐘後，黑豆之總異黃酮素含量並無顯著性（p>0.05）改變，而黑豆麴經100℃加熱30分鐘後，其總異黃酮素含量顯著性（p<0.05）下降。黑豆及黑豆麴之malonylglucoside、acetylglucoside及aglycone形式之異黃酮素含量隨加熱溫度增加而呈現減少之趨勢，當加熱溫度達100℃時，三者含量與控制組相較皆顯著性（p<0.05）下降，而β-glucoside 形式之異黃酮素含量則隨著加熱溫度之提高而增加，且於加熱溫度達100℃時，其含量呈顯著地（p<0.05）上升。
不論溫度與包裝條件，儲存過程中，黑豆及黑豆麴之總酚類化合物、異黃酮素含量與抗氧化活性皆隨儲存時間之增加而降低。在所測試之包裝條件中，以含乾燥劑及脫氧劑之處理組保有最高量之總酚、異黃酮素與抗氧化活性，不添加任何食品保存劑處理組之含量與活性最低。黑豆之異黃酮素及抗氧化活性於4℃下保有較高之含量及活性，黑豆麴之異黃酮素於4℃下含量較高，但其抗氧化活性則於25℃下較佳。In the present study, black soybean koji were first prepared with Aspergillus awamori. The change of total phenolics , isoflavone content and antioxidant activity of black soybean and black soybean koji after heating at various temperature（40,60,80,100℃）for 30 min and storage at 4℃ and 25℃ for 120 days under different packaging conditions（desiccant + deoxidant, desiccant, deoxidant , without desiccant and deoxidant）was investigated. The antioxidant activity examined included DPPH radical-scavenging effect, Fe2+-chelating effect, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity（TEAC）and reducing power.
The results showed that the total isoflavone content of black soybean koji decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while not in black soybean after heating at 100℃ for 30 min. The content of malonylglucosides, actylglucosides , and aglycones of black soybean and black soybean koji decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after heating at 100℃ for 30 min. On the contrary, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the content of β-glucosides isoflavone was noted after heating.
The content of total phenolic compound and isoflavone as well as antioxidant activity of black soybean and black soybean koji decreased during storage, regardless of storage temperatures and packaging conditions. Among the various packaging conditions examined, black soybean or black soybean koji held with desiccant and deoxidant showed the highest retention of total phenolic compound, isoflavone and antioxidant activity. While the retention was the poorest with samples held without desiccant and deoxidant. A higher retention of antioxidant activity and isoflavone content was noted in black soybean held at 4℃ than at 25℃. On the other hand, black soybean koji held at 25℃ showed a lower isoflavone content and a higher antioxidant activity compared with that held at 4℃.摘要-------------------------------------------------- i
Abstrast---------------------------------------------- ii
目錄-------------------------------------------------- iii
圖目錄------------------------------------------------ vi
表目錄------------------------------------------------ vii
壹、前言---------------------------------------------- 1
貳、文獻整理------------------------------------------ 2
一、黑豆---------------------------------------------- 2
二、異黃酮素簡介-------------------------------------- 3
三、發酵製品------------------------------------------ 4
四. 熱處理對異黃酮素組成之影響------------------------ 6
五.異黃酮素組成及抗氧化活性在儲存過程中之變化--------- 7
參、材料與方法---------------------------------------- 10
一、實驗材料------------------------------------------ 10
1. 黑豆( Glycine max (L.) Merrix )-------------------- 10
2. 菌種----------------------------------------------- 10
3.培養基---------------------------------------------- 10
4.試驗藥品-------------------------------------------- 10
5. 儀器設備------------------------------------------- 12
二、樣品製備------------------------------------------ 13
1. 菌株保存與活化------------------------------------- 13
2. 冷凍保存------------------------------------------- 13
3. 活化----------------------------------------------- 13
4. 接種之孢子液製備----------------------------------- 13
5. 製備黑豆麴----------------------------------------- 14
6. 黑豆麴加熱處理------------------------------------- 14
7. 黑豆麴儲存試驗------------------------------------- 14
8. 黑豆麴甲醇萃取物之製備----------------------------- 14
三、分析方法------------------------------------------ 15
1.異黃酮素之分析方法---------------------------------- 15
1.1. 黑豆麴中異黃酮素之萃取方法----------------------- 15
1.2. 異黃酮素之分離----------------------------------- 15
1.3. 異黃酮素標準曲線製作與黑豆麴中異黃酮素之定量----- 15
2. β-glucosidase 活性之測定-------------------------- 16
2.1酵素液之製備--------------------------------------- 16
2.2. 酵素活性之測定----------------------------------- 16
3. 抗氧化活性之檢測----------------------------------- 17
3.1 自由基清除能力------------------------------------ 17
3.2亞鐵離子螯合能力------------------------------- 17
3.3還原力----------------------------------------- 18
3.4 TEAC------------------------------------------ 18
