1,721,207 research outputs found
Alcohol and drugs in rape and sexual assault
Get PDFThe links between alcohol and sexual assault are now well established and have bee documented in both United Kingdom (UK) and international research (Abbey et al, 2001; Horvath & Brown, 2006a, 2007; Kelly, Lovett & Regan, 2005; Ullman,
Karabastsos & Koss, 1999; Walby & Allen, 2004). Although research has identified that administration of alcohol and drugs as means of obtaining illicit sex is not a new
phenomenon, it has been argued that the techniques for using alcohol and drugs to facilitate rape have changed and this issue is therefore worthy of renewed interest
(Foote, Wangmann & Braff, 2004). This chapter brings together and compares findings from two large independent studies which collected data on the involvement of alcohol and drugs in cases of rape and sexual assault reported to the police and/or sexual assault referral centres. We seek to explore the complexities of alcohol-related sexual assault by outlining a common methodological approach which generates findings that take greater account of the role of the perpetrator, the broader assault context (e.g. the location and relationship between the parties) and other situational characteristics, (e.g. the type of intoxicants consumed and the nature of consumption).
The aims of our chapter are to:
• promote a broader and more nuanced understanding of the realities of alcohol-related rape, which, we argue, are commonly over-simplified in both academic and popular representations of this crime;
• advance the view, based on research evidence, that alcohol is the drug most commonly associated with rape;
• and to move beyond the tendency to focus solely on the role and characteristics of victims of alcohol-related sexual assault and incorporate perpetrator characteristics.
Our purpose is to dispel some persistent myths about alcohol and drugs in rape in relation to types of substances consumed and the nature of consumption, context,
victims and perpetrators. We will present findings from two datasets side by side which is not commonly done and will allow for direct comparison and the generation
of new hypotheses
Multiple perpetrator rape in the courtroom
No full textCriminal justice system responses to rape are multiple and connected by intricate feedback loops. This complexity is particularly evident during a trial, and is likely to be heightened when a rape case involves multiple perpetrators (Lees, 2002). It is also likely that such cases will pose additional challenges for research and practice, compared to those involving single perpetrators. Multiple Perpetrator Rape (MPR) has been receiving increasing research attention in recent years, but this has mainly focused on describing the offence and beginning to understand offender motivations and victim experiences (e.g. Franklin, 2004; Horvath & Kelly, 2009; Ullman, 1999; Woodhams, Cooke, Harkins & da Silva, 2012). However, very little is known about the way in which such cases are handled by the courts. The study reported here focuses on understanding how already complicated processes for prosecuting rape are adapted or not for MPR cases. A sample of 33 MPR cases that were prosecuted in England and Wales between 2006 and 2011 were identified from publically available records including Proquest, West law and Lexus library. Content analysis was used to identify variation in the offences the accused were charged with, the sentences given, and a range of other features of the cases. The final element of the exploratory study was to examine how judges responded to presiding over MPR trials. Discussion focuses on the implications of the findings for police and prosecutors dealing with these offences and also the potential impact upon complainants in such cases
Do you believe her and is it real rape?
No full textRape is a unique crime insofar as there is both a psychological and physical violation of victims independent corraboration may not be available and the conviction rate is very low. Rape is also a paradoxical crime. Allegations of rape are often contested. As Stanko amd Williams point out in their chapter the disctinction between criminal and legal sex are cloudy and the difference sufficeient to warrant the deprivation of liberty is judged through scrutiny of the consent of the victim rather than the behaviour of the man. To be labelled either a rapist or a liar is highly stigmatising, yet there is a public perception that the greater harm may be done to a man wrongly called a rapist than to a woman wrongly called a lior. The data revealed show that the more vulnerable victims who might reasonably expect the protection of the law actually fare worse and are least likely to have their cases presented in court.
When we initiated our seminar series we looked at theories, methods, substatntive findings and practical application in relation to rape. The chapters in this edited volume reflect and supplement the discussions. The autjhors have bought together a number of conceptualisations and formulations when thinking about and claiming sexual assault and rape. The final chapter will offer some reflections on these ideas and approaches and suggest an agenda for action derived from the presented in the books contributions
Setting the scene: introduction to understanding rape.
No full textThis collection emerged out of a series of seminars held between 2005 and 2007 which bought together a network of researchers with a common focus of rape. The contributed chapters in this book represent the range of topics discussed in the seminars. Additional contributors were invited to cover topics felt to be important when considering rape and social violence. As originally conceived our seminar discussions addressed emerging areas of concern, specifically: attrition, drug-assisted-rape,
including the role of alcohol, consent and the Sexual Offences Act and false allegations. The seminars had three main foci: methodology, concepts and models and practice application
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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