38,855 research outputs found
Çin klasik metinlerinde yabancılar: Yi, di, rong ve hu terimleri
No full textÇin'de geleneksel terminoloji içinde yabancılar, birbirinden farklı ve özgün terimlerle anılmışlardır. Coğrafi yönlerle ilişkilendirilmiş olan bu terimler ?Yi ? ?, ?Di ? ?, ?Rong ? ?, ?Man ? ? ve ?Hu ? ?dur. Batı dillerinde çoğunlukla ?barbar? ile karşılanmakla birlikte bu terimler, Çin'in geleneksel siyaset söyleminde yabancıları tanımlamaktadır. ?Yi?, ?Di? ve ?Rong ? terimleri Zhou Hanedanlığı boyunca tarihsel ve gerçek halkları karşılarken, Han Hanedanlığı zamanında, somut içeriklerini yitirerek yabancılar için kullanılan birer genel terime dönüşmüşlerdir. Aynı dönemde Hunların tarih sahnesine çıkmasına paralel olarak ?Hu? teriminin kullanımı yaygınlaşmış ve bu terim daha önceki terimlerin anlamsal mirasını yüklenmeye başlamıştır. Uzun süre ?Hu? terimiyle anılan Hunlar da böylece, daha önce Çin'in çeşitli bölgelerinde yaşamış olan göçebe halkların devamı olarak görülmüşlerdir. Çince Klasik Metinler ve Resmi Tarih kayıtları içerisinde söz konusu terimlerin, gerçek olay ve olgular ekseninde birbirlerinin yerine kullanıldıkları, birleşerek daha geniş kapsamlı anlamlar içerdikleri, kimi bağlamlarda ?olumlu? kimilerinde ?olumsuz? anlamlar yüklendikleri görülmektedir. ?Hu? teriminin kullanımının yaygınlaştığı dönemlerde, iktidarın el değiştirmesine paralel biçimde, karşılıklı kültürel etkileşimin derinleştiği, yerleşik Çin kültürünün Kuzey ve Kuzeybatı bölgelerinde yaşayan halkların kültürlerinden çokça etkilendiği anlaşılmaktadır. Sonraki Han Tarihi, Wei Tarihi ve Jin Tarihi gibi Resmi tarihler içinde bu olgunun maddi kültür unsurlarının adlarının önüne gelen ?hu? imiyle somutlaştığı, müzikten giyim kuşama kadar pek çok özelliğin Çinliler arasında göçebe yaşam biçimine öykünme şeklinde ortaya çıktığı görülebilmektedir. AbstractIn Chinese traditional terminology, foreigners have been defined with different and specific terms. These terms, which have been associated with cardinal aspects, are ?Yi ? ?, ?Di ? ?, ?Rong ? ?, ?Man ? ? and ?Hu ? ?. Though translated as ?barbarian? in Western literature, in Chinese political discourse they namely define foreigners. In the beginning they corresponded to the historical peoples. However, by the Han Dynasty they transformed into common terms used for defining foreigners. In the same period, with the Huns? gaining power, usage of the ?Hu? became prevalent. This term has started to take over the semantic heritage of the terms prior to it and thus the Huns, who have been called as ?Hu?, were considered as the descendants of the nomadic nations that lived long before in various parts of China. In Classics and Dynastic Histories, the terms mentioned above were commonly used one for another on various historical accounts. These terms were also combined with each other to create new terms for addressing foreigners. Except for the ?man?, other four were identified with the nomadic peoples whom had played important roles through Chinese history. The fact that these terms had even and derogatory connotations were also related with the nomadic peoples? political and cultural activities on China proper where the sovereignty was shifted hands between sedentary and nomadic leaderships. ?Hu?s usage in records, we observe the very fact of increasing interaction between sedentary and nomadic cultural spheres. From Han period on, Chinese culture was deeply influenced by the foreign cultures mainly from Middle Asian frontiers. So the term ?hu? became an identifier, mostly located before a word of a thing to indicate its foreign origin
Human-AI Collaboration in Academic Writing: towards a Synergy Model and A Case to Include AI as a Co-Author
No full textAs generative AI systems such as ChatGPT and Gemini 2.5 become increasingly integrated into academic workflows, the question of their legitimacy, limitations, and potential in scholarly writing has become urgent. This paper presents a reflexive case study of a sustained collaboration between a domain expert in consciousness studies and Gemini 2.5, culminating in the co-authorship of a peer-reviewed research article. By analyzing exactly 37,440 words of recorded interactions, we identify patterns of synergy, including recursive refinement, conceptual amplification, and accelerated manuscript development. We argue that when guided by a knowledgeable human author, AI can act as a cognitive partner rather than a passive tool—amplifying scholarly creativity and improving efficiency without compromising academic rigor. The case supports a '1+1=3' synergy model for co-authorship, in which human steering and AI fluency converge to produce novel insights and polished output faster and more effectively than either could achieve alone. The findings advocate for a paradigm shift from prohibitive policies to the responsible, expert-guided integration of AI in academic research and writing, grounded in transparency and accountability, and present arguments for why the AI tool should be listed as a co-author despite current injunctions against such practice