4. 總酚類化合物含量測定---------------------------- 19
5. 統計分析---------------------------------------- 19
肆、結果與討論---------------------------------------- 20
一、不同溫度加熱處理對黑豆及黑豆麴異黃酮素含量之影響-- 20
二、不同儲存條件下黑豆與黑豆麴中異黃酮素含量之變化---- 24
1.黑豆於儲存過程中異黃酮素含量之變化--------------- 24
2.黑豆麴於儲存過程中異黃酮素含量之變化------------- 30
3.黑豆與黑豆麴經儲存後異黃酮素含量之比較-------------- 34
三、黑豆麴於儲存過程中β-glucosidase活性變化之情形----- 35
四、不同儲存條件下黑豆與黑豆麴中總酚類化合物含量之變化-39
五、黑豆與黑豆麴經儲存後甲醇萃取物之抗氧化活性-------- 41
1. 黑豆與黑豆麴經儲存後甲醇萃取物之DPPH自由基清除能力-41
2. 黑豆與黑豆麴經儲存後甲醇萃取物之亞鐵離子螯合能力--- 44
3. 黑豆與黑豆麴經儲存後甲醇萃取物之TEAC--------------- 47
4. 黑豆與黑豆麴經儲存後甲醇萃取物之還原力------------- 50
伍、結論---------------------------------------------- 57
陸、參考文獻------------------------------------------ 58
附錄-------------------------------------------------- 71
附圖一、黑豆麴在不同溫度加熱處理30分鐘後β-glucosidase活性------------7
Patterns of the Almanacs (Ri-Shu)
No full text本論文的題目是「《日書》圖像研究」，研究主體是《日書》中以干支為座標體系的式圖，及各種以線條、符號、圖畫組成的圖像，將這些材料從眾多的出土文獻中撿擇出來，歸納在一起使之成為獨立的子題，並按照時代加以排列，考察發展演變的脈胳。
第一章「導論」，說明研究動機，簡介相關出土文獻，回顧前人研究概況，並陳述撰寫的若干想法。
第二章「《日書》表示時空的圖式」，本章探討《日書》以干支表示時空座標體系的式圖，同時聯繫日者使用器具式盤，認為式盤的原始形制可能源自於式圖，是以鉤繩圖作為主要結構，直到西漢初年受到蓋天說的影響，式盤才固定以內圓外方表示天圓地方。
第三章「《日書》表示時空的圖畫」，主要依據日序、六十甲子、十二地支為占。圖畫可以區分為五個類型：第一型圖畫是由一列線條組成，第二型是在圖畫上佈列六十甲子，第三型需要在圖畫之中填入時日等訊息，第四型是以環繞圖畫計數的方式進行，第五型是以圖畫來標示方位。
第四章「《楚帛書》表示時空的圖式」，《楚帛書》應是《論衡•譏日》裡的「歲月之傳」。其十二神像疑與《後漢書•禮儀志》所載歲末大儺「十二獸」有關，用以驅逐疫鬼。依據當時的佈圖習慣，《楚帛書》應以「上南下北」為正，先讀中間的八行文，次讀十三行文，然後才讀邊文，從代表正月的「取於下」開始。
第五章「結語」，說明論證的總結，及未來研究的展望。
希望本論文的撰寫，對《日書》各種圖像的內涵與源流，有更為深入的認識，同時建立系統的研究，在戰國至西漢的思想文化方面，提供一種新的角度或是視野。The main theme of this paper is Patterns of the Almanacs (Ri-Shu). The research subject include a formula maptaking heavenly stems as coordinate system in “Ri Shu” and patterns composed of lines, symbols and pictures of all types. These materials are picked out from numerous unearthed literatures to construct independent sub themes through summarization and then sequenced according to times for investigation of development and evolution traces.
Chapter one is introduction which describes research motivation, briefly introduces relevant unearthed literature, reviews research status in the past, and presents some opinions related to the compilation.
Chapter two is pattern representing time and space in Ri Shu, which mainly discusses the formula map with coordinate system in which heavenly stems are used to represent time and space in Ri Shu, and then in connection with apparatus formula disk used by Ri Zhe, it believes that original shape of formula disk possibly comes from the formula map mainly composed of hooked rope diagram as its main structure.
Until affected by the theory of canopy heavens in beginning of Western Han period, formula disk has been formally decided that its inner circle and outer square represent round top and square bottom respectively.
Chapter three is picture representing time and space in Ri Shu which is mainly based Rixu, sixty Jiazi and twelve earthly branches. The pictures are divided into five types: pictures in first type are composed of a row of lines; second type is arranged with sixty Jiazi on the pictures; the third one is to fill in time and date information into pictures; the forth one is to calculate the number of circled pictures, fifth type is to label orientation by pictures.
Chapter four is pattern representing time and space in Chu Silk Book. Chu Silk Book should be one legend of times in Jiri episode of Lunheng Book. Its twelve god sculptures are suspected to have relevance with twelve animals mentioned in one large ancient festival for celebrating gods driving away the plague held at the end of year that listed in etiquette session of Hou Han Book, with the purpose of dispelling plague ghosts. According to the habit of arranging maps at that time, Chu Silk Book should take upper north and lower south as its front side, read from characters in middle eight lines firstly, followed by those in thirteen lines and then to characters in lateral sides starting from “Take from beneath” representing the first moon.
Chapter five is conclusion which describes summary of evidences and expectation in future research.
It is hoped that through compilation of this paper, readers can deeply understand implications and origins of patterns in Ri Shu and establishes a systematic research for providing a new perspective or sight with respect to thinking cultures from War Period to Western Han Period
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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