450 research outputs found
Survey of plant density tolerance in U.S. maize germplasm
No full textGlobal demand for cereal crops like maize is rising at a rapid pace as the world population expands beyond 7 billion people. To meet these needs, productivity (i.e. grain yield) per unit area must be increased. A survey of U.S. maize germplasm was conducted to identify sources of favorable alleles for plant density tolerance and better understanding the genetics involved. Hybrids created using a genetically diverse set of inbreds representing parentage of key heterotic sub-groups were evaluated at plant densities ranging from 19,000 plants per acre (ppA) to 54,000 ppA. Five categories of traits were hypothesized to be associated with plant density tolerance: photosynthetic capability, growth responses, source-sink relationship, general stress tolerance, and plant architecture. Fifty phenotypic traits from these five categories were evaluated in three environments that differed for levels of moisture availability. The relationship between plant density and grain yield was assessed for each hybrid, with a wide range of responses observed. Five hybrids showed substantial tolerance to plant densities ≥47,000 ppA based on grain yield. Phenotypic trait correlations revealed a subset of traits associated with grain yield. Further analysis provided insight into relationships among traits that ultimately influence grain yield. All 5 categories of traits were found to have an association with grain yield directly and indirectly. Analysis of environments with differing moisture levels suggested that the 5 top-performing hybrids at high plant density have exceptional capacity for light utilization and translation of that energy into kernel mass. Estimates of heritability for grain yield at high plant densities were found to be similar to those at other plant densities, therefore requiring no alteration with breeding strategies used for new and improved maize lines. Results of this work will be used to create plant materials for further characterization of the trait through QTL mapping and candidate gene approaches.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2012-07-17T19:25:55Z
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Release Date: 2014-09-18 16:27:16 UTC
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemItem marked as restricted to the 'Administrator' Group (id=1) by Seth Robbins ([email protected]) on 2012-09-18T21:27:24Z
Item is restricted until 2014-09-18T21:27:16ZLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 34813 on 2014-09-18T10:00:47Z
Computer simulation to guide choice of breeding strategies for maker-aided multiple trait integration in maize
No full textWith the rapid rate of adoption by farmers worldwide of crop varieties containing multiple value-added traits, mainly genetically modified traits, as many as 15 to 20 transgenic events may be offered in new maize hybrids by 2030 (Que et al. 2010; Fraley 2012). Multiple Trait Integration (MTI) is designed to integrate the specific transgenic events conferring the value-added trait phenotypes into the elite genetic package represented by the target hybrid, regaining the performance attributes of the target hybrid along with reliable expression of the value-added traits. From a breeding standpoint, MTI involves four steps: Single Event Introgression, Event Pyramiding, Trait Fixation, and Version Testing. We considered the breeding process to introgress 15 transgenic events into a target maize hybrid, incorporating 8 into the female parent and 7 into the male parent, to design a comprehensive and efficient approach to MTI overall.
Focusing on the first step, Single Event Introgression which is conducted in parallel streams to convert a given recurrent parent for individual events, the primary breeding goal is to minimize residual non-recurrent parent germplasm remaining from the trait donor, especially in the chromosomal proximity to the event (i.e. linkage drag). Setting a defined lower limit of 96.66% recurrent parent (RP) germplasm recovery (i.e. ≤ 120 cM non-recurrent parent germplasm), conversion for 15 events requires the final selections in Single Event Introgression to have < 8 cM total amount of non-recurrent parent germplasm across the genome with ~ 1 cM non-recurrent parent germplasm in the 20 cM region flanking the event. Using computer simulation, we sought to identify optimal breeding strategies for Single Event Introgression in terms of selection scheme, required population size, and selection intensity. In addition, strategies for choice of donor parent to facilitate conversion efficiency and quality were evaluated. Selection schemes classified as three-stage, modified two-stage, and combined selection conducted from BC1 through BC3, BC4, or BC5 were compared using a moderate constant population size. Criteria for evaluating efficiency included amount of total residual non-recurrent parent germplasm, amount of non-recurrent parent germplasm remaining in the chromosomal region flanking the event in the finished conversion, total number of marker data points required, total population size across generations, and total number of generations. One selection scheme successfully met the defined goals for this breeding step. It involved five generations of marker-aided backcrossing, with BC1 through BC3 selected for the event of interest and minimal linkage drag at population size of 600, and BC4 and BC5 selected for the event of interest and recovery of the RP germplasm across the genome at population size of 400; selection intensity was set at 0.01 for all generations. Furthermore, two essential criteria for choosing an optimal donor parent for a given RP were established: introgression history showing reduction of linkage drag to ~ 1 cM in the 20 cM region flanking the event and genetic similarity between the RP and potential donor parents. Computer simulation demonstrated that a ‘quality’ single event conversion can be accomplished earlier than BC5 given a donor parent with modest levels of genetic similarity. This study lays the groundwork for a comprehensive approach to MTI by providing appropriate starting materials with which to proceed with Event Pyramiding and Trait Fixation.