Zai guo leng ba, nie, lin ya wen ye tai hu rong jian xi wai duan cheng you xu jie gou de zhuan bian
No full textLo, Yin Fung = 在過冷鈀, 鎳, 磷亞穩液態互溶間隙外短程有序結構的轉變 / 盧彥鋒.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015.Includes bibliographical references.Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 03, January, 2017).Lo, Yin Fung = Zai guo leng ba, nie, lin ya wen ye tai hu rong jian xi wai duan cheng you xu jie gou de zhuan bian / Lu Yanfeng
Differentiation of two types of cultural remains of the Eastern Zhou Period in North China: on the relationships among the Rong, Di and the Hu
No full textAbstractIn the Spring-and-Autumn and Warring-States Periods, North China went through remarkable changes in material culture, economic type, social formation and ethnographic aspect and entered a period of great prosperity. Were the main ethnic groups in this cultural zone concerned with the “Rong”, “Di” and “Hu” recorded in ancient Chinese documents? What difference existed between them? How was the replacement of the Rong and Di by the Hu reflected in material culture? The present paper tries to answer these questions through an integrated study of related archaeological data and literal evidence. Based on a typological and morphological examination of northern bronzes and related artifacts, the available cultural remains can be classified into two types. The two types of remains are varying chronologically and reflect distinct difference in material culture, ethnographic aspect and economic life.</jats:p
Đa dạng loài rong biển ven đảo Lý Sơn, Quảng Ngãi
No full textLy Son is an island district located in the northeast of Quang Ngai province, has an important strategic position (the A10 point to baselines) with a great potential for socio-economic development combined with national security. The biological resources in coastal areas surrounding the Ly Son island are relatively abundant and diverse. The results of seaweed resources from surveys for two years (2017 - 2018) in the Ly Son island have identified 143 seaweed species belonging to 36 families, 18 orders of 4 seaweed phylums. Specifically, Rhodophyta had the highest identified species with 67 species; followed by Ochrophyta (39 species) and Chlorophyta (36 species); the lowest was Cyanobacteria (1 species). The study have also recorded 60 seaweed species of high economic value; 2 species of endangered (EN) and 1 species of vulnerable (VU). The average biomass of seaweed was 3,312 ± 436 g/m2. Some groups of economic seaweed species distributing with high biomass such as Sargassum, Gracilaria, Hydropuntia, Caulerpa, Gelidiella have important implications for human life in the Ly Son island.Lý Sơn là huyện đảo tiền tiêu nằm ở phía Đông Bắc tỉnh Quảng Ngãi, có vị trí chiến lược quan trọng (là điểm A10 để vạch đường cơ sở), có tiềm năng lớn về phát triển kinh tế-xã hội kết hợp với an ninh quốc phòng. Tài nguyên sinh vật vùng biển ven đảo Lý Sơn tương đối phong phú và đa dạng. Kết quả điều tra, khảo sát hiện trạng nguồn lợi rong biển ven đảo huyện Lý Sơn trong hai năm 2017-2018 đã xác định được 143 loài rong biển thuộc 36 họ, 18 bộ của 4 ngành rong. Trong đó, ngành rong Đỏ (Rhodophyta) có số loài được xác định nhiều nhất với 67 loài; tiếp đến là ngành rong Nâu (Ochrophyta) 39 loài; ngành rong Lục (Chlorophyta) 36 loài; thấp nhất là ngành rong Lam (Cyanobacteria) 1 loài. Kết quả nghiên cứu cũng ghi nhận được 60 loài rong biển kinh tế; 3 loài rong biển nguy cấp, quý, hiếm cần ưu tiên bảo vệ. Sinh lượng rong biển trung bình đạt 3.312±436 g/m2. Một số nhóm loài rong biển kinh tế có sinh lượng lớn như rong mơ (Sargassum), rong câu (Gracilaria, Hydropuntia), rong guột (Caulerpa), rong đá cong (Gelidiella) có ý nghĩa quan trọng đối với đời sống của người dân trên đảo
Cloning and characterization of XiR1, a locus responsible for dagger nematode resistance in grape
