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Intergenerational transmission of overweight and obesity in HUNT families - The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study
Full text linkOverføring av overvekt og fedme fra foreldre til barn i HUNT-familier.
Bakgrunn og mål for studien
Både hos barn, ungdom og voksne, har overvekt og fedme siden midten av 80-tallet hatt en sterkt økende vekst i befolkningen. Dette har skapt bekymringer for medfølgende helseeffekter både i et globalt og nasjonalt perspektiv. Overvekt og fedme er i dag en av de største og viktigste risikofaktorene knyttet til sykdom og død, og er blant annet sterkt forbundet med utviklingen av diabetes type 2, ulike hjerte/kar-lidelser og enkelte kreftformer.
Studier har vist at overvekt i barndommen predikerer senere overvekt i voksen alder, og derav de følgende langtidseffekter dette vil kunne ha både for svekkelse av egen helse og for kostnader i helsetjenesten. Årsaken til den sterke utviklingen av overvekt og fedme er sammensatt og kompleks. På tross av mye forskning innen dette fagfeltet er mange faktorer og betydningen av disse ennå ikke avdekket. Mer forskning som kan bidra til større forståelse og forebygging av fedmeepidemien er derfor nødvendig.
Målet med denne studien har vært å få økt kunnskap om foreldrenes betydning for barnas vekt i tenårene med fokus på foreldrenes egen vekt (artikkel I), endring av foreldrenes vekt og fysisk aktivitet under barnas oppvekst (artikkel II) og genetisk fedmepredisposisjon hos begge foreldre (artikkel III).
Materiale og metode
Data er hentet fra Helseundersøkelsen i Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT). Artikkel I inkluderer ungdommer som deltok i Ung-HUNT1 (1995–97) og Ung-HUNT3 (2006–08), samt fra deres foreldre som på samme tidspunkt deltok i HUNT2 (1995–97) og HUNT3 (2006–08). I artikkel II benytter vi data fra Ung-HUNT3 samt foreldredata både fra HUNT2 og HUNT3.
For artikkel III har vi i tillegg brukt oppfølgingsdata fra ungdommer som deltok i både UngHUNT1 og fem år senere i Ung-HUNT2 (2000–01). Disse dataene ble også koblet til ungdommenes fødselsvekt hentet fra Medisinsk Fødselsregister (MFR). Statistiske modeller i samtlige artikler har vært lineære miksede effekt modeller med søsken gruppert innen foreldre, for slik å ta hensyn til den ikke-uavhengige relasjonen som da vil være blant de inkluderte ungdommene.
Resultat og konklusjon
I artikkel I fant vi en sterk sammenheng mellom foreldrenes BMI og midjemål og barnas respektive vektmål i ungdomstiden. I familier der begge foreldrene var overvektige var sammenhengen med overvekt hos deres ungdommer dobbelt så sterk sammenlignet med ungdommer der kun en av foreldrene var overvektige. Sammenhengen var like sterk for både gutter og jenter.
I artikkel II studerte vi sammenhengen mellom vektendring hos foreldre over en periode på 11 år og BMI hos barna i ungdomstid. Vi fant at der mor hadde hatt en moderat vektnedgang (2–6 kg) gjennom den tiden fra da barna var i alderen 3–9 år til de var 13–19 år, hadde barna lavere BMI som ungdommer, sammenlignet med barna til de mødre som ikke hadde hatt vektnedgang. En reduksjon i mors fysiske aktivitetsnivå over samme periode hadde derimot sammenheng med høyere BMI hos barna i ungdomstid. Vi fant ikke tilsvarende sammenhenger når vi så på fars endringer i vekt og fysiske aktivitetsnivå.
I artikkel III fant vi en sammenheng mellom foreldrenes genetiske fedmerisiko (ved bruk av genetisk risikoskår, GRS) og barnas BMI ved ungdomstid. Økt genetisk predisposisjon ga høyere BMI. Denne assosiasjonen fant vi i begge kjønn og i hver aldersgruppe fra 13 til 19 år. En tilsvarende sammenheng fant vi ikke da vi så på assosiasjonen mellom foreldrenes GRS og barnas ponderal index (vektmål hos nyfødte tilsvarende BMI) ved fødsel.
Totalt sett viser studien en sammenheng mellom foreldrenes vekt, livsstilsendringer og genetisk fedmepredisposisjon og egne barn sin vekt i ungdomsalder
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Smoking and health in adolescence : The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, 1995-1997
No full textThe onset of cigarette smoking begins primarily in adolescence, and prevalence of smoking among adolescents has been increased during the last ten years. The prevalence of adolescent smoking increases with age and is more common or at least as common in girls as in boys in most western countries.
Until recently the intensive investigation on health effects of smoking has been mostly conducted among adults. In adolescence the long-term health consequences have been reviewed, but current health problems are probably more important to adolescents and may be more motivating for smoking prevention and cessation. Increased morbidity among adolescent smokers has been reported, but specific current health problems and medication use have received little attention. More
Control of smoking is a primary health goal. An underlying premise for promotion of physical activity in adolescence is that it may mead to a healthy lifestyle persisting through adulthood. Encouraging participation in sports has been recommended as smoking prevention and as part of smoking cessation programs. Smoking habits within different types of sports has received less attention, and whether physical activity has an impact on lung function is debated.
Adolescent smokers are often unsuccessful in quitting and difficult to recruit and retain in smoking cessation programs. Occasional smoking may be the strongest risk factor for daily smoking, but occasional smokers could be an important target group for smoking cessation who could be discouraged from moving into daily smoking status.
The first aim of this thesis was to study associations between smoking and current health status by examining associations between daily smoking and subjective health problems (Paper 1), and gender specific effects on respiratory symptoms and lung function (Paper II). The associations between physical activity and lung function in never smokers and daily smokers were also assessed (Paper III). The second aim was to study factors that might be useful in smokin
Smoking and health in adolescence : The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, 1995-1997
No full textThe onset of cigarette smoking begins primarily in adolescence, and prevalence of smoking among adolescents has been increased during the last ten years. The prevalence of adolescent smoking increases with age and is more common or at least as common in girls as in boys in most western countries.
Until recently the intensive investigation on health effects of smoking has been mostly conducted among adults. In adolescence the long-term health consequences have been reviewed, but current health problems are probably more important to adolescents and may be more motivating for smoking prevention and cessation. Increased morbidity among adolescent smokers has been reported, but specific current health problems and medication use have received little attention. More
Control of smoking is a primary health goal. An underlying premise for promotion of physical activity in adolescence is that it may mead to a healthy lifestyle persisting through adulthood. Encouraging participation in sports has been recommended as smoking prevention and as part of smoking cessation programs. Smoking habits within different types of sports has received less attention, and whether physical activity has an impact on lung function is debated.
Adolescent smokers are often unsuccessful in quitting and difficult to recruit and retain in smoking cessation programs. Occasional smoking may be the strongest risk factor for daily smoking, but occasional smokers could be an important target group for smoking cessation who could be discouraged from moving into daily smoking status.
The first aim of this thesis was to study associations between smoking and current health status by examining associations between daily smoking and subjective health problems (Paper 1), and gender specific effects on respiratory symptoms and lung function (Paper II). The associations between physical activity and lung function in never smokers and daily smokers were also assessed (Paper III). The second aim was to study factors that might be useful in smokingdr.med.dr.med
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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