Next, we focused on the second and third steps in MTI: Event Pyramiding and Trait Fixation. Using computer simulation, we aimed to 1) identify an optimal breeding strategy for pyramiding of 8 events into the female RP (and 7 in the male RP), and 2) evaluate breeding strategies for Trait Fixation to create a ‘finished’ conversion of each RP homozygous for all events in an efficient and effective manner. Building on work by Ishii and Yonezawa (2007a), a symmetric crossing/selfing schedule for Event Pyramiding was devised for stacking 8/7 events in a target RP. Trait Fixation breeding strategies considered self-pollination and doubled haploidy approaches to achieve homozygosity as well as seed chipping and tissue sampling approaches to facilitate genotyping. With self-pollination approaches, 2 generations of selfing rather than 1 for Trait Fixation (i.e. ‘F2 enrichment’ as per Bonnett et al. (2005)) were utilized to eliminate bottlenecking due to extremely low frequencies of desired genotypes in the population. The efficiency indicators such as total number of population size across generations (NT), total number of marker data points (MDP), total number of generations (GEN), number of seeds sampled by seed chipping (NSC), and number of plants requiring tissue sampling (NTS), number of pollinations (NP) (i.e. selfing and crossing) were considered in comparisons of breeding strategies. A breeding strategy involving seed chipping and two-generation self-pollination approaches (SC+SELF) was determined to be the most efficient breeding strategy considering GEN and resource requirements such as MDP, NT, NSC, NTS, and NP. Doubled haploid may have limited utility in Trait Fixation for MTI under the defined breeding scenario. This outcome paves the way for optimizing the last step in the MTI process, Version Testing, which involves hybridization of female and male RP conversions to create versions of the converted hybrid for performance evaluation and commercial release.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2012-07-19T13:12:25Z
Item was in collections:
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Release Date: 2014-09-18 16:27:16 UTC
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemItem marked as restricted to the 'Administrator' Group (id=1) by Seth Robbins ([email protected]) on 2012-09-18T21:27:31Z
Item is restricted until 2014-09-18T21:27:16ZLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 34838 on 2014-09-18T10:01:02Z
Estudo do comportamento vibratório de uma embarcação em escala reduzida
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Joinville, Engenharia NavalVibração em embarcações é um tema de alta complexidade, pois podem ser induzidas por diferentes fontes como, por exemplo, máquinas, equipamentos, ondas, ventos e efeitos hidrodinâmicos. Esse trabalho visa o entendimento do comportamento vibratório de uma embarcação em escala reduzida e aborda a excitação dada pelo motor da embarcação e o campo de pressão gerado pelo hélice propulsor. Durante o projeto de novas embarcações recomenda-se calcular suas propriedades dinâmicas, tais como frequências naturais e modos de vibração da viga-navio. Tal estudo dos modos de vibração tem por objetivo facilitar a conclusão, através de métodos analíticos, ainda nas fases preliminares de estudo de modo a obter embarcações menos suscetíveis ao fenômeno da ressonância. Em caso de ressonância, além de ser indesejável por provocar desconforto aos usuários e movimentação das cargas, a vibração excessiva compromete a estrutura do casco, das subestruturas do navio e dos componentes mecânicos e eletrônicos. Para tanto, foi realizada a análise experimental e uma análise analítica de uma embarcação em escala reduzida. Os modelos analíticos que representam a análise modal tanto na condição livre-livre quanto na condição molhada, sendo estas a viga de Euller-Bernoulli e o modelo da viga-navio, respectivamente, apresentaram erro máximo de 10,65%, essa diferença ocorre por motivos de simplificações e falta do completo domínio das propriedades mecânicas da embarcação. Em um segundo momento, será avaliada a condição de operação da embarcação, através da ODS, tal procedimento permite concluir que a frequência natural da embarcação é excitada durante o funcionamento, dada a frequência de rotação do motor, frequência passagem das pás e a combinação destas.Vibration on vessels is a high complexity theme, they can be induced by different sources as, for example, machinery, equipment, waves, winds and hydrodynamic effects. This project focuses on the vibration behavior of a scaled vessel and discusses the excitation forces by the main engine and the generated pressure field generated by its propeller. While a new vessel is being projected it is recommended to estimate its dynamic properties, such as natural frequencies and mode shape of the ship hull beam. Such study