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Online Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Albania
No full textThe spread of COVID-19 has caused the interruption of education in all levels of schools, forcing them to seek urgent solutions to reconfigure traditional education programs for distance learning. The emergency restrictions related to social distancing, gathering, etc., have generated a disruption, resulting in a massive quick shift to distance and online teaching. The disruption of teaching has been highly critical and complex, especially for developing countries due to the lack of technological infrastructure, low Internet access, low level of preparation of teachers and parents to use technology, and lack of learning motivation. This paper aimed at identifying the main teaching practices, challenges, and contextual characteristics that impacted the adoption and use of online teaching solutions, during the COVID-19 outbreak, in a developing country, Albania. The paper reached this goal by providing the results of a survey involving 100 educators from different levels of public education institutions in Albania (high schools and universities). The results revealed that despite a set of challenges faced, the online teaching experience during the pandemic time brought improvements in computer teaching skills and communication with students by using several applications for interactivity
IDEOLOGJIA DHE LEKSIKU NË TEKSTET MËSIMORE TË GJUHËS SHQIPE PARA VITIT 1990: (Rast studimi: Gjuha shqipe V )
Get PDFThis paper addresses the contextual and ideological representation of vocabulary in Albanian language textbooks before 1990, the year that marked the fall of the communist regime and the transition to a democratic system in Albania. The communist ideology of that period influenced not only the political and social system but also the structure and content of education.
The focus of the paper is the analysis of ideologized vocabulary, which includes words that conveyed political and social norms and messages dictated by the communist system. This is demonstrated through a comparative examination of Albanian language textbooks before and after 1990, observing how the political system and social changes have impacted the vocabulary of the Albanian language in general, and as a core school subject in particular, as well as how the semantic structure of some words has evolved and changed.
The texts “Gjuhë shqipe V” (1973-1984) and “Gjuhë shqipe V” (2003 and 2022) have been selected as case studies, as they represent the educational level that separates Primary Education from Nine-Year Education. After their examination, several word groupings were analyzed: words that in the post-90s texts are used in a different context and meaning from those before the 90s; words that are used with the same meaning in both periods but are presented with politicized examples (in the first period); words that have fallen out of use alongside the reality and as a result are absent from the Albanian language textbooks after the 90s; and words that changed their meaning structure, either through the reduction or addition of meanings.
The study’s results show that the pre-90s textbooks were a powerful propaganda tool, where vocabulary not only conveyed linguistic knowledge but also simultaneously helped shape an ideological identity suitable for the communist doctrine. After 1990, the Albanian education system became de-ideologized, educational programs and textbooks were depoliticized, and were enriched with contemporary scientific and didactic knowledge. This spirit of the times significantly influenced the vocabulary of Albanian language textbooks, which Albanian children use in schools.
The paper, as a perspective on the relationship between language and ideology, contributes to studies on the history of education and its impact on society.Ky punim trajton paraqitjen kontekstuale dhe ideologjike të leksikut në tekstet mësimore të gjuhës shqipe para vitit 1990, vit që shënoi rënien e regjimit komunist dhe tranzicionin drejt një sistemi demokratik në Shqipëri. Ideologjia komuniste e asaj periudhe ndikoi jo vetëm në sistemin politik dhe shoqëror, por edhe në strukturën dhe përmbajtjen e arsimit.
Në fokus të trajtesës është analizimi i leksikut të ideologjizuar, i cili përfshin fjalë që transmetonin norma dhe mesazhe politike e sociale të diktuara nga sistemi komunist. Ai dëshmohet përmes një vështrimi krahasues të teksteve të gjuhës shqipe para dhe pas vitit ’90, duke vëzhguar sa ka ndikuar sistemi politik e ndryshimet shoqërore në leksikun e gjuhës shqipe në përgjithësi e si lëndë bazë shkollore në veçanti, gjithashtu si ka evoluar e ndryshuar struktura semantike e disa fjalëve.
Janë përzgjedhur si rast studimi tekstet “Gjuhë shqipe V” (1973-1984) dhe “Gjuhë shqipe V” (2003 e 2022), si niveli i shkollimit që ndan Arsimin Fillor nga Arsimi 9-vjeçar. Objekt analize pas hulumtimit të tyre u bënë disa grupime fjalësh: fjalë të cilat në tekstet e pas ’90-ës përdoren në një kontekst e kuptim tjetër nga ai i para 90-ës; fjalë që përdoren me të njëtin kuptim në të dyja periudhat, por që paraqiten me shembuj të politizuar (në periudhën e parë); fjalë që kanë dalë nga përdorimi së bashku me realien dhe si rezultat nuk janë të pranishme në tekstet e gjuhës shqipe pas ’90-ës; fjalë që ndryshuan strukturën kuptimore, me reduktim a shtim të kuptimeve.
Rezultatet e studimit tregojnë se tekstet mësimore të para ’90-ës ishin një mjet i fuqishëm propagandistik, ku leksiku jo vetëm përçonte njohuri gjuhësore, por njëkohësisht ndihmonte në formësimin e një identiteti ideologjik të përshtatshëm me doktrinën komuniste. Pas ’90-ës, sistemi arsimor shqiptar u çideologjizua, u depolitizuan programet dhe tekstet mësimore, duke u pasuruar me dije shkencore e didaktike bashkëkohore. Kjo frymë e kohës ndikoi dukshëm në leksikun e teksteve të gjuhës shqipe, me të cilat fëmijët shqiptarë mësojnë në shkollë.
Punimi, si një këndvështrim mbi marrëdhënien midis gjuhës dhe ideologjisë, kontribuon në studimet mbi historinë e arsimit dhe ndikimin e tij në shoqëri
Language Teaching Through the Integrated Process of Theory and Practice
Get PDFLanguage teaching is a very important process in forming the personality of the pupils and extending their knowledge in different fields. Teaching process, formal or informal, leads to the achievement of the subject/theme objectives according to standards and the most important in the integration of the theory and practice for a better spoken, written and understanding of the language. The organization of school and further education has long been associated with the idea of a curriculum. Language curriculum includes theory and practice because they go ahead together fulfilling each – other, by interconnecting four components: reading, speaking writing and grammar. Language teaching through this integrated process is also based on Herbart’s theory “The practice without theory passes in routine, otherwise the theory without practice goes through the mist of abstraction.” A pupil can achieve the theory to serve the practice, and the teacher must find a connection between theoretical value and pedagogic utility. This study shows how useful is the integration of the theory and practice in language teaching by emphasizing language learning/teaching at the school, language curriculum sustained and led by the teacher’s role.Keywords: language teaching, theory, practice, grammar, speaking, writing
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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