1,721,219 research outputs found
Re-Thinking Governance In Public Policy. Dynamics, Strategy And Capacities
No full textGovernance is not a fashion, but a firmly-established lens through which to analyze the complexity of contemporary policy making, that is, the way in which a society and its political processes are organized and steered. Thus governance needs to be seen as a general concept within political analysis which represents a necessary, heuristic tool with which to describe some of the complexity of political processes. Governance is not only a fashionable term, but one destined to remain with us for some time yet.
However, despite a great deal having been written on the subject in recent years, questions remain about many fundamental aspects of governance. This is especially the case in both defining and understanding governance modes and their dynamics, the subject of this book. Many “Varieties of Governance” exist, both cross-nationally and cross sectorally and understanding why this is the case and how it has come about is important for the future of governance studies.
In this introductory chapter, after a brief reflection on the heuristic relevance of the concept, we focus on the following three specific aspects of governance: dynamics, strategy and capacity. The notion of ‘governance dynamics’ suggests that ‘modes of governance’ identified in earlier studies may not be stable, but rather dynamic, meaning that that there are no set governance arrangements within a given political system. These may change over the course of time, as governments adopt different architectural features and mix policy tools in different ways. A mode of governance , in this perspective is an equilibrium moment, rather than a permanent stable construct.
‘Governance strategy’ is a concept which reflects this ability of governments to alter governance arrangements and give them their dynamic character. It suggests that behind every mode or governance equilibrium lies a specific undertaking by different policy actors, as they seek the best governance arrangement to attain their purposes, and consequently try to see that it is established. This is particularly true of governments, since they continue to be in charge of systemic responsibility and are the most powerful authoritative actors in virtually all societies.
“Governance capacity”, is a third critical concept, one which emphasizes that not every choice of governance mechanism is likely to be equally successful in terms of attaining government goals. Every governance arrangement must be effective, that is, capable of resolving political and policy problems, but simply designating or advocating a specific arrangement does not ensure its success
Howlett, M (Marmaduke), WX10109
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/393630Surname: HOWLETT. Given Name(s) or Initials: M (MARMADUKE). Military Service Number or Last Known Location: WX10109. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 43590.214638
Item: [2016.0049.25923] "Howlett, M (Marmaduke), WX10109
Ideational leadership and structural policy change: comparing German welfare state reforms
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78396_a.pdf (author's version ) (Open Access
Instrumentation in policy design: policy tools – from devices to activators
No full textEffective policy design requires an understanding of policy instrument choices and the
range of possibilities for tool deployment present in any design situation. Instrumentation,
or the selection of tools in a policy design, is a key factor determining design effectiveness
and policy advisors and decision-makers must be aware of what instrument options they
have and how they can be mobilized. They must know, for example which ones are
technically feasible in a given context as well as which are considered legitimate and
appropriate by policy experts, politicians and the public. This chapter discusses these
elements of policy instrument choices for policy design and the state of knowledge
concerning how these choices are, and should be, made
The role of tool calibrations and policy specifications in policy change: evidence from healthcare reform efforts in Korea 1990-2020
No full textPolicy studies have addressed many issues on the topic of policy change, generally following the ideas about policy composition set out by Hall and others. These typically view 'significant' policy change as related to alterations in the macro elements of policies, namely policy paradigms and governance preferences. These studies have also examined the roles of meso-level policy objectives and policy instrument preferences in these dynamics but see these as subsequent or subordinate to more macro-level changes. In contrast, the role of changes in policy specifications and tool calibrations at the micro-level of policies remain under-investigated and under-theorized despite growing recognition of their sometimes transformative role in policy dynamics. This paper re-examines foundational work on policy change in order to develop a clearer understanding of the content and significance of both calibrations and policy specifications. The significance of these insights is illustrated through a case study of recent healthcare policy reform efforts in South Korea after 1988 which highlights the role that micro-level policy changes played in shaping broader and deeper policy changes over the period
Causal logics and mechanisms in policy design: How and why adopting a mechanistic perspective can improve policy design
Full text linkPolicy design undertakes to develop effective policies and hence must understand whether and how effective policies can be formulated and implemented. However, very often policy design has failed to focus on the causal chain that represents the actual driver of policy effects and thus misconstrues the potential effectiveness of a policy design. A mechanistic perspective is extremely helpful for conceptualising and pinpointing such causal chains, as it focuses on the real processes that must be activated by policy-makers in implementing policy designs. This article identifies the main steps to be taken when adopting such a mechanistic approach to policy design
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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