aims to make easier the conclusion, by analytical methods, still in the early design stages to obtain vessel less susceptible to the phenomena of resonance. The reason an engineer is trying to avoid the resonance on his project is because, besides being uncomfortable for the crew and the possibility of cargo movement, the excessive vibration commits the ship’s hull structure, the substructures of the ship, mechanical and electronic components. Thinking of that, was performed an experimental analysis and analytical one on a reduced scale vessel. The analytical models that represents the modal analysis in the free condition and in the wet condition are the Euller-Bernoulli and the hull ship beam, respectively, show a maximum error of 10,65%, this difference occurs for simplification and missing of complete domination of the mechanical properties of the vessel purposes. In a second moment, this project will evaluate the vessel operation condition, trough ODS, such procedure allows finding out which vessel’s natural frequency is excited during the operation of the ship, given the engine rotation rate, the frequency of the propeller blades and a combination of those
Lithuania's Taiwan policy: navigating the EU-China dynamic
No full textThe author examines what values and messages appeared in the press releases of Lithuania and the European Union in the period from January 1, 2019 to January 1, 2024 related to the one-China policy which is a one of the frameworks under which the of the European Union's Common Security and Defence Policy operates. In order to research the topic, the following research questions were asked: 1. To what extent do Lithuania and the European Union present coherent or divergent statements on Taiwan? 2. How did the EU address Lithuania's move within the framework of its relations with China?
In the empirical part of the work, qualitative content analysis was used and a coding table was created to sort the data. There were 103 press releases and official statements in the sample of this master thesis, of which 49 were press releases from Lithuanian and 54 from European Union agencies. As a result of the work, the tonality, main messages and values were dissected and analysed. The analysis also included the application of two small state theories (Long, 2005) (Nasra, 2011) and contexualising the statements through them
Relationship between Production Losses and Production Volumes: A Case Study of Valio Estonia AS Yogurt Production
No full textMagistritöö
Ökonoomika ja ettevõtluse õppekavalKäesolev magistritöö käsitleb tootmiskadude ja tootmiskoguste seoseid Valio Eesti AS jogurtitootmises. Tulenevalt ringbiomajanduse kontseptsioonist, on kadudel ka lisaks majanduslikule kahjule, kahju ettevõtte jätkusuutlikkusele. Töö eesmärgiks on analüüsida, kuidas tootmiskadude suurus sõltub tootmismahust ning kuidas ettevõtte majandustulemused on seotud sellega. Kasutades kvalitatiivseid ja kvantitatiivseid meetodeid, sh vaatlust ja intervjuusid, püütakse välja selgitada üldistatud tootmiskadude tekke kohad, põhjused ja nende mõju ettevõtte majandustulemustele. Uurimuse tulemused näitavad, et suuremad tootmismahud võivad vähendada tootmiskadusid. Töö tulemused sarnanevad mastaabiefekti teoorial põhinevatel varasematel uuringutel. Töö autor pakub välja soovitusi tootmisprotsessi optimeerimiseks, mis aitaksid vähendada kulusid ja suurendada tootmise tõhusust. Samuti oleks vajalik tootmisprotsessi täpsem uuring protsessipõhiselt, mil saaks täpsemini minna vigade põhjustesse tootmises.This master's thesis discusses the relationship between production losses and production volumes in the yogurt production at Valio Estonia AS. Stemming from the concept of circular bioeconomy, losses not only represent an economic damage but also harm the sustainability of the company. The aim of the study is to analyze how the amount of production losses depends on production volumes and how this relates to the company's economic outcomes. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, including observations and interviews, the thesis seeks to identify generalized origins, causes of production losses, and their impact on the company's economic performance. The research results show that larger production volumes may reduce production losses. The findings are consistent with earlier studies based on the theory of economies of scale. The author offers recommendations for optimizing the production process, which would help reduce costs and increase production efficiency. Additionally, a more detailed, process-based study of the production process is necessary, which could more precisely address the causes of errors in production
Genetics underlying flaking grit yield from dry milled maize grain
