350 research outputs found
Translation and response between Maurice Blanchot and Lydia Davis
No full textWhen an author translates a text by another writer, this translation is one form of a response to that text. Other responses may appear in their own writings that are more inflected with their authorial persona. Lydia Davis translated six books by Maurice Blanchot, including fiction and theoretical writings. Blanchot’s concept of the récit privileges non-conventional forms of narrative and it can be considered to have influenced Davis, a view shared in critical writing about Davis. However, responses to his fiction can also be found in Davis’s work. This article reads Lydia Davis’s story “Story” as a response to Maurice Blanchot’s récit, La Folie du jour, translated by Davis as “The Madness of the Day”. Both texts develop a narrative that questions the possibility of arriving at a single story: Blanchot’s narrator cannot tell the story of how he came to have glass ground into his eyes, while Davis’s narrator must try to understand a contradictory story told to her by her lover. However, Davis responds to Blanchot by reversing the perspective in the story: where Blanchot’s narrator must and cannot create a story that explains his situation in a judicial/medical context, Davis’s narrator is struggling to understand her lover’s story which does not explain the situation that they find themselves in. Davis’s narrator is therefore motivated by an emotional need to find an acceptable story that is absent from Blanchot’s narrator. This difference in motivation is central to the difference between Davis’s and Blanchot’s approach, and complicates any reading of his influence on her because she responds to his text in her own
Chimpanzees in context: a comparative perspective on chimpanzee behavior, cognition, conservation, and welfare/ edited by Lydia M. Hopper and Stephen R. Ross ; with a foreword by Jane Goodall.
No full textPapers from a conference of the same name organized and hosted by the Lester E. Fischer Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago in 2016.Includes bibliographical references and index."The study of the chimpanzee, the human's closest relative, has led scientists to exciting discoveries about evolution, behavior, and cognition over the past half century. In this book, both young and veteran scholars take a fascinating comparative approach to the culture, behavior, and cognition of both wild and captive chimpanzees. By seeking new perspectives in how the chimpanzee compares to other species, the scientists featured in this book offer a richer understanding of the ways in which chimpanzees' unique experiences shape their behavior. They also demonstrate how different methodologies provide different insights, how various cultural experiences influence our perspectives of chimpanzees, and how different ecologies in which chimpanzees live affect how they express themselves. After a foreword by Jane Goodall the book follows sections that examine chimp life histories and developmental milestones, behavior, methods of study, animal communication, cooperation and communication, tool use, chimpanzee care, and chimpanzee conservation. Collectively, these chapters remind us of the importance of considering the social, ecological, and cognitive context of chimpanzee behavior, and how these contexts shape our interpretation of our understanding of chimpanzees. Only by leveraging these powerful perspectives do we stand a chance at improving how we understand, care for, and protect this species"--Preface: Part 1: Part 2: Part 4: Part 5: Part 6: Part 7: Part 8: J. Goodall -- L.M. Hopper and S.R. Ross -- C.D. Knott and F.S. Harwell -- V. Behringer, J.M.G. Stevens, T. Deschner, and G. Hohmann -- J. Mann, M.A. Stanton, and C.M. Murray -- J.P. Taglialatela, S.A. Skiba, R.E. Evans, S. Bogart, and N.G. Schwob -- R.M. Wittig, A. Mielke, J. Lester, and C. Crockford -- S. Rosenbaum, R. Santymire and T.S. Stoinski -- L.M. Hopper and A.J. Carter -- C.F. Martin and I. Adachi -- S. Hirata, N. Morimura, K. Watanuki, and S.R. Ross -- C. Hobaiter -- S.W. Townsend, S.K. Watson, and K.E. Slocombe -- Z. Clay -- S. Duguid, M Allritz, A. de las Heras, S. Nolte, and J. Call -- S. Yamamoto -- G.L. Vale and S.F. Brosnan -- J.J.M. Massen, W.A.A. Schaake, and T. Bugnyar -- J.D. Pruetz, S.L. Bogart, and S. Lindshield -- L.V. Luncz and E. van de Waal -- C. Tennie, L.M. Hopper, and C.P. van Schaik -- M.J. Beran, B.M. Perdue, and A.E. Parrish -- M.A. Bloomsmith, A.W. Clay, S.R. Ross, S.P Lambeth, C.K. Lutz, S.D. Breaux, R. Pietsch, A. Fultz, M.L. Lammey, S.L. Jacobson, and J.E. Perlman -- K.A. Cronin and S.R. Ross -- E.S. Herrelko, S.J. Vick, and H.M. Buchanan-Smith -- S.R. Ross -- C.A. Chap;man, K. Valenta, S. Bortolamiol, S.K. Mugume, and M. Yao -- J.A. Hartel, E. Otali, Z. Machanda, R.W. Wrangham, and E. Ross -- D.B. Morgan, W. Winston, C.E. Ayina, W. Mayoukou, E.V. Lonsdorf, and C.M. Sanz. Foreword / Understanding chimpanzees in context / Life histories and developmental milestones. Ecological risk and the evolution of great ape life histories / Growing up : comparing ontogeny of bonobos and chimpanzees / Dolphins and chimpanzees : a case for convergence? / A social species. Social behavior and social tolerance in chimpanzees and bonobos / Endurance and flexibility of close social relationships : comparing chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys atys) / Urinary androgens, dominance hierarchies, and social group structure among wild male mountain gorillas / Part 3: Studying chimpanzees. Methods to study chimpanzee social learning from a comparative perspective / Automated methods and the technological context of chimpanzee research / The establishment of sanctuaries for former laboratory chimpanzees : challenges, successes, and cross-cultural context / Communication. Gestural communication in the great apes : tracing the origins of language / Flexibility in great ape vocal production / Vocal communication in chimpanzees and bonobos : a window into the social world / Cooperation. Cooperation and communication in great apes / The evolution of cooperation in dyads and in groups : comparing chimpanzees and bonobos in the wild and in the laboratory / Putting chimpanzee cooperation in context / A comparison of cooperative cognition in corvids, chimpanzees, and other animals / Tool use, cognition, and culture. Extractive foraging in an extreme environment : tool and proto-tool use by chimpanzees at Fongoli, Senegal / Cultural transmission in dispersing primates / On the origin of cumulative culture : consideration of the role of copying in culture-dependent traits and a reappraisal of the zone of latent solutions hypothesis / Cognitive control and metacognition in chimpanzees / Caring for chimpanzees. Chimpanzees in US zoos, sanctuaries, and research facilities : a survey-based comparison of atypical behaviors / When is "natural" better? The welfare implications of limiting reproduction in captive chimpanzees / How chimpanzee personality and video studies can inform management and care of the species : a case study / Chimpanzee welfare in the context of science, policy, and practice / Conserving chimpanzees. Chimpanzee conservation : what we know, what we do not know, and ways forward / Holistic approach for conservation of chimpanzees in Kibale National Park, Uganda / Forest certification and the high conservation value concept : protecting great apes in the Sangha Trinational Landscape in an era of industrial logging /1 online resource (xvi, 688 pages)
Contrapunteos de Lydia Cabrera
No full textEven today in the history of Cuban anthropology, little attention is paid to the writer and anthropologist Lydia Cabrera, who has only recently begun to be part of the list of intellectuals in official Cuban culture. However, because of her work and life trajectory, Cabrera can be considered the modern founder of studies on Afro-Cuban religions.
The main purpose of this text is to analyse Lydia Cabrera’s ethnographic work based on the idea that there was a ‘counterpoint’, a dialogue, a metaphorical game, between the liminal identity of the author herself – manifested in a racial, cultural, gender, social and political sense – and her interest and dedication to the contribution of slaves and the population of African origin to the history, culture and, ultimately, the identity of their Cuban homeland.Todavía hoy en la historia de la antropología cubana se presta poca atención a la escritora y antropóloga Lydia Cabrera, quien solo muy recientemente ha empezado a formar parte de la nómina intelectual de la cultura cubana oficial. Sin embargo, en función de su obra y trayectoria vital puede considerarse a Cabrera como la fundadora moderna de los estudios sobre las religiones afrocubanas.
