1,720,977 research outputs found
Evaluation of Heat Tolerance Germplasm in Wheat
No full text小麥屬溫帶作物，在臺灣僅適於冬季裡作種植，隨著全球暖化及全球極端天氣影響，高溫將是臺灣種植小麥所面臨的挑戰之一，因此小麥耐熱新品系選育則顯重要。本耐熱種原評估試驗以自國際玉米小麥改良中心 (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CIMMYT) 引進之167個耐熱品系為材料，提早於10月播種，進行耐熱種原評估試驗，同時調查病害感染狀況，試驗結果顯示，共有73個品系產量高於臺中選2號，成熟期則以130~135天最多，蛋白質含量主要分布介於12.5%~13.5%，多屬中筋品種。依據各品系之性狀表現，已自167個品系中選拔20個品系，作為後續產量及區域試驗之參試材料，並進一步確認其耐熱性表現。
Wheat is a temperate-zone crop; thus, the only appropriate season for planting wheat in Taiwan is winter. With global warming and the influences of extreme climate changes, high temperatures have posed a challenge for wheat agriculture in Taiwan. Therefore, novel heat-tolerant wheat strains must be developed. The targets of this genetic evaluation experiment for wheat heat tolerance were 167 heat-tolerant strains that were imported from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center. The planting time was moved to October to conduct the genetic heat-tolerance experiment. In addition, disease infection conditions were investigated. According to the experimental results, the yields of 73 strains were higher than that of wheat Taichung Sel. No. 2 and the most common maturation period was 130–135 d. The primary protein content ranged between 12.5% and 13.5%. Most wheat varieties contained medium gluten. Based on their gene expressions, 20 of the 167 strains were selected as samples for conducting additional regional yield experiments. Subsequent experiments will be conducted to verify the heat-tolerance performances of these wheat strains
Wheat Yields and Cost-effectiveness of Various Cultivation Methods for Rice-Wheat Rotation System in Southern Asia and Taiwan
No full text稻麥輪作是南亞地區重要糧食生產栽培系統，種植小麥前的耕作模式可分整地、低整地與不整地，透過改變小麥播種前的耕作方式，可降低小麥延遲播種造成直接或間接對產量的影響，其中不整地雖可減少小麥田區準備的時間而不至於延後播種，但可能因土壤結構不利小麥根系生長造成減產。為了解決整地可能造成晚播的原因，較整地減少耕犁次數的低整地耕作可能是較為可行的替代方式，除了減少因多次耕犁而影響小麥播種外，低整地使土壤結構較為鬆散而具有高的水分滲透性，有助於小麥根系發展及截取水分，促進小麥生長發育，同時具較高的氮素利用效率，皆有助提升穀粒產量。臺灣小麥耕作方式有別於印度地區稻麥輪作，屬更集約的水稻－水稻－小麥輪作系統，耕作方式可分不整地撒播(no-till/broadcast sowing)、低整地撒播(reduced tillage/broadcast sowing)、低整地條播(reduced tillage/strip till)等三種，依據近年來於小麥主要產地調查得知，每公頃平均產量以低整地條播3,787 kg最高，較不整地撒播增產23.7%，造成產量差異主要係因低整地條播單位面積穗數顯著高於其他兩種。分析上述三種小麥播種方式之投入成本，結果顯示，雖然整地條播投入耕作成本較不整地撒播高，但因其產量最高，扣除投入耕作成本外仍有最佳之收益，應可推薦作為農民及農企業栽培管理的參考，將有助於提升臺灣小麥的產業競爭力及增進農民收益。
Rice-wheat rotation is an essential cropping system in southern Asia. Preparation prior to wheat sowing can be divided into tillage, reduced tillage, and no-tillage. Changing the tillage method alleviates the direct and indirect effects of delayed sowing on crop yields. In particular, no-tillage can reduce the preparation time and therefore avoid delayed sowing; however, this method leads to soil structure unconducive to wheat growths and yield losses. To address problems concerning delayed sowing due to tillage, reduced tillage that lowers the number of ploughing has been adopted as a viable alternative. This method creates loose soil structure with high water permeability, thereby facilitates the development and water acquisition of wheat roots. Accordingly, it is conducive to wheat growth, engenders high nitrogen utilization rates, and improves crop yields. Wheat cropping in Taiwan differs from that in India in that Taiwanese farmers generally adopt a rice- rice-wheat rotation system, the cultivation methods of which are divided into no-tillage with broadcast sowing, reduced tillage with broadcast sowing, and reduced tillage with strip till. Recent surveys on main wheat production regions in Taiwan have reported that reduced tillage with strip till leads to the highest mean yield at 3,787 kg per hectare, which is 23.7% higher than that of no-tillage with broadcast sowing. The difference in yields is mainly attributable to the notably higher panicle number per unit area of reduced tillage with strip till compared with other tillage methods. This study analyzed the costs of the three cultivation methods. The results indicate that despite the higher cost of reduced tillage with strip till compared with other methods, it leads to the highest yield and is therefore the most cost-effective after the cultivation cost is accounted for. This study can serve as a reference for farmers and agricultural businesses to manage their cultivation, helping the Taiwanese wheat industry improve its competitiveness and profits
Establishment of Environmental Friendly Rotation Cropping Model for Agricultural Cultivation in Central Taiwan
No full text本試驗為探討不同作物間輪作模式一期水稻、夏作蔬菜-甘藍、秋冬作的小麥及綠肥作物對作物栽培環境之影響。本試驗顯示不同作物間輪作模式後，仍以慣行栽培方式較親和栽培產量增加，以二年期計算在水稻增加575 kg．ha-1 (5.9%)，在甘藍增加3,647 kg．ha-1 (10.9%)，在小麥增加852 kg．ha-1 (14%)。而對不同輪作模式或不同施肥量 (慣行及親和)，就農業環境而言，不同作物間輪作模式 (一期水稻、夏作蔬菜-甘藍、秋冬作的小麥及綠肥作物後)，慣行或親和栽培對就土壤pH 值、EC 值、全氮含量及有機質含量等土壤環境之影響，大部分無顯著差異。在水稻 (二化螟蟲) 、甘藍 (露菌病、黑腐病及小菜蛾)、小麥 (螟蟲) 方面等病蟲害發生情形，不同處理慣行或親和栽培在病蟲害發生並無顯著差異。因此在考量不同地區、不同的氣候條件、不同的農產品 (一期水稻、夏作蔬菜、秋冬作的小麥) 需要，以創造各種不同輪作模式農民最大收益下，本試驗輪作栽培模式仍有待後續長期評估後再能定論。
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rotation model ‘rice-cabbage-wheat and green manure’ on crop cultivation as well as environment. The results showed the yield of crops with conventional cultivation still had significant incensement than environmental friendly treatment after rotation. According to the evaluation of two-year study, 575 kg•ha-1 (5.9%), 3647 kg•ha-1 (10.9%), and 852 kg•ha-1 (14%) were increased in rice, cabbage, and wheat, respectively. For environmental changes, there were not significant differences in soil pH, EC, total nitrogen content, and organic content. For the pest and disease happened such as rice-stem borer, downy mildew, black rot, and moth in cabbage, and wheat border, there were also not significant difference between conventional and friendly treatments. Therefore, in consideration of different regions, different climate conditions as well as different agricultural products, the rotation model of present study still required further long-term evaluation to create the maximum income
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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