No full textA survey of U.S. corn germplasm was conducted to explore genetics underlying flaking grit yield (FGY) and evaluate the relationship between FGY and agronomic performance, with an aim to devise breeding strategies to simultaneously improve FGY and agronomic performance in the future. The survey used a broad-based set of inbreds that represent parentage of heterotic subgroups utilized in current commercial maize hybrids. The 12 inbreds were crossed in a diallel design without reciprocals to create 66 test hybrids which were evaluated for agronomic, dry milling, ear, and kernel properties over 3 years. The overall mean among test hybrids for FGY was 29.4 g grits/100g corn dry basis with a range from 24.0 to 36.0 g grits/100g corn dry basis. Narrow and broad sense heritability estimates for FGY were 0.53 and 0.65, respectively, indicating the importance of additive gene action for this trait. The general combining ability (GCA) variance for FGY was twice the size of the specific combining ability variance, indicating the importance of GCA. Heterosis is not a factor in expression of FGY. In most cases, FGY was not correlated with agronomic, ear, and kernel traits, but FGY was phenotypically correlated (p < 0.05) with both grain yield (r = -0.50) and test weight (r = 0.52). Grain yield and FGY were genetically correlated with an r = -0.43. A moderate amount (31%) of the variation in flaking grits per acre (FGA) was explained by multiple regression of several traits including grain yield as well as simple physical kernel characters: test weight, kernel depth, 100 kernel volume.
Overall, the results of this study indicated presence of genetic variation for FGY in U.S. maize germplasm which could be exploited to develop new corn hybrids with improved FGY and FGA. Furthermore, performance for FGA may be predicted to some extent based on performance for some select agronomic and kernel characteristics. However, there is a need to explore additional options for improving predictions of FGA. Kernel characteristics such as kernel density and breakage susceptibility, implicated in previous reports to be highly correlated with FGY, may represent potential candidate traits for such a study.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2012-07-16T17:49:47Z
Item was in collections:
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Macke_Joshua.docx: 748963 bytes, checksum: 7d9ae10656657158b44f79cffef4c2e7 (MD5)Item marked as restricted to the 'Administrator' Group (id=1) by Seth Robbins ([email protected]) on 2012-09-18T21:27:33Z
Item is restricted until 2014-09-18T21:27:16ZRestriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:35:52-05:00
Original Data
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Release Date: 2014-09-18 16:27:16 UTC
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 34846 on 2014-09-18T10:00:37Z
Reconceptualising English teaching in Taiwan: action research with technical college students
No full textEnglish is now the primary language used amongst speakers from around the world for international communication. In response to this fact, there are calls for a paradigm shift in English language teaching (ELT) in respect of the increasing English users who speak English as an international language (EIL). For more than two decades, there have been heated debates and discussions concerning EIL teaching with issues such as standards and norms of EIL, ownership of EIL and identity of EIL users, culture(s) in EIL, etc.. With Taiwan's cultural politics background, English has long been portrayed and perceived as a prestigious foreign language which represents a passport to better economic gains, education, and social status. This perception of English has not only brought about a phenomenon of English fever, but also endorsed an economic pragmatic view in learning English as an international language. Consequently, it has reinforced ELT practices to aim at preparing learners of English for 'being competitive' instead of 'understanding of others’. Based on an educational philosophy that today's English language teaching should prepare learners as world citizens instead of global human capital, the purpose of this action research project is to provide an intercultural communicative way of teaching English. A total of 42 part-time technical college students and a teacher researcher in Taipei were involved in investigating the desirability and feasibility of such ELT pedagogy. Under a theme of 'A Visit from our Sister College', nine lessons were taught with cultural topics like name, hometown, food, and entertainment. The findings suggest that, with some minor technical modifications needed in the future, the proposed pedagogy can help learners not only find their confidence in learning and utilising English language in their daily life but also deep-learn cultures of self and others. Thus, it might result the learners in becoming world citizens in a gradual/progressive manner
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