No full textHwang, Chin-Feng, Kenong Xu, Rong Hu, Rita Zhou, Summaira Riaz, and M. Andrew Walker. Cloning and characterization of XiR1, a locus responsible for dagger nematode resistance in grape. Theoretical and applied genetics 121, no. 4 (2010): 789-799
Meaningful human control: actionable properties for AI system development
No full textHow can humans remain in control of artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems designed to perform tasks autonomously? Such systems are increasingly ubiquitous, creating benefits - but also undesirable situations where moral responsibility for their actions cannot be properly attributed to any particular person or group. The concept of meaningful human control has been proposed to address responsibility gaps and mitigate them by establishing conditions that enable a proper attribution of responsibility for humans; however, clear requirements for researchers, designers, and engineers are yet inexistent, making the development of AI-based systems that remain under meaningful human control challenging. In this paper, we address the gap between philosophical theory and engineering practice by identifying, through an iterative process of abductive thinking, four actionable properties for AI-based systems under meaningful human control, which we discuss making use of two applications scenarios: automated vehicles and AI-based hiring. First, a system in which humans and AI algorithms interact should have an explicitly defined domain of morally loaded situations within which the system ought to operate. Second, humans and AI agents within the system should have appropriate and mutually compatible representations. Third, responsibility attributed to a human should be commensurate with that human’s ability and authority to control the system. Fourth, there should be explicit links between the actions of the AI agents and actions of humans who are aware of their moral responsibility. We argue that these four properties will support practically minded professionals to take concrete steps toward designing and engineering for AI systems that facilitate meaningful human control.Interactive IntelligenceDesign AestheticsCyber SecurityHuman-Robot InteractionEthics & Philosophy of TechnologyHuman Information Communication DesignWeb Information System
A Two-Dimensional Explanation Framework to Classify AI as Incomprehensible, Interpretable, or Understandable
No full textBecause of recent and rapid developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI), humans and AI-systems increasingly work together in human-agent teams. However, in order to effectively leverage the capabilities of both, AI-systems need to be understandable to their human teammates. The branch of eXplainable AI (XAI) aspires to make AI-systems more understandable to humans, potentially improving human-agent teamwork. Unfortunately, XAI literature suffers from a lack of agreement regarding the definitions of and relations between the four key XAI-concepts: transparency, interpretability, explainability, and understandability. Inspired by both XAI and social sciences literature, we present a two-dimensional framework that defines and relates these concepts in a concise and coherent way, yielding a classification of three types of AI-systems: incomprehensible, interpretable, and understandable. We also discuss how the established relationships can be used to guide future research into XAI, and how the framework could be used during the development of AI-systems as part of human-AI teams.Accepted author manuscriptInteractive Intelligenc
Three different types of AI hype in healthcare
No full textHealthcare systems are the embodiment of big data – as evident in the logistics of resource management, estate maintenance, diagnoses, patient monitoring, research, etc. – such that human health is often heralded as one of the fields most likely to benefit from AI. Yet, the prevalence of hype – both positive and negative – risks undermining that potential by distracting healthcare policy makers, practitioners, and researchers from many of the non-AI factors that will determine its impact. Here we categorise AI hype in healthcare into three types that include both utopian and dystopian narratives and plot a series of more productive paths ahead by which to realise the potential of AI to improve human healthcare.Citizen HealthAI Politics Hu
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