El objeto central de este texto es analizar el trabajo etnográfico de Lydia Cabrera a partir de la idea de que existe un contrapunteo, un diálogo, un juego metafórico, entre la identidad liminar de la propia autora -manifiesta en un sentido racial, cultural, de género, social y político- y su interés y dedicación a la aportación de los esclavos y la población de origen africano a la historia, a la cultura y, en última instancia, a la identidad misma de su patria cubana
Hopper, Lydia M. (Death, 1907-06-17)
No full textAddress: 842 W. 8th. St.Age at death: 62241/Pg 68/1907/F W M/City/Dr. P. W. Good/Jos. Hurth/WesleyanOriginal record filed in drawer labeled 'HOLMES-HORACE'
Letter from Lydia Becker to Miles Berkeley 27 June 1870
No full textThis is a PDF of a scan of a letter from Lydia Becker (1827-1890) to Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley (1803-1889) written on 27 June 1870. This letter is mentioned in footnote 12 of Antonovics J, Gibby M, and Hood ME. 2020. John Leigh, Lydia Becker and their shared botanical interests. Archives of Natural History (in press). The original of the letter is in personal possession of Michael Hood, co-author on this paper. Lydia Becker was a botanist and pioneer in the women's suffrage movement, and Miles Berkeley was a leading mycologist best known for his identification of the fungus responsible for potato blight, the cause of the Irish potato famine. In this letter, Becker rebukes Berkeley for describing in an article in Nature the anther-smut disease (Microbotryum) of red campion (Silene dioica) yet failing to cite her as the source of the original study. Becker also corresponded with Darwin about her work on anther smut
Flexibility in Great Ape Vocal Production
No full textTraits that are often cited to distinguish spoken language from other, nonhu-man vocal communication systems range from the way that language combines a finite number of sounds into an infinite number of meaningful expressions (Collier et al. 2014; Hurford 2011), to its rich semantic layer (Hurford 2007). However, a large body of comparative data on the vocal behavior of primates has emerged over the last five decades indicating these differences could be considered continuous or quantitative in nature (Watson et al. 2015a; Zuber-bühler 2005; Zuberbühler, Cheney, and Seyfarth 1999). For example, a number of monkey and ape species (and, indeed, non-primate mammals and birds, see Gill and Bierema 2013; Townsend and Manser 2013) use vocalizations to re-fer to external objects and events in the environment in a way that appears comparable to language’s semanticity or reference (Clay, Smith, and Blumstein 2012; Seyfarth, Cheney, and Marler 1980; Slocombe and Zuberbühler 2005, al-though see Townsend and Manser 2013; Wheeler and Fischer 2012). Moreover, primates are also capable of combining sounds and calls together in different ways to encode meaning (Cäsar et al. 2013; Clarke, Reichard, and Zuberbühler 2006; Clay and Zuberbühler 2009; Spillmann et al. 2010) and even, in some instances, to increase communicative output (Arnold and Zuberbühler 2006; Collier et al. 2014; Coye, Zuberbühler, and Lemasson 2016; Coye et al. 2015; Ouattara, Lemasson, and Zuberbühler 2009). These rudimentary semantic and syntactic abilities in our close relatives have been argued to support a gradual evolutionary scenario for human language abilities (Arnold and Zuberbühler 2006; Slocombe and Zuberbühler 2005; Zuberbühler 2005), building on pre-existing cognitive and communicative capacities in our primate ancestors
Endurance and flexibility of close social relationships:comparing chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>) and sooty mangabeys (<i>Cercocebus atys atys</i>)
No full textEmulation, imitation, over-imitation and the scope of culture for child and chimpanzee
No full textWe describe our recent studies of imitation and cultural transmission in chimpanzees and children, which question late twentieth-century characterizations of children as imitators, but chimpanzees as emulators. As emulation entails learning only about the results of others' actions, it has been thought to curtail any capacity to sustain cultures. Recent chimpanzee diffusion experiments have by contrast documented a significant capacity for copying local behavioural traditions. Additionally, in recent 'ghost' experiments with no model visible, chimpanzees failed to replicate the object movements on which emulation is supposed to focus. We conclude that chimpanzees rely more on imitation and have greater cultural capacities than previously acknowledged. However, we also find that they selectively apply a range of social learning processes that include emulation. Recent studies demonstrating surprisingly unselective 'over-imitation' in children suggest that children's propensity to imitate has been underestimated too. We discuss the implications of these developments for the nature of social learning and culture in the two species. Finally, our new experiments directly address cumulative cultural learning. Initial results demonstrate a relative conservatism and conformity in chimpanzees' learning, contrasting with cumulative cultural learning in young children. This difference may contribute much to the contrast in these species' capacities for cultural evolution. © 2009 The Royal Society